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Brixton


Lambeth Town Hall

Brixton (Greater London)
Brixton

Brixton shown within Greater London
OS grid reference TQ315755
London borough Lambeth
Ceremonial county Greater London
Region London
Constituent country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town LONDON
Postcode district SW9, SW2
Postcode district SE5
Dialling code 020
Police Metropolitan
Fire London
Ambulance London
European Parliament London
UK Parliament Streatham
Vauxhall
London Assembly Lambeth and Southwark
List of places: UKEnglandLondon

Coordinates: 51°27′47″N 0°06′22″W / 51.463, -0.106

Brixton is an area of South London, England, part of the London Borough of Lambeth. South London is the southern part of London, England. The area it covers is defined differently for a range of purposes England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The London Borough of Lambeth ( is a London borough in South London, England and forms part of Inner London. It is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham Common, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill and Herne Hill. Stockwell is an Inner city area of London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth. Clapham Common is a triangular area of grassland of about 220 acres (0 Streatham is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth in the United Kingdom. Camberwell is a district of London, England and forms part of the London Borough of Southwark. Tulse Hill is a district and Hill in the London Borough of Lambeth in London, England. Herne Hill is located in the London Borough of Lambeth and the London Borough of Southwark in Greater London.

Contents

Etymology

Brixton means 'Beorthsige's stone', from the Old English personal name and stan "stone". The last element is not Old English tun "farm, village", despite the modern -ton ending. It was recorded as Brixiestan in 1086 in the Domesday Book. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey The location of the stone is not known. [1]

History

Tate Library with statue of Henry Tate in front
Tate Library with statue of Henry Tate in front
"The Mass" at St Matthew's Church
"The Mass" at St Matthew's Church
The Fridge
The Fridge
The Ritzy
The Ritzy
Brixton Windmill off Brixton Hill.
Brixton Windmill off Brixton Hill. The Brixton Academy or Brixton is one of London 's leading music venues
One of the covered arcades.
One of the covered arcades.

Brixton was the meeting place of the ancient Brixton hundred of Surrey. Brixton was an ancient hundred in the north east of the county of Surrey, England. It remained mostly waste land until the beginning of the 19th century, the main settlements being near Stockwell, Brixton Hill and Coldharbour Lane. Stockwell is an Inner city area of London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth. Brixton Hill is the name given to a 1 Km section of road between Brixton and Streatham Hill in south London, England. Coldharbour Lane is a road in South London that leads south-westwards from Camberwell to Brixton. With the opening of Vauxhall Bridge in 1816, improved access to Central London led to a process of suburban development. Vauxhall Bridge is a steel arched Bridge for road and foot traffic crossing the River Thames in a north-west south-east orientation between Lambeth Bridge London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The largest single development, and one of the last in suburban character, was Angell Town, laid out in the 1850s on the east side of Brixton Road, and so named after a family which owned land in Lambeth from the late 17th century until well into the 20th. Brixton Road is a road in the London Borough of Lambeth (south London, England) leading from the Oval at Kennington to Brixton Lambeth is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth, although the area is now more commonly known as Waterloo, after the railway station whose viaduct separates the It was part of Surrey until the creation of the County of London in 1889. Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. The County of London was a ceremonial county and administrative county of England from 1889 to 1965

One of a few surviving windmills in London, built in 1816, and surrounded by houses built during Brixton's Victorian expansion, is to be found just off Brixton Hill. A windmill is a machine that is powered by the energy of the wind The nearby 'Windmill' pub is named after it.

Brixton today

Brixton is an inner London suburb 3. 3 miles (5. 3 km) south of Charing Cross and is the unofficial capital of the Jamaican, African British and Caribbean community of London. Charing Cross is located at the junction of the Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street in Central London, England. Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. See also British African-Caribbean community, Caribbean British Black British is a term which has had different meanings and uses as a racial and political The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Windrush Square between Lambeth Town Hall and the Tate Library was created to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the arrival of the modern Afro-Caribbean community on the Empire Windrush. The British African Caribbean community are residents of the United Kingdom who are of West Indian background and whose ancestors were indigenous to Africa The Empire Windrush was a Ship that is an important part of the history of Multiracialism in the United Kingdom.

Modern day Brixton is home to six big housing estates: Myatts Field off Vassall Road; Angell Town off Brixton Road on the boundary with Camberwell; Loughborough in the centre of Brixton; Moorlands Estate, situated off Coldharbour Lane; St Matthew's, located in the fork between Brixton Hill and Effra Road; Tulse Hill a little further South of St. Matthews.

Brixton is also notable for being one of the first inner city based 'Transition Town' projects in the UK [2]



Entertainment

There is a significant clubbing and live music scene. Transition Towns is a movement that was founded in Kinsale, Ireland and Totnes, England by environmentalist Rob Hopkins during 2005 and 2006 A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark Large venues include the Carling Brixton Academy (changed from Brixton Academy in 2004), The Fridge and Mass. The Brixton Academy or Brixton is one of London 's leading music venues The Fridge is a nightclub in the Brixton area of South London, founded by Andrew Czezowski who had run the near-legendary Roxy during Punk music A range of smaller venues such as The Prince Albert, The Prince / DexClub, the Windmill, The Dogstar, Jamm, The Telegraph, Plan B, the 414, the Effra Tavern, and the Grosvenor are a major part of London's live music scene, drawing performers with international reputations. The Windmill is a pub and live music venue in Brixton, London, with a reputation for championing new music Brixton is also home to a 1970s purpose built skatepark, named Stockwell Skatepark. A skatepark is a purpose-built Recreational environment for Skateboarders to ride and develop their technique Stockwell Skatepark (also known as Brixton Bowls or Brixton Beach is situated on Stockwell Park Walk in South London, England.

Brixton market

The heart of Brixton is the Market, open every day selling produce from all over the world. Brixton Market is a street market in the centre of Brixton, south London, England, and the adjacent covered market areas in nearby arcades Reliance The market sells a range of Afro-Caribbean products as well as reflecting the many other communities in the local area with Indian and Vietnamese supermarkets and South American butchers amongst the shops and stalls.

Brixton stores

Brixton was once the shopping capital of south London with three large department stores and some of the earliest branches of what are now Britain's major national retailers.

Brixton however does have the department store Morleys, which has been a big success and has generated a lot of publicity for the glamorous side of Brixton. Morleys has attracted shoppers from all over London, especially women.

Brixton riots

Brixton was the scene of disorder in April 1981 and September 1985. The Brixton riot of April 11, 1981 was one of the most serious Riots in London, UK, of the 20th century The Brixton riot (sometimes known as 'uprising' of 1985 started on 28 September in Brixton in South London. Following migration from the West Indies in the 1950s (and later mix of other ethnic minorities), Brixton encompassed a (relatively) large number of ethnic minorities as compared with other parts of England. The context for the 1981 uprising was the "stop-and-search" policies under the 'sus law', whereby young black men were stopped and searched by the police without any reason being given. In Britain, the Sus law was the informal name for a stop-and-search law that permitted a police officer to act on suspicion or 'sus' alone This led to a feeling of oppression amongst some residents of the area. Following the 1981 uprising, the Government appointed Lord Scarman under the auspices of a Royal Commission to report[1] upon the effects of the current law. Leslie George Scarman Baron Scarman, OBE, PC ( 29 July 1911 &ndash 8 December 2004) was an English Judge Lord Scarman's report acknowledged the disproportionate effect that the law was having on young black youth. The report made a number of recommendations, which resulted in the police having to give reasons – to the person - for any stop and searches that they undertook. The 1985 uprising followed a police shooting of a black woman, Cherry Groce, after the police entered her house looking for someone else. Although the Brixton area subsequently saw pioneering community policing initiatives, the continued death of young black men in police custody (and in one case the death of a man pointing a fake gun at people) coupled with general distrust of the police led to smaller scale protests through the 1990s (see Brixton riot (1995)). Community policing or neighbourhood policing is a policing strategy and philosophy based on the notion that community interaction and support can help control The Brixton riots of 1995 began on December 13 after the death of black 26 year old Wayne Douglas, in police custody

After the riots in 1981 a series of murals was funded by the council, although there is no evidence to show that colourfully painted walls have any direct correlation to the level of violence within a community. The Brixton murals are a series of Murals by local artists in the Brixton area in London, UK.

Brixton in song

References to Brixton in song started with the release of 'Whoppi King' by Laurel Aitken in 1968 and 'Brixton Cat' by Dice the Boss in 1969. This was followed in August 1975 by a song written and sung by Geraint Hughes and Jeff Calvert (who billed themselves as "Typically Tropical"): two white men who told the story of a Brixton bus-driver "going' to Barbados" with Coconut Airways to escape the rain in London.

The 1979 song "The Guns of Brixton" by The Clash deals with law enforcement violence in Brixton. " The Guns of Brixton " is a song by The Clash on their third album London Calling, released in 1979 For the debut album by The Clash see The Clash (album The Clash were Written by Paul Simonon, who grew up in Brixton, it had a reggae influence and showed the reggae roots of both Brixton and Paul Simonon's musical background. Paul Gustave Simonon (born 15 December 1955 is an English musician best known as the Bass guitarist for Punk rock band The Clash.

Before a 'Jamm' gig, well-known punk band The Misfits were involved in a fight and thrown into Brixton Prison, which led them to write their song "London Dungeon". The Misfits are an American

Ian Hunter's 1981 album Short Back 'n' Sides contains a track called "Theatre of the Absurd" which refers to the Brixton law enforcement problem. "Play me some, play me some, play me Brixton power," is the chorus line, and the issue of race is opened with the first lines, "My tea turns seven shades darker as I sit and write these words. And London's gettin' paler, in my Theatre of the Absurd. " The production of the record was overseen by Mick Jones of the Clash. Michael Geoffrey "Mick" Jones (born 26 June 1955 was the lead Guitarist and a vocalist of the British Punk rock band The For the debut album by The Clash see The Clash (album The Clash were

Eddy Grant's 1982 album Killer on the Rampage contains the smash "Electric Avenue", a reference to a shopping street in central Brixton, one of the first in the UK to have electric street lighting installed (when Brixton's character was very different). Edmond Montague Grant (born 5 March 1948 in Plaisance, Guyana) is a British Reggae Musician. " Electric Avenue " is Eddy Grant 's US #2 hit of 1983 from the album Killer on the Rampage. The song evokes images of poverty, violence and misery while also celebrating the vibe of the area.

The song "Waiting for the Worms" from Pink Floyd's The Wall has a rally leader speaking into a megaphone to a racist rally mob, which acts as some of the lyrics to separate verses of the song. " Waiting for the Worms " is a song on the Pink Floyd album The Wall. Pink Floyd are The Wall is a Rock opera presented as a Double album by the English Progressive rock band Pink Floyd, released in late The very first lyrics heard from the megaphone are, "We have been ordered to convene outside Brixton town hall. . . " The album was released in 1979, two years before the start of the riots of 1981. The Brixton riot of April 11, 1981 was one of the most serious Riots in London, UK, of the 20th century

The town featured in the song "Svarta pärlan i London" (The black pearl in London) by Swedish artist Thomas Di Leva. Thomas Di Leva, birth name Sven Thomas Magnusson, (born October 23 1963 in Gävle, Gävleborg County, Gästrikland

The song "Reggae Fi Peach" and many other songs by reggae-dub poet Linton Kwesi Johnson are set in Brixton. Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s Dub is a form of music which evolved from Reggae in the late 1960s Linton Kwesi Johnson (aka LKJ (born 24 August 1952, Chapelton, Jamaica) is a British based dub poet.

The town also featured in the song "Has It Come To This?" by UK rapper The Streets. Mike Skinner (born 27 November 1978) more commonly known by his stage name The Streets, is a Rapper from Birmingham, England

The song "Brixton, Bronx ou Baixada" by Brazilian rock-reggae band O Rappa, tells about social differences. O Rappa is a Brazilian Reggae / rock band In 1993, the Reggae artist Papa Winnie came to Brazil but he had no band

Brixton in film

Director Richard Parry shot a film here (released in 2001) called South West Nine (SW9), referring to the postcode covering much of central Brixton. Richard Parry may refer to Richard Parry (bishop (1560 &ndash 1623 Bishop of St Confusingly, this postcode is officially that of Stockwell - although the northern part of Brixton falls within the boundary - whereas SW2 (the Brixton Hill sorting office) also covers Tulse Hill A204 Road, Streatham Hill and Brixton Hill. Stockwell is an Inner city area of London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth. SW2 is a postcode district in the SW postcode area of London, England Tulse Hill is a district and Hill in the London Borough of Lambeth in London, England. Streatham is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth in the United Kingdom. Brixton Hill is the name given to a 1 Km section of road between Brixton and Streatham Hill in south London, England.

'Reg Llama of Brixton' was mentioned in the (farcical) opening credits of the seminal 1975 comedy film Monty Python and the Holy Grail. Monty Python and the Holy Grail is a 1975 film written and performed by the comedy group Monty Python ( Graham Chapman, John Cleese

Brixton was also mentioned in the film "V for Vendetta" as being the location where the first riots against Chancellor Adam Sutler's authoritarian British government broke out, which resulted in Sutler calling out the army to try and stop growing public support for "V". Adam James Susan is a Fictional character in the Comic book series (later

The film Johnny Was, with the exception of a number of flashback sequences, is set entirely in Brixton. Johnny Was is a British/Irish Gangster movie directed by Mark Hammond and written by Brendan Foley and made by Ben Katz Productions Borderline

Ross Kemp filmed in Brixton on two occasions for his programme "Ross Kemp on Gangs"

The Prince and the Showgirl

In the 1957 film The Prince and the Showgirl starring Laurence Olivier and Marilyn Monroe, Olivier's character ( Charles, the Prince Regent ) asks Elsie Marina (played by Monroe) where she lives, to which Monroe replies "Coldharbour Lane, Brixton". The Prince and the Showgirl is a 1957 Hollywood film starring Marilyn Monroe and co-starring Laurence Olivier who also directed and Laurence Kerr Olivier Baron Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson, June 1 1926 &ndash August 5 1962 baptized Norma For the station on the Docklands Light Railway, see Prince Regent DLR station.

Nelson Mandela

Brixton's symbolic role as the "soul of Black Britain" led to a 1996 visit by Nelson Mandela. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (xolíɬaɬa mandéːla born 18 July 1918 is a former President of South Africa, the first to be elected in fully representative This included a brief visit to Mandela Street, part of a modern housing development constructed in the mid 80s and named after the former South African president. Mr. Mandela also visited the Brixton Recreation Centre during his visit.

Brixton bombing

On 17 April 1999 neo-nazi bomber David Copeland planted a nail bomb in Electric Avenue, which exploded on market day by the Iceland supermarket at the junction with Brixton High Street. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The term neo-Nazism refers to post- World War II Political movements Social movements and ideologies seeking to revive Nazism, David John Copeland (born May 15 1976) is a former member of the British neo-Nazi National Socialist Movement, who became known as the "London nailbomber" A bomb is any of a range of devices that typically rely on the Exothermic Chemical reaction of an Explosive material to produce an extremely Electric Avenue in Brixton, London, gets its name from being the first electrified shopping area in London Customer divider barjpg|thumb|In supermarkets sellers periodically change prices for classes of goods in response to market conditions rather than negotiating the price of each good Around 50 people were injured, including a toddler, who had a nail driven through his skull. Copeland was sentenced to six life sentences in June 2000. He had also bombed Brick Lane, the heart of East London's Bangladeshi community, and a gay pub in Soho. Brick Lane ( Bangla: ব্রিক লেন is a long street in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, in the East End of London. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially This article is about an area of Manhattan, New York City. For the area in London UK see Soho.

Transport and locale

Nearest places

Nearest tube stations

Nearest railway stations

Trains operate from Brixton railway station between London Victoria and Kent. Camberwell is a district of London, England and forms part of the London Borough of Southwark. Tooting is a suburb in the London Borough of Wandsworth in south London. Clapham is an area of South London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth. Streatham is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth in the United Kingdom. Battersea is a place in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is an inner-city district located 2 This article refers only to the town of Wandsworth For the wider area generally referred to as Wandsworth see the separate article on London Borough of Wandsworth. for other places called Norbury see Norbury (disambiguation Norbury is a town in the London Borough of Croydon, on the border with the Herne Hill is located in the London Borough of Lambeth and the London Borough of Southwark in Greater London. Brixton tube station, a station on the London Underground opened on July 23 1971, is the southern terminus of the Victoria Line. Stockwell tube station is a London Underground station in Stockwell, in the London Borough of Lambeth. Brixton Railway Station is in Brixton Town centre, South London, on the line between London Victoria and Orpington. London Victoria is a major London Underground, National Rail and Coach station in the City of Westminster. KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format Brixton tube station is the southern terminus of the Victoria line of the London Underground, which has trains operating to Central London. Brixton tube station, a station on the London Underground opened on July 23 1971, is the southern terminus of the Victoria Line. Victoria Line train leaving depotjpg|thumb|right|300px|1967 Stock train leaving Northumberland Park Depot]] The Victoria line is part of the London Underground The London Underground is a Metro system serving a large part of Greater London and neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire The term Central London refers to the districts of London England which are considered closest to the centre

Roads

Brixton sits on several main roads. The A23 London to Brighton road runs North-South through the area. The A23 road, in its original form was a major road in the United Kingdom running between London and Brighton, East Sussex. Brighton ( is a town on the south coast of England and with its neighbour Hove, forms the city of Brighton and Hove. There is also the A203 which links to Vauxhall Bridge along with the A204 and A2217. The A203 is a primary A road in South London. It runs from Brixton to Vauxhall connecting the A23 and A3 with Vauxhall Bridge is a steel arched Bridge for road and foot traffic crossing the River Thames in a north-west south-east orientation between Lambeth Bridge List of A roads beginning with 2 in Great Britain starting south of the River Thames and east of the A3. The A2217 is an A road in London, England. It connects Clapham Common with Camberwell via Brixton. Brixton was due to be a major interchange of the South Cross Route, part of the London Ringways plan, which was cancelled in the 1970s. South Cross Route (SCR was the designation for the southern section of Ringway 1, the innermost circuit of the London Ringways network a complex and comprehensive The London Ringways were a series of four ring roads planned in the 1960s to circle London at various distances from the city centre


Buses

Brixton is a main meeting point for many London buses routes: 2, 3, 35, 37, 45, 59, 109, 118, 133, 159, 196, 250, 322, 333, 345, 355, 432, P4 and P5. London Buses is the subsidiary of Transport for London (TfL that manages bus services within Greater London, UK. London Buses route 2 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. London Buses route 3 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, United Kingdom. London Buses route 35 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, United Kingdom. London Buses route 37 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, United Kingdom. London Buses route 45 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, United Kingdom. London Buses route 59 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, United Kingdom. London Buses route 109 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, United Kingdom. London Buses route 118 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. London Buses route 133 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, United Kingdom. London Buses route 159 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, United Kingdom. London Buses route 196 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, United Kingdom. London Buses route 250 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, United Kingdom. London Buses route 333 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, United Kingdom. London Buses route 345 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, United Kingdom. London Buses route 432 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. This article is a list of Transport for London (T f L contracted London Bus routes in London, as well as commercial services that enter the Greater

Trams

Transport for London has proposed building the Cross River Tram from Camden Town to Brixton via central London. Transport for London ( TfL) is the local government body responsible for most aspects of the Transport system in Greater London in England. Cross River Tram (formerly Cross River Transit) is a Transport for London proposal for a Tram system in London, England, to connect Camden Town is the district of London, England around Camden High Street, in the London Borough of Camden.

Famous people from Brixton

Three people who have lived in Brixton have blue plaques marking their former homes:

Other notable people with Brixton connections include:

Mythology

External links

Footnotes

  1. ^ Surrey Domesday Book
  2. ^ http://www.transitiontowns.org/ Transition Towns wiki
  3. ^ Search Blue Plaques : Blue Plaques : Research & Conservation : English Heritage
  4. ^ Search Blue Plaques : Blue Plaques : Research & Conservation : English Heritage
  5. ^ x-ray spex official site/poly's biography 1
  6. ^ Paramedic to the planet | By genre | guardian.co.uk Books

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