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Brixham


Brixham Harbour

Brixham (Devon)
Brixham

Brixham shown within Devon
OS grid reference SX9255
Unitary authority Torbay
Ceremonial county Devon
Region South West
Constituent country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town BRIXHAM
Postcode district TQ5
Dialling code 01803
Police Devon and Cornwall
Fire Devon and Somerset
Ambulance South Western
European Parliament South West England
UK Parliament Totnes
List of places: UKEnglandDevon

Coordinates: 50°23′06″N 3°31′14″W / 50.3849, -3.5205

Brixham (pronounced /ˈbrɪksəm/) is a small town in the county of Devon, in the south-west of England. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government Geography There are three main towns around the bay Torquay in the north Paignton in the centre and Brixham in the south which have become connected The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one South West England is one of the Regions of England. It is the largest such region in terms of area and extends from Gloucestershire and Wiltshire to Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Torquay postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Brixham, Buckfastleigh, Dartmouth, Kingsbridge The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Devon and Cornwall Constabulary is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the counties of Devon and Cornwall in The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service or FRS, covering the counties of Devon and Somerset; it Divisions & Stations The trust is split into 2 divisions West - Devon and Cornwall including West Divisional HQ 999 and PTS Control at South West England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Totnes is a County constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a list of settlements and places of interest in Devon, England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Brixham is at the southern end of Torbay, across the bay from Torquay, and is a fishing port. Geography There are three main towns around the bay Torquay in the north Paignton in the centre and Brixham in the south which have become connected Torquay (tɔrˈkiː is a town in the Unitary authority of Torbay and ceremonial county of Devon, England. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Fishing and tourism are its major industries. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel

It is thought that the name 'Brixham' came from Brioc's village. 'Brioc' was an old English or Brythonic personal name and '-ham' is an ancient term for village. The Brythonic languages (or Brittonic languages or British languages) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family the other being

The town is hilly, and built around the harbour which remains in use as a dock for fishing trawlers; in addition, it has a focal tourist attraction in the replica of Sir Francis Drake's ship the Golden Hind that is permanently moored there. Sir Francis Drake, Vice Admiral, (c 1540 &ndash 27 January 1595 was an English Privateer, navigator, Slaver, and politician

In summer the Cowtown carnival is held, a reminder of when Brixham was two separate communities with only a marshy lane to connect them. Cowtown was the area on top of the hill where the farmers lived, while a mile away in the harbour was Fishtown, where the seamen lived. Cowtown, the St Mary's Square area, is on the road leaving Brixham to the south west, in the direction of Kingswear, upon which stands a church bulit on the site of a Saxon original. Kingswear is a Village and Civil parish in the South Hams area of the English county of Devon. The local Royal British Legion club is also here.

The main summer attraction in Cowtown these days is the Hap'nin in St. Mary's park. A music event that gets bigger and better every year. A brilliant day for both locals and visitors. It takes place in mid July, local bands rock the park till well after dark.

Contents

History

Brixham is where William III of Orange landed with his Dutch army, on 5th November, 1688, during the Glorious Revolution, and many local people still have Dutch surnames, being direct descendants of soldiers in that army. William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland in 1688 by a union A road leading from the harbour up a steep hill to where the Dutch made their camp, is still called Overgang, meaning 'transition' in Dutch.

The coffin house [1] reflects Brixham humour: it is coffin-shaped and when a father was asked for the hand in marriage of his daughter, he said he would 'see her in a coffin, before she wed'. The future son-in-law bought the coffin-shaped property, called it the Coffin House, and went back to the father and said 'Your wishes will be met, you will see your daughter in a coffin, the Coffin House'. Amazed by this, the father gave his blessing.

The street names reflect the town's history. Pump Street is where the village pump stood. Monksbridge was a bridge built by the monks of Totnes Priory. Totnes (ˈtɒtnɨs or /tɒtˈnɛs/ is a market town at the head of the estuary of the River Dart in Devon, England within the South Devon Area Lichfield Drive was the route that the dead (from the Anglo-Saxon ‘lich’ meaning a corpse) were taken for burial at St Mary’s churchyard. Salutation Mews, near that church, dates from when England was Catholic, and the salutation was to the Virgin Mary. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". Similarly, Laywell Road recalls Our Lady’s well. The first building seen when coming into Brixham from Paignton is the old white-boarded Toll House where all travellers had to pay a fee to keep the roads repaired. Paignton (ˈpeɪntən is a coastal town in Devon in England. Together with Torquay and Brixham it forms the Unitary authority of

The tower of All Saints' Church, founded in 1815, stands guard over the town. The composer of Abide With Me, Rev. Francis Lyte was a vicar at the church. " Abide with Me " is a Christian Hymn written by Henry Francis Lyte in 1847 while he lay dying from Tuberculosis; he survived only a Henry Francis Lyte ( June 1, 1793 - November 20, 1847) was an Anglican divine and hymn-writer He lived at Berry Head House, now a hotel, and when he was a very sick man, near to dying, he looked out from his garden as dusk fell over Torbay, and the words of that hymn came into his mind.

The main church is St. Mary's, about a mile from the sea. It is the third to have been on the site (which was an ancient Celtic burial ground). The original wooden Saxon church was replaced by a stone Norman church that was in its turn built over in about 1360. For other buildings in Normandy see Architecture of Normandy. Many of the important townspeople are buried in the churchyard.

Brixham was served by the short Torbay and Brixham Railway from Churston. The Torbay and Brixham Railway was a 7 ft 0¼ in Broad gauge railway which linked the Dartmouth and Torbay Railway at Churston railway station, Devon Churston railway station is on the Paignton and Dartmouth Steam Railway, a Heritage railway in Torbay, Devon, England. The line, opened in February 1868 to carry passengers and goods (mainly fish), was closed in May 1963 as a result of the Beeching Axe cuts. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Beeching Axe is an informal name for the British Government 's attempt in the 1960s to reduce the cost of running British Railways, the nationalised railway system Although the former line to Brixham is deserted and overgrown, the branch line through nearby Churston is now maintained and operated as a heritage railway by a team of volunteers as the Paignton and Dartmouth Steam Railway. A heritage railway ( United Kingdom) preserved railway ( United Kingdom) or tourist railroad ( United States and Canada) is a The Paignton & Dartmouth Steam Railway is a Heritage railway on the former Kingswear branch line between Paignton and Kingswear in Torbay

It is also the birthplace of the underdog style of martial arts, K1 Freestyle. [See Sports].

The Sea

Brixham is also notable for being the town where the fishing trawler was invented in the 19th century; their distinctive sails inspired the song "Red Sails in the Sunset", which was written aboard a Brixham sailing trawler called the Torbay Lass. "Red Sails in the Sunset" is a popular Song. The music was written by Hugh Williams ( Pseudonym for Will Grosz)

Looking west across Brixham Harbour
Looking west across Brixham Harbour

In the Middle Ages, Brixham was the largest fishing port in the south west of England. Known as the 'Mother of Deep-Sea Fisheries', its boats helped to establish the fishing industries of Hull, Grimsby and Lowestoft. Kingston upon Hull ( almost invariably referred Grimsby (or archaically Great Grimsby) is a Seaport on the Humber Estuary in Lincolnshire, England. Lowestoft (ˈləʊstɒft/ /ˈləʊstəf is a town in Suffolk, East Anglia, England, lying between the eastern edge of The Broads National Park In the 1890s there were about 300 trawling vessels in Brixham, most individually owned. The trawlers can still be seen coming in and out of the harbour, followed by flocks of seagulls. The fish market is open to the public on two special days in the summer, when the finer points of catching and cooking fish will be explained. The modern boats are diesel-driven, but several of the old sailing trawlers have been preserved. Diesel or Diesel fuel (ˈdiːzəl in general is any Fuel used in Diesel engines The most common is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum

Hundreds of ships have been wrecked on the rocks around the town. Brixham men have always known the dangers but even they were taken by surprise by a terrible storm that blew up on the night of 10th January, 1866. The fishing boats only had sails then and could not get back into harbour because gale force winds and the high waves were against them. To make things worse, the beacon on the breakwater was swept away, and in the black darkness they could not determine their position. According to local legend, their wives brought everything they could carry, including furniture and bedding, to make a big bonfire on the quayside to guide their men home. Fifty vessels were wrecked and more than one hundred lives were lost in the storm; when dawn broke the wreckage stretched for nearly three miles up the coast.

Hearing of this tragedy, the citizens of Exeter gave money to set up what became the RNLI's Torbay lifeboat, which has since rescued hundreds of people. Exeter ( (IPA ˈeksɪtər is a city, district and County town of Devon, England. The founder Sir William Hillary Sir William Hillary came to live on the Isle of Man in 1808 A lifeboat is a boat designed to save the lives of people in trouble at sea

Since 1866, Torbay lifeboat station, located in Brixham, has operated an all-weather lifeboat. The station also has an inshore D-class lifeboat. The crews have a remarkable history of bravery, with 52 awards for gallantry. The boathouse can be visited and memorials to the brave deeds seen; on special occasions visitors can go on board the boat. Two maroons (bangs) are the signal for the lifeboat to be launched.

Smuggling was more profitable than fishing, but if the men were caught, they were hanged. There are many legends about the local gangs and how they evaded the Revenue men. One humorous poem describes how a notorious local character, Bob Elliott ("Resurrection Bob"), could not run away because he had gout and hid in a coffin. Another villain was caught in possession but evaded capture by pretending to be the Devil, rising out of the morning mists. The Devil is the On another occasion when there was a cholera epidemic, some Brixham smugglers drove their cargo up from the beach in a hearse, accompanied by a bevy of supposed mourners following the cortege drawn by horses with muffled hooves. Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious Gastroenteritis caused by the Bacterium

The town's outer harbour is protected by a long breakwater, useful for sea angling. In winter this is a regular site for Purple Sandpiper birds. The Purple Sandpiper, Calidris or Erolia maritima is a small Shorebird. During the Second World War, a ramp and piers were built from which American servicemen left for the D-day landings. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States

To the south of Brixham, and sheltering the southern side of its harbour, lies the coastal headland of Berry Head with a lighthouse, Iron Age Fort and National Nature Reserve. Berry Head is a coastal headland at the southern end of Torbay, to the southeast of Brixham, Devon, England. This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. National Nature Reserve is a United Kingdom government Conservation designation for a Nature reserve of national significance for biological or earth science

Quarrying & Mining

Apart from fishing, most of the other local industries were connected with stone. Limestone was once quarried extensively and used to build the breakwater, for houses and roads, and was sent to Dagenham to make steel for Ford cars. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Dagenham is a suburban town in east London, in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, situated east of Charing Cross. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following It was also burnt in limekilns to reduce it to a powder which was spread on the land in other parts of Devon as an agricultural fertiliser. The old quarries and the limekilns can still be seen.

Another mineral found in Brixham is ochre. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Ochre or Ocher (pronounced /'əʊkə(r/ from the Greek ὠχρός yellow is a Color, usually described as golden - Yellow This gave the old fishing boats their "Red Sails in the Sunset", but the purpose was to protect the canvas from sea water. It was boiled in great caldrons, together with tar, tallow and oak bark. Tar is a viscous black Liquid derived from the Destructive distillation of organic matter Tallow is a rendered form of Beef or Mutton Fat, processed from Suet. The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin The latter ingredient gave its name to the barking yards which were places where the hot mixture was painted on to the sails, which were then hung up to dry.

The ochre was also used to make a very special paint. This was invented in Brixham in about 1845 and was the first substance in the world that would stop cast iron from rusting. Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Other types of paint were made here as well, and the works were in existence until 1961. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

There were iron mines at Brixham, and for a while they produced very high quality ore but the last one closed in 1925. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Most of the sites have been built over and there are now no remains of this once important industry.

War Times

Warships have been seen in Torbay from the days of the Vikings up until 1944 when part of the D-Day fleet sailed from here. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. D-Day may also refer to Decimal Day in the United Kingdom. D-Day is a term often used in Military parlance to denote In 1588 Brixham watched Sir Francis Drake attacking the Spanish Armada after he had (so the legend goes) finished his game of bowls on Plymouth Hoe. Sir Francis Drake, Vice Admiral, (c 1540 &ndash 27 January 1595 was an English Privateer, navigator, Slaver, and politician The Spanish Armada ( Spanish: Grande y Felicísima Armada, "Great and Most Fortunate Navy" or Armada Invencible, "Invincible Bowls (also known as Lawn Bowls or Lawn Bowling) is a precision Sport in which the goal is to roll slightly radially asymmetrical Balls Plymouth Hoe, referred to locally as the Hoe, is a large south facing open public space in the English coastal city of Plymouth. Today in Brixham harbour there is a one third-sized replica of the ship, the Golden Hind, in which Drake circumnavigated the globe; visitors can go on board.

For centuries, ships going down the English Channel have come into Torbay to seek refuge from the storms and to replenish food supplies. Sometimes these were merchants, taking cargoes to far away places and bringing back exotic goods and rare spices; sometimes they were carrying pilgrims, or gentlemen on the Grand Tour. The Grand Tour was the traditional travel of Europe undertaken by mainly upper-class European young men of means

Since the days of Henry VIII Brixham has played a part in the defence of the nation. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of The headland known as Berry Head is now a National Nature Reserve, but it is also a military site where guns were once positioned to defend the naval ships that were re-victualling at Brixham. Twelve guns were put there during the War of American Independence, but were removed when peace came in 1783. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Just ten years later, during a war with France, guns were again deployed around the town. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The major position was at Berry Head, but this time fortifications were built to defend the gun positions. These can still be seen, and are now some of the best preserved Napoleonic forts in the country. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe.

During the long series of wars against the French that began in 1689 and lasted until 1815, the Royal Navy came into Brixham to get supplies of fresh vegetables, beef and water. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) There might have been twenty or so of the big men-o'-war lying at anchor in Torbay, recovering from exploits of the sort described in the books about Hornblower, Bolitho or Jack Aubrey. A man-of-war (also man of war, man-o'-war or simply man) is an armed naval vessel Admiral of the Fleet Horatio Hornblower 1st Baron Hornblower, GCB, is a fictional protagonist of a series of Novels by C Richard Bolitho is a fictional Royal Navy officer who is the main character in a series of novels written by Douglas Reeman (using the pseudonym Alexander Kent Rear Admiral Sir John Aubrey, KB, MP, JP, FRS, is a Fictional character in the Aubrey&ndashMaturin series On the harbourside towards the marina there is a grey stone building which today is the Coastguard headquarters; then, it was the King's Quay where His Majesty's vessels were provisioned. Her Majesty's Coastguard is the service of the Government of the United Kingdom concerned with co-ordinating Rescue at sea Local farmers brought vegetables to ward off scurvy, and cattle were slaughtered and their meat packed into barrels. The water came from a big reservoir situated near the crossroads in the middle of town; from there a pipeline carried it under the streets and under the harbour to the King's Quay.

Many of the well-known Admirals of the day visited Brixham. Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks of the highest Naval officers Not only Nelson, but also Lord St. Vincent, Cornwallis, Hood, Rodney and Hawke. Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson 1st Viscount Nelson 1st Duke of Bronté, KB (29 September 1758– 21 October 1805 was a British Admiral of the Fleet John Jervis 1st Earl of St Vincent GCB PC RN ( 9 January 1735 &ndash 14 March 1823 Charles Cornwallis 1st Marquess Cornwallis ( 31 December 1738 &ndash 5 October 1805) was a British military commander and colonial For other related uses see Admiral Hood Samuel Hood 1st Viscount Hood ( 12 December 1724 &ndash 27 January Baron Rodney, of Rodney Stoke in the County of Somerset is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. Edward Hawke 1st Baron Hawke, KB ( February 21 1705 &ndash October 16 1781) was a naval officer of the Royal Navy There was also Earl Howe, who earned the nickname of Lord Torbay because he spent so much time ashore in Brixham. Richard Howe 1st Earl Howe KG ( 8 March, 1726 &ndash 5 August, 1799) was a British Admiral, notable in particular A notorious visitor was Napoleon Bonaparte, who, as a prisoner on HMS Bellerophon, spent several days off Brixham waiting to be taken to exile on St. Helena. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Early history She fought at the battle of The Glorious First of June, the Battle of the Nile and the Battle of Trafalgar, becoming one of the most Saint Helena (pronounced saint he-LEE-na) named after St Helena of Constantinople, is an island of volcanic origin and a British overseas territory

Battery Gardens have a military history leading back to the Napoleonic wars and the time of the Spanish Armada. The Spanish Armada ( Spanish: Grande y Felicísima Armada, "Great and Most Fortunate Navy" or Armada Invencible, "Invincible The emplacements and features seen here today are those of the Second World War and are of national importance. The site, listed by English Heritage, is recognised as one of the best preserved of its kind in the UK. Of the 116 ‘Emergency Coastal Defence Batteries’ set up in the UK in 1940, only seven remain intact. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Politics

In 2007 Brixham Parish Council was reestablished after a forty year gap, having peviously had its affairs run by Torbay council. Its duties are those of a standard English civil parish. A civil parish in the United Kingdom is a unit of local government. Its current (May 2007) members are:

with one seat vacant. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. In Politics, an independent is a Politician who is not Affiliated with any Political party. [1]

The late, former British Prime Minister, James Callaghan was educated partly at Furzeham Primary School. Leonard James Callaghan Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, KG, PC (27 March 1912 – 26 March 2005 was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979

Sport

Brixham is the birthplace of the 'underdog' style of martial arts, K1 Freestyle, which is constantly growing in popularity. Founded by Sean Webber & Tom Collins in 2005, this style combines techniques & principles from as many as 12 styles of martial arts, as well as their very own K1 Freestyle techniques, to bring the most up to date martial art available in the UK.

K1 Freestyle was originally taught under the BFMAT (Brixham Freestyle Martial Arts Team) & the TFCA (Torbay Freestyle Combat Association) [both founded by Sean Webber & Tom Collins), but is now being perfected without a governing organisation. [See External Links]

In 1874 Brixham Rugby union Football Club was founded and became one of the founder members of Devon RFU of which only 6 clubs are now left. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short They played Rugby on Furzeham Green until 1896 when they moved their present ground in New Gate Park(Now Astley Park). Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

Teenage football player Dan Gosling, of Plymouth Argyle was born and raised in Brixham, and is the fourth-youngest player to have ever played for Argyle aged 16 and 310 days. Daniel "Dan" Gosling (born 2 February 1990) is an English footballer who plays for Everton. For details of the current season see Plymouth Argyle FC season 2008-09 Plymouth Argyle Football Club, commonly known as Argyle

External links

References

  1. ^ "Jackie is top of the polls" in the Totnes Times, 9 may 2007, p. 4

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