Citizendia

Music of the United Kingdom
History Nationalities
Early popular music England
1950s and 60s Scotland
1970s Wales
1980s Ireland
1990s to present Caribbean and Indian
Genres: (Samples) Classical - Folk - Hip hop - Opera - Popular - Rock - Jazz
By year: 1999 - 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003
2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007
Awards Mercury, BRIT Awards, Gramophone Awards
Charts UK Singles Chart, UK classical chart, UK Albums Chart
Festivals Cambridge Folk Festival, Creamfields, Download Festival, Edinburgh International Festival, Eisteddfodd, Glastonbury Festival, Homelands, Isle of Wight Festival, Royal National Mod, The Proms, Reading and Leeds Festivals , T in the Park, V Festival
Media NME - Melody Maker - Mojo - Q - The Wire - The Gramophone
National anthem "God Save the Queen"
Regions and territories
Birmingham - Cornwall - Isle of Man - Manchester - Northumbria - Scotland - Somerset - Wales

Anguilla - Bermuda - Cayman Islands - Gibraltar - Montserrat - Turks and Caicos - Virgin Islands

Jazz in Britain has been performed in the country since shortly after the music's first appearance on record in 1917. Music from the United Kingdom has lost great popularity since the 1960s when a wave of musicians helped to popularise Rock and roll. The diverse Nations that now make up the United Kingdom were much more distinct from each other prior to modern times The roots of British popular music for the rest of the 20th century and into the next were set during the 1950s Scotland is internationally known for its traditional music which has remained vibrant throughout the 20th century when many traditional forms worldwide lost popularity to Pop music In the 1970s, music from the United Kingdom further diversified Wales has a strong and distinctive tradition of Folk music related to the Celtic music of countries such as Ireland and Scotland. In the early 1980s in the United Kingdom, Punk rock diversified into genres such as Gothic rock (e Irish Music is the generic term for music that has been created in various genres on the entire island of Ireland, North and South of the border In the early 1990s American grunge bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam helped inspire the British alternative rock scene Music from Trinidad Large-scale Caribbean migration to England began in 1948 The music of India' includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, and classical music. This article is concerned with Classical music in the sense elsewhere defined of formally composed and written music of chamber concert and church type as distinct from popular British hip hop is a genre of music, and a culture that covers a variety of styles of Hip hop music made in the United Kingdom. The history of Opera in the English language commences in the 17th century Music from the United Kingdom has lost great popularity since the 1960s when a wave of musicians helped to popularise Rock and roll. British rock and roll, or Brit rock, was born out of the influence of Rock and roll and Rhythm and blues from the United States, but added This is a summary of 1999 in music in the United Kingdom including the official charts from that year This is a summary of 2000 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year This is a summary of 2001 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year This is a summary of 2002 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year This is a summary of 2003 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year This article gives details on 2004 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year This is a summary of 2005 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts This is a summary of 2006 in music in the United Kingdom including the official single and album charts This is a summary of the year 2007 in British music. It was the first year of Digital downloads being fully integrated into the charts leading to many songs not The Mercury Prize, formerly the Mercury Music Prize and currently known as the Nationwide Mercury Prize for Sponsorship reasons is an annual music prize The BRIT Awards, often simply called The BRITs, are the British Phonographic Industry 's annual pop music awards The Gramophone Awards are one of the most significant honours bestowed on the classical Record industry, often referred to as the Oscars for classical The UK Singles Chart is compiled by The Official UK Charts Company (OCC on behalf of the British record industry The UK classical chart is a commercial monitoring and marketing device used by the UK music industry to measure its effectiveness in promoting and selling albums nominally in the field The UK Albums Chart is a list of Albums ranked by sales in the United Kingdom. There are a large number of music festivals in the United Kingdom, covering a wide variety of genres Cambridge Folk Festival is an annual Music festival held on the site of Cherry Hinton Hall in Cherry Hinton, one of the villages subsumed by the city of Creamfields is a large Dance music festival featuring DJs and live acts The Download Festival is a three day Music festival held annually at Donington Park (which hosted the Monsters of Rock Festivals between 1980 and 1996 The Edinburgh International Festival is a festival of Performing arts that takes place in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, over three weeks from around See also An eisteddfod (aɪˈstɛðvəd Welsh ə(iˈstɛðvɔd plural eisteddfodau or eisteddfods) is a Welsh Festival For the classical music and theatre festivals co-founded by Rutland Boughton between 1914 and 1926 see Glastonbury Festival (1914-1925 The For the Magic The Gathering expansion set see Homelands (Magic The Gathering. The Isle of Wight Festival is a Music festival which takes place annually on the Isle of Wight, England. The Royal National Mod, (Am Mòd Nàiseanta Rìoghail is the annual national mod, a festival of Scottish Gaelic song arts and culture The Proms, more formally known as The BBC Proms, or The Henry Wood Promenade Concerts presented by the BBC, is an eight-week summer season of daily Orchestral T in the Park is a major Music festival that has been held annually in Scotland since 1994 The V Festival is an annual music festival in England, the first to be held simultaneously at two sites - currently Hylands Park in Chelmsford and The New Musical Express (better known as the NME) is a Popular music Magazine in the United Kingdom which has been Melody Maker, published in the United Kingdom, was according to its publisher IPC Media, the world's oldest weekly Music Newspaper Mojo is a popular Music Magazine published by Bauer, monthly in the United Kingdom. Q is a Music Magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom, with a circulation of 130179 as of June 2007 The Wire is a British Avant garde music Magazine, founded in 1982 by jazz promoter Anthony Wood and journalist Chrissie Murray Gramophone is a magazine published monthly in London by Haymarket devoted to classical music and particularly recordings of classical A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's "God Save the Queen", or "God Save the King", is an anthem used in a number of Commonwealth realms It is the National This article is about Culture and the Arts in the city of Birmingham, England. Cornwall has been historically Celtic though Celtic-derived traditions had been Moribund for some time before being revived during a late 20th century Roots revival The Isle of Man is a small island nation in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. Manchester had an impressive music scene before 1976 with groups like The Hollies, The Bee Gees, Herman's Hermits, Wayne Fontana and The Mindbenders Here Northumbria is taken to mean the traditional counties of Northumberland, the northernmost county of England, and County Durham, Sunderland Scotland is internationally known for its traditional music which has remained vibrant throughout the 20th century when many traditional forms worldwide lost popularity to Pop music Somerset is a County in the southwest of England. The county has a well-documented and still vibrant Folk music heritage as it was studied by one of the Wales has a strong and distinctive tradition of Folk music related to the Celtic music of countries such as Ireland and Scotland. The music of Anguilla is part of the Lesser Antillean music area. Bermuda is an Atlantic island and an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, often treated as part of the Caribbean music area. The Cayman Islands a Caribbean island chain is a Crown Colony of the United Kingdom. Gibraltar is a British overseas territory with many musical influences Montserrat is a dependency of the United Kingdom. The influence of Irish traditions is apparent in Montserrat's symbols and heritage especially the Set dance -like The Turks and Caicos Islands are an overseas dependency of the United Kingdom. The music of the Virgin Islands reflects long-standing cultural ties to the island nations to the south as well as to various European colonialists A number of British musicians have gained international reputations, although adherents of this music have often felt embattled within the UK itself.

Contents

History

Jazz in Britain is usually said to have begun with the British tour of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band in 1919. Original Dixieland Jass Band (ODJB was a New Orleans band that made the first Jazz recording in 1917 Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common That stated, British popular music aficionados in the 1920s generally preferred the terms "hot" or "straight" dance music to the term "jazz. The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada " Jazz in Britain also faced a similar difficulty to Brazilian jazz and French jazz, namely it tended to be seen by figures of authority as a bad influence, but in Britain the concern that jazz was from the United States appears to have been less important than in France or Brazil. France has a long history with Jazz music Jazz began to become significant in France starting in the 1920s The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Instead those who objected to it did so more because they deemed it "riotous" or unnerving. One of the earliest popular jazz dance bands was that of Fred Elizalde, who broadcast on the BBC from 1926 to 1929. Federico "Fred" Elizalde (December 12 1907 Manila - January 16 1979 Manila was a Filipino pianist composer conductor and Bandleader.

By the early 1930s music journalism in Britain, notably through the Melody Maker, had created an appreciation of the importance of the leading American jazz soloists and was beginning to recognise the improvising talents of some local musicians. Melody Maker, published in the United Kingdom, was according to its publisher IPC Media, the world's oldest weekly Music Newspaper Louis Armstrong played residencies in London and Glasgow in 1932, followed in subsequent years by the Duke Ellington Orchestra and Coleman Hawkins. Louis Armstrong (August 4 1901 &ndash July 6 1971 nicknamed Satchmo or Sachimo and Pops, was an American Jazz Trumpeter Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29 1899 &ndash May 24 1974 was an American Composer, Pianist, and Bandleader. Coleman Randolph Hawkins ( November 21 1904 - May 19 1969) Nicknamed "Hawk" and sometimes "Bean" was a prominent But local jazz culture was limited to London where: "jazz was played after hours in a couple of restaurants that encouraged musicians to come in and jam for drinks". [1] The groups of Nat Gonella and Spike Hughes became notable within Britain early in the decade; Hughes was even invited to New York to arrange, compose and lead what, in effect, was Benny Carter's Orchestra of the time. Nathaniel Charles (Nat Gonella ( 7 March 1908 &ndash 6 August 1998) was an English Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader Patrick "Spike" Cairn Hughes (1908-1987 was a British Jazz Musician, Composer and Music journalist. The City of New York Bennett Lester Carter (born August 8, 1907 in Harlem New York; died July 12, 2003 in Los Angeles California) was Carter himself worked in London for the BBC in 1936.

During the 1930s most British jazz musicians made their living in dance bands of various kinds. Jazz became more important, and more separate as its own genre, in Britain during World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The war led to an increase in bands to entertain the troops and these bands began to refer to themselves as "jazz" groups more often. The period also saw an increased interest in American musicians who also toured in military bands. The future leading alto-saxophonist Art Pepper was among the visiting American musicians at this time. Art Pepper (b September 1 1925, Gardena California &ndash d June 15, 1982, Los Angeles California) born Arthur This all increased an interest in jazz which continued after the war.

In 1948 a group of young musicians including John Dankworth and Ronnie Scott, focused on the Club Eleven in London, began a movement toward "modern jazz" or Bebop. Sir John Phillip William Dankworth, CBE (born 20 September, 1927) often known as Johnny Dankworth, is an English Jazz Ronnie Scott ( January 28 1927, in Aldgate, East London &ndash December 23 1996) was a British Jazz Club Eleven was a Nightclub located in London between 1948 and 1950 Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody Significant instrumentalists in this early movement were trumpeter-pianist Denis Rose, pianist Tommy Pollard, saxophonist Don Rendell, and drummers Tony Kinsey and Laurie Morgan. Denis Rose (May 31 1922 London - November 22 1984 London) was an English Jazz pianist and trumpeter Donald Percy 'Don' Rendell (born March 4, 1926) is an English Jazz musician and arranger specialising on Tenor saxophone, but also playing Tony Kinsey (born 11 October 1927 in Sutton Coldfield) is an English Jazz drummer and composer Laurie Morgan is a Deputy of the States of Guernsey. He was Guernsey 's first Chief Minister and was elected to the post in May 2004 A movement in an opposite direction was revivalism, which became popular in the 1950s and was represented by musicians like Ken Colyer, George Webb and Humphrey Lyttelton, though Lyttelton gradually became more catholic in his approach. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive Kenneth 'Edward' Colyer ( April 18 1928 &ndash March 8 1988) was a British Jazz Trumpeter and Cornetist George Webb ( June 9, 1911 &ndash December 30, 1998) was an English Actor. Humphrey Richard Adeane Lyttelton (23 May 1921 – 25 April 2008 also known as Humph, was an English Jazz musician and broadcaster, and At this point both streams tended to emulate Americans, whether it be Charlie Parker for Beboppers or Joe "King" Oliver and other New Orleans musicians for traditionalists, rather than try to create a uniquely British form of jazz. Joe "King" Oliver, ( December 19, 1885 &ndash April 10, 1938) was a Jazz Cornet player and Bandleader

During the 1950s mass emigration into the UK, brought an influx of players from the Caribbean such as Joe Harriott and Harold McNair, though some, such as Dizzy Reece, found the shortage of genuine Jazz work frustrating - dance music remained popular - and migrated to the United States. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Joseph Arthurlin 'Joe' Harriott (born July 15 1928 in Kingston Jamaica - died January 2 1973 in Southampton, Harold McNair ( November 5 1931 in Kingston Jamaica – March 7 1971 in Maida Vale, North London) was a renowned Alphonso Son "Dizzy" Reece is a Hard bop Jazz trumpeter with a distinctive sound and compositional style British born players too, including George Shearing, active on the London scene since before the war, and Victor Feldman also chose to move across the Atlantic to develop their careers. Sir George Shearing OBE (b August 13, 1919) is a British Jazz Pianist who during the 1950s "had one of the Victor Stanley Feldman ( April 7, 1934 in Edgware, Middlesex – May 12, 1987, in Los Angeles, California

A domestic musicians' union ban on visiting American jazz musicians, initiated in the mid-thirties (Fats Waller had to visit the UK as a 'variety' act in 1938) was gradually relaxed from the mid-fifties onwards. The Musicians' Union of the United Kingdom is the second largest musicians' Trade union in the world Fats Waller (born Thomas Wright Waller on May 21, 1904 &mdash December 15, 1943) was an American jazz pianist This benefited the local scene as the often erratic availability of American records had meant that, unlike the rest of Europe, British jazz aficionados had long been unfamiliar with the most recent jazz developments in the music's country of origin. Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London, co-founded in 1959 by one of the earliest native proponents of bebop, was able to benefit from an exchange arrangement with the American Federation of Musicians (AFM), allowing regular visits from leading American players from 1961. Ronnie Scott ( January 28 1927, in Aldgate, East London &ndash December 23 1996) was a British Jazz Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody The American Federation of Musicians ( AFM / AFofM) is a labor union of Professional Musicians in the United States and A key musician, pianist Stan Tracey, developed his skills and gained regular employment from backing the visiting musicians. Stanley William Tracey CBE (born December 30, 1926, Denmark Hill, South London) is a British jazz pianist and composer

At around the same time, in the 1960s and 1970s British jazz began to have more varied influences. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. One important aspect being the South African jazz musicians that had left, or been expelled, from their home nation, including Chris McGregor, Dudu Pukwana, Mongezi Feza, Johnny Dyani, Harry Miller and later Julian Bahula. South African jazz is put most simply the jazz music of South Africa, also called "African jazz" often Christopher McGregor ( 24 December 1936 &ndash 26 May 1990) was a South African Jazz Pianist, Bandleader Mtutuzel Dudu Pukwana ( 18 July 1938 &ndash 30 June 1990) was a South African Saxophone player Pianist and Mongezi Feza (1945 &ndash 14 December 1975) was a South African Jazz Trumpet player and Flautist. Johnny Mbizo Dyani ( 30 November 1945 &ndash 24 October 1986) was a South African Jazz Double bassist and pianist Harold Simon 'Harry' Miller (born 25 April, 1941 in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa - died 16 December 1983

There was also a growth in free jazz inspired by European models more than from American music. For the Ornette Coleman album after which this genre was named see Free Jazz A Collective Improvisation. It helped to influence the development of a strong European identity in this field. South African and free jazz influences came together in projects like the Brotherhood of Breath big band, nominally led by McGregor. The Brotherhood of Breath was a big-band created by Chris McGregor at the end of the 1960s essentially an extension of McGregor's previous band The Blue Notes. Added to this, more musicians had been raised on rhythm and blues or English forms of rock and roll, which became increasingly significant to the genre. Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African These influences mixed in a way that led to British contemporary jazz of the time developing a distinctive identity distancing it to some extent from American styles. Highly original jazz composers such as Mike Westbrook, Graham Collier, Michael Garrick and Mike Gibbs began to make major contributions during the period and after. Michael John David 'Mike' Westbrook (born March 21, 1936 in High Wycombe) is a highly successful British Jazz Pianist, James Graham Collier (born February 21, 1937 in Tynemouth) is a jazz bandleader and composer Michael Garrick (born 30 May 1933) is an English Jazz Pianist and Composer, and a pioneer of poetry and jazz concerts Michael Gibbs is the name of Michael Gibbs (politician (1870-1943 Newfoundland lawyer and politician Michael Gibbs (jazz composer aka The local scene was not unaffected by, what elsewhere came to be known as, the British Invasion; the jazz audience was in numerical decline at this time. The British Invasion was the term applied by the news media — and subsequently by consumers — to the influx of Rock and roll, beat and pop performers One branch of this development was the creation of various British jazz fusion bands like Soft Machine, Nucleus, Colosseum, If, Henry Cow, Centipede, National Health, Ginger Baker's Air Force, to name a few. Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly Soft Machine was an English rock band from Canterbury, named after the book The Soft Machine by William S Nucleus were a pioneering Jazz-rock band from Britain who continued in different forms from 1969 to 1985 Colosseum is a British Progressive rock band formed in 1968 by drummer Jon Hiseman, tenor sax player Dick Heckstall-Smith and If was a Jazz-rock band formed in Britain in 1969 In the period spanning 1970-1975 they produced 8 studio-recorded albums and did some 17 tours of Europe the Henry Cow were an English Avant-garde rock group, founded at Cambridge University in 1968 by multi-instrumentalists Fred Centipede were a Jazz / Progressive rock / Canterbury sound Big band with more than 50 members organized and led by the British National Health was a Progressive rock band associated with the Canterbury scene. Ginger Baker's Air Force was a jazz-rock fusion band comprising Ginger Baker on drums Steve Winwood on organ and vocals Ric Grech on violin Some of the most significant musicians to emerge during this period include John McLaughlin and Dave Holland (both of whom joined Miles Davis's group), pianists Keith Tippett and John Taylor, saxophonists Evan Parker, Mike Osborne, John Surman and Alan Skidmore, and the Canadian-born trumpeter Kenny Wheeler who had settled in Britain. John McLaughlin (born January 4 1942 also Mahavishnu John McLaughlin is a Jazz fusion Guitarist and Composer from Doncaster, Dave Holland (born October 1, 1946) is a British Jazz Bassist and Composer who is a significant representative Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Keith Tippett (originally Keith Graham Tippetts, born August 25, 1947 in Bristol) is a British Jazz Pianist John Taylor (born in Manchester 25 September 1942) is a British jazz Pianist; he has occasionally performed on the organ and the Synthesizer Evan Shaw Parker (born 5 April 1944 in Bristol is a British free-improvising Saxophone player from the European free jazz Michael Evans Osborne ( 28 September 1941 &ndash 19 September 2007) was an English Jazz alto saxophonist, John Douglas Surman (born 30 August 1944 in Tavistock Devon, England) is a Jazz Saxophone, Bass clarinet Alan Skidmore (born Alan Richard James Skidmore, 21 April 1942, London) is a tenor saxophonist of Jazz and Blues Kenneth Vincent John Wheeler, CC, (born 14th January 1930 Toronto Canada is a Canadian Composer and Trumpet and Flugelhorn player

The 1980s saw a continuing development of distinctive styles. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. There was a new generation of Black British musicians entering jazz with Courtney Pine, Gary Crosby, Julian Joseph, and later Soweto Kinch and Jason Yarde, being noteworthy examples (many of these musicians were members of the Jazz Warriors). See also British African-Caribbean community, Caribbean British Black British is a term which has had different meanings and uses as a racial and political Courtney Pine (born 18 March 1964) is a British Jazz musician Gary Crosby b 26 January 1955, London England is a jazz bassist Julian Joseph (born 1966 is a Jazz Pianist, Bandleader, Composer, Arranger and broadcaster. Soweto Kinch is a British Jazz alto saxophonist and rapper. He was born in London in 1978 to a Bajan father who is a The Jazz Warriors were an all- black London -based group of Jazz musicians that made their debut in 1986 Loose Tubes was a very important group in re-energising the British scene. Loose Tubes was a big band based in Britain during the mid-to-late 1980s Many musicians from this band such as Django Bates, Iain Ballamy and Julian Argüelles have become important artists with highly developed individual musical voices. Django Bates (born October 2, 1960 in Beckenham, London, United Kingdom) is a composer virtuoso multi-instrumentalist and band Iain Ballamy (born February 20, 1964 in Guildford, Surrey) is a British soprano alto and tenor Saxophone player Julian Argüelles (born January 28, 1966 in Birmingham, UK is a saxophonist

The Jazz Centre Society was founded in 1969 to develop a national centre for jazz in London and efforts to secure and fund premises for the centre continued until 1984; the JCS's many jazz promoting activities in London, Manchester and elsewhere survive as Jazz Services Ltd [2]. Similar promotional organisations such as Platform Jazz in Scotland were formed in the 1970s to widen opportunities to hear and play jazz. [3] The music continued to be presented in a wide range of venues in major British cities, but with most activity still focused in London. A National Jazz Archive was set up with its base at Loughton Library in Essex. [4] Today it is the main location for jazz documentation in Britain, with rapidly expanding collections. The expansion of jazz from the 1980s was also marked by the launch of Jazz FM and the opening of the Jazz Cafe, Camden. Both of these gradually ceased to concern themselves primarily with jazz and the radio station was renamed Smooth FM in 2005. A new national digital jazz radio station The Jazz began operations at Christmas 2006, dedicated to broadcasting jazz in most styles, but was closed by its parent company in February 2008. theJazz was a British commercial Jazz digital radio station. The station was run by GCap Media and launched on Christmas Day However, new venues continue to open.

In recent years Funk and hip hop have become an influence on parts of Britain's jazz scene. Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos. At the same time, Black British traditions in jazz have been strengthened, in part, by the 'rediscovery' and celebration in the 2000s of Jamaican altoist Joe Harriott's once-neglected music and by the publication of books about him and his close collaborator, bassist Coleridge Goode. Joseph Arthurlin 'Joe' Harriott (born July 15 1928 in Kingston Jamaica - died January 2 1973 in Southampton, Coleridge George Emerson Goode (born November 29, 1914) is a former British Jamaican-born Jazz Bassist most noteworthy for his long The effect has been to make Harriott, posthumously, a powerful symbol of Black British jazz achievement and identity.

There are more opportunities now for students to specialise in jazz whether at basic learner level [5] or at major conservatoires around the country, such as the Royal Academy of Music,Guildhall School of Music , Trinity College of Music and Middlesex University in London, Birmingham Conservatoire and Leeds College of Music. The Royal Academy of Music in London, England, is a well known conservatoire and one of the leading music institutions in the world Guildhall School of Music and Drama is an independent music and dramatic arts school which was founded in 1880 in London, England. Trinity College of Music is one of the London music conservatoires, based in Greenwich. Birmingham Conservatoire is an international conservatoire. Prior to 1989 it was known as the Birmingham School of Music Leeds College of Music, located in Leeds ’ Quarry Hill cultural quarter is the largest music college in the United Kingdom, with over

References

  1. ^ Collier, James Lincoln (1984). Louis Armstrong. Pan. ISBN 0-330-28607-2.  , p250
  2. ^ The Jazz Site. Retrieved on 2008-05-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
  3. ^ Meet Scottish Bassist Ronnie Rae. All About Jazz. Retrieved on 2008-05-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
  4. ^ National Jazz Archive. Retrieved on 2008-05-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
  5. ^ Jazz Exams from the Ascociated Board. Retrieved on 2008-05-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John

Bibliography

Jazz publications

Jazz publications in the UK have had a chequered history.

British jazz musicians

British Jazz Record Labels

External links

Television Documentary

See also

The Canterbury scene (or Canterbury sound) is a term used to loosely describe the group of Progressive rock, Avant-garde and jazz musicians many of whom The Jazz Warriors were an all- black London -based group of Jazz musicians that made their debut in 1986
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