In Great Britain, the Iron Age lasted from about the 7th century BC until the Roman conquest and until the 5th century in non-Romanised parts. The history of the British Isles has witnessed intermittent periods of competition and cooperation between the people that occupy the various parts of Great Britain, Prehistoric Britain was a period in the human occupation of Great Britain that was the later part of Prehistory, conventionally ending with the Roman invasion In Great Britain, the Bronze Age is considered to have been the period from around 2700 to 700 BC. Archaeology and Geology continue to reveal the secrets of prehistoric Scotland, uncovering a complex and dramatic past before the Romans brought Scotland Prehistoric Wales in terms of human settlements covers the period from about 230000 years ago the date attributed to the earliest human remains found in what is now Wales Prehistory Mesolithic (8000 BC - 4500 BC What little is known of pre- Christian Ireland comes from a few references in Roman writings Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 Up to and during the Roman occupation of Britain, the native inhabitants of Roman Britain spoke Brythonic languages (a sub-family of the Celtic languages Sub-Roman Britain is a term derived from an Archaeologists ' label for the material culture of Britain in Late Antiquity. The history of Ireland begins with the first known settlement in Ireland around 8000 BC when Hunter-gatherers arrived from Great Britain and continental The Early Medieval era in Ireland from 800 to 1166 is characterised by Viking raids then settlement in what had become a stable and wealthy country This period in Ireland's history was marked by the dominance of the so-called Protestant Ascendancy. Great Britain during the Middle Ages (from the 5th century withdrawal of Roman forces from the province of Britannia The Early Middle Ages, a period which corresponds in part with Early Historic Scotland and the Later Iron Age, is that era of Scottish pre-history and The history of Scotland in the High Middle Ages covers Scotland in the era between the death of Domnall II in 900 AD and the death of king Alexander III The history of Scotland in the Late Middle Ages might be said to be dominated by the twin themes of crisis and transition The Norman invasion of Wales began shortly after the Norman invasion of England. Wales in the Late Middle Ages covers the period from the death of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd in late 1282 to the incorporation of Wales into England by the Laws in Wales Acts Gaelic Ireland was the political order that existed in Ireland prior to the Norman invasion and that ran in parallel to the subsequent nominal Lordship The later medieval period in Ireland (" Norman Ireland " was dominated by the Cambro-Norman invasion of the country in 1171. Early Modern Britain is the History of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th 17th and 18th centuries Early Modern Ireland saw the first full conquest of Ireland by England and its colonization with Protestant settlers from England and Scotland The history of the United Kingdom — British history — as an unified Sovereign state begins with the legistlative union between the kingdoms of England The history of Ireland begins with the first known settlement in Ireland around 8000 BC when Hunter-gatherers arrived from Great Britain and continental Northern Ireland was established as a distinct region of the United Kingdom on 3 May 1921 under the terms of the Government of Ireland Act 1920. From 1801 to 1922 the whole island of Ireland formed a constituent part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (UK The Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann (1922&ndash1937 was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by The country of Wales, or Cymru in Welsh has been inhabited by modern humans for at least 29000 years though continuous human habitation The history of England is similar to the history of Britain until the arrival of the Saxons The history of Ireland begins with the first known settlement in Ireland around 8000 BC when Hunter-gatherers arrived from Great Britain and continental Northern Ireland was established as a distinct region of the United Kingdom on 3 May 1921 under the terms of the Government of Ireland Act 1920. The Republic of Ireland first became an independent state on 6 December 1922 The Isle of Man has been the scene of human occupation since the end of the Last glacial period over 10000 years ago The history of Scotland begins around 10000 years ago when Humans first began to inhabit Scotland after the end of the Devensian glaciation, the last The country of Wales, or Cymru in Welsh has been inhabited by modern humans for at least 29000 years though continuous human habitation The Bailiwick of Guernsey (Bailliage de Guernesey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy. The island of Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy that held sway in both France and Prehistoric Orkney See also Prehistoric Orkney As with Prehistoric Scotland generally the arrival of Hunter gatherers in Orkney had to The British Isles have a long history of migration from across Europe, starting in the Palaeolithic period The Constitution of the United Kingdom is said to be uncodified. Irish states have existed under a number of different names for nearly a thousand years This is a history of the economy of the United Kingdom and of the countries that joined to form it in 1707 and 1801 To 1800 The first settlers in Ireland were seafarers who survived largely by Fishing, Hunting and gathering. The military history of the United Kingdom covers the period from the birth of the united Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 with the political union of England and The History of English society demonstrates innumerable changes over many centuries The Maritime history of the United Kingdom involves events including Shipping, Ports Navigation, and seamen, as well as marine See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. The 7th century BC started the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC. This page refers to the conquest begun in AD 43 For other Roman invasions see Caesar's invasions of Britain and Carausian Revolt. The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or This period is also called the era of Celtic Britain^[1], as opposed to Roman Britain or the later Anglo-Saxon England. Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 The History of Anglo-Saxon England covers the history of Early medieval England from the end of Roman Britain and the establishment of Anglo-Saxon Attempts to understand the human behaviour of the period have traditionally focused on Great Britain's geographic position and its landscape, along with the channels of influence coming from continental Europe. Landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land including physical elements such as Landforms living elements of flora and fauna abstract elements such as lighting Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the Continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European

During the later Bronze Age there are indications of new ideas influencing land use and settlement. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for Land use' is also often used to refer to the distinct land use types in Zoning. Colonisation (also known as Colonization) occurs whenever any one or more species populates a new area Extensive field systems, now called Celtic fields, were being set out and settlements becoming more permanent and focused on better exploitation of the land. The study of field systems (collections of fields in Landscape history is concerned with the size shape and orientation a number of fields Celtic fields are a popular name for the traces of early agricultural Field systems found in the British Isles. The central organisation to undertake this had been present since the Neolithic but it was now being targeted at economic and social goals and in taming the landscape rather than to build large ceremonial structures such as Stonehenge. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area Definition In the absence of agreement about its meaning the term "social" is used in many different senses referring among other things to attitudes Stonehenge is a Prehistoric Monument located in the English county of Wiltshire, about west of Amesbury and north of Salisbury Long ditches, some many miles in length, were dug with enclosures placed at their ends. In Archaeology, an enclosure is one of the most common types of Archaeological site. They are thought to indicate territorial borders and a desire to increase control over wide areas. Borders define geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions such as Governments States or subnational administrative

By the eighth century BC, there is increasing evidence of Great Britain being closely tied to continental Europe especially in the south and east. The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. New weapon types appeared with clear parallels to those on the continent such as those of the Carp's tongue sword complex examples of which are found all over Atlantic Europe. Bronze Age Swords appear from around the 17th century BC, evolving out of the Dagger. }} Atlantic Europe is a geographical and anthropological term for the western portion of Europe which borders the Atlantic Ocean. Phoenician traders likely began visiting Great Britain in search of minerals around this time, bringing with them goods from the Mediterranean. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific At the same time, northern European artefact types reached eastern Great Britain in large quantities from across the North Sea. Northern Europe is a term for the northern part of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as (Finland In Archaeology, an artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf.

Within this context, the climate became considerably wetter forcing the Bronze Age farmsteads which had grown on upland areas relocate to lowland sites. The Climate of the United Kingdom is classified as a mid-latitude Oceanic climate ( Koppen climate classification Cfb) with warm summers The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for

The people of Iron Age Great Britain

Main article: Iron Age tribes in Britain

The Roman historian Tacitus described the Britons as being descended from people who had arrived from the continent (which at that time was dominated by the Celts), comparing the Caledonians in modern-day Scotland to their Germanic neighbours, the Silures of southern Wales to Iberian settlers and the inhabitants of south east Britannia to Gaulish tribes. The names of the Iron Age tribes in Britain were recorded by Roman and Greek historians and geographers especially Ptolemy, although information from coin Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (ca 56 &ndash ca 117 was a senator and a Historian of the Roman Empire. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Caledonians ( Latin: Caledonii) or Caledonian Confederacy, is a name given by historians to a group of the Indigenous Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European -speaking peoples originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic The Silures were a powerful and warlike Tribe of ancient Britain, occupying approximately the counties of Monmouthshire, Breconshire and The Iberians were a set of peoples that Greek and Roman sources (among others Hecataeus of Miletus, Avienus, Herodot and Strabo Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western This migrationist view long informed later views of the origins of the British Iron Age and indeed the making of the modern nations. Migrationism is an approach to explaining changes in past societies based on the theory that movements of people from one region to another can account for changes in the Culture Linguistic evidence inferred from the surviving Celtic languages in northern and western Great Britain appeared to back this idea up and the changes in material culture which archaeologists observed during later prehistory were routinely ascribed to a new wave of invaders. Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic"

By the 1960s this view had fallen from favour as it was argued that changes in language and artefact types could not necessarily be attributed to large, long distance population movements. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Ideas can be transported more easily than people and can account for many changes in the archaeological record. Linguistic differences are now thought to have first appeared during the Bronze Age and be the result of northern Great Britain's isolation from continental influence. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for The numerous finds of swords and other weaponry were originally attributed to a warlike society but are now interpreted as items of social status, perhaps given as diplomatic gifts between tribes.

There was certainly a large migration of people from central Europe westwards during the early Iron Age but whether or not people from this movement actually reached Great Britain in significant enough numbers to constitute an invasion is in question. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The arrival in Kent of the Belgae in the first century BC still requires explanation under any non-invasionist theory however. KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format The Belgae were a group of tribes living in northern Gaul in the 1st century BC and later also attested in Britain. The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC.

Population estimates vary but the number of people in Iron Age Great Britain could have been three or four million by 150 BC with most concentrated densely in the agricultural lands of the south. Settlement density and a land shortage may have contributed to rising tensions during the period.

Between c. 400 and 100 BC there is evidence of emerging regional identities and a significant population increase. Early in the Iron Age, the widespread Wessex pottery of southern Great Britain such as the type style from All Cannings Cross may suggest a consolidated socio-economic group in the region. All Cannings Cross is the name of farm and an Archaeological site close to All Cannings near Devizes in the English county of Wiltshire However, by 600 BC this appears to have broken down into differing sub-groups with their own pottery styles.

Iron Age settlements in Great Britain

The tribes of Iron Age Britain and Ireland according to Ptolemy and other classical sources. Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca

Archaeological evidence

Defensive structures dating from this time are often impressive, for example the brochs of northern Scotland and the hill forts that dotted the rest of the islands. A Broch is an Iron Age Drystone hollow-walled structure of a type found only in Scotland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. A hill fort is a fortified refuge or defended settlement Examples of hill forts include Maiden Castle, Dorset and Danebury in Hampshire. Maiden Castle is a Hill fort, mostly dating from the Iron Age, in the Civil parish of Winterborne Monkton, situated 2 Miles south Danebury is an Iron Age Hill fort in Hampshire in England, around 12 miles north west of Winchester. Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain Hill forts first appeared in Wessex between 550 and 400 BC in a simple univallate form and often connected with the earlier enclosures attached to the long ditch systems. West Saxon redirects here For other meanings of Wessex or West Saxon see Wessex (disambiguation. Few hill forts have been substantially excavated in the modern era, Danebury being a notable exception but it appears that they were used for domestic purposes with examples of food storage, industry and occupation being found within their earthworks. They may have been only occupied intermittently however as it is difficult to reconcile permanently occupied hill forts with the lowland farmsteads and their roundhouses found during the twentieth century such as at Little Woodbury and Rispain Camp. The roundhouse is a type of house with a circular plan built in western Europe before the Roman occupation Little Woodbury is the name of an important Iron Age Archaeological site near Salisbury in the English county of Wiltshire. Rispain Camp is the remains of a fortified farmstead 1 mile west of Whithorn, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.

The presence of hill forts is possibly because of greater tension between better structured groups, although there are suggestions that in the latter phases of the Iron Age they existed simply to indicate wealth. Alternatively, they may have served as wider centres used for markets and social contact. Either way, during the Roman occupation the evidence suggests that as defensive structures they proved to be of little use against concerted Roman attack. Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 Some continued as settlements for the newly conquered Britons. Some were also reused by later cultures, such as the Saxons, in the early Medieval period. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south

Ptolemy's Albion

Claudius Ptolemy described Iron Age Britain at the beginning of Roman rule, but incorporating material from earlier sources. Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca ^[2]

Iron Age beliefs in Great Britain

Series on Celtic mythology

Celtic polytheism Celtic deities

Ancient Celtic religion

Druids · Bards · Vates British Iron Age religion Celtic religious patterns Gallo-Roman religion Romano-British religion

Brythonic mythology

Welsh mythology Breton mythology Mabinogion · Taliesin Cad Goddeu Trioedd Ynys Prydein Matter of Britain · King Arthur

Gaelic mythology

Irish mythology Scottish mythology Hebridean mythology Tuatha Dé Danann Mythological Cycle Ulster Cycle Fenian Cycle Immrama · Echtrae

See also

Celts · Gaul Galatia · Celtiberians Early history of Ireland Prehistoric Scotland Prehistoric Wales Index of related articles This box: view • talk • edit

The Romans recorded a variety of deities worshipped by the people of north western Europe. The Novantae and Selgovae were peoples of the early second century who lived in what is now Galloway, in southwestern-most Scotland. Rheged IPA r̥ɛgɛd was a Brythonic kingdom of Sub-Roman Britain, whose inhabitants spoke Cumbric, a dialect of Brythonic closely related The Novantae and Selgovae were peoples of the early second century who lived in what is now Galloway, in southwestern-most Scotland. Trimontium is the name of a Roman fort at Newstead, near Melrose, Borders, Scotland, close under the three Eildon Celtic mythology is the Mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the Religion of the Iron Age Celts Like other Iron Age Celtic polytheism refers to the religious beliefs and practices of ancient Celts, prior to the Christianization of the Celtic-speaking lands The Gods and Goddesses or deities of the Celts are known from a variety of sources these include written Celtic mythology, ancient A druid was a member of the priestly and learned class in the ancient Celtic societies Etymology The word is a Loanword from descendant languages of Proto-Celtic *bardos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gwerh2 The earliest Latin writers used vates to denote "prophets" and soothsayers in general the word fell into disuse in Latin until it was revived by Virgil In Britain and Ireland the Iron Age lasted from about the 7th century BC until the Roman conquest and until the 5th century in non- Romanised Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Gallo-Roman religion was a fusion of Roman religious forms and modes of worship with Gaulish deities from Celtic polytheism. Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 Welsh mythology, the remnants of the Mythology of the pre Christian Britons, has come down to us in much altered form in medieval Welsh manuscripts Breton mythology is the Mythology or corpus of explanatory and herioc tales originating in Brittany, now in France. Taliesin (c 534 – c 599 (spelled as Taliessin in Alfred Lord Tennyson 's Idylls of the King and in some subsequent works was a Brythonic Cad Goddeu ( English: The Battle of the Trees) is a poem from the Book of Taliesin in which the legendary enchanter Gwydion The Welsh Triads ( Welsh Trioedd Ynys Prydein, literally "Triads of the Island of Britain " are a group of related texts in Medieval The Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the Legends that concern the Celtic and legendary History of Great Britain, especially those King Arthur is a legendary British leader who according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against the Saxon invaders The Mythology of pre-Christian Ireland did not entirely survive the conversion to Christianity, but much of it was preserved shorn of its religious meanings Scottish mythology may refer to any of the mythologies of Scotland. The Inner and Outer Hebrides off the western coast of Scotland are made up of a great number of large and small islands The Tuatha Dé Danann ("peoples of the Goddess Danu " Modern Irish pronunciation /t̪ˠuːəhə dʲeː d̪ˠan̪ˠən̪ˠ/ Old Irish /tuːaθa ðʲeː The Mythological Cycle is one of the four major cycles of Irish mythology, and is so called because it represents the remains of the pagan Mythology of Texts in translation Most of the important Ulster Cycle tales can be found in the following publications Thomas Kinsella, The Táin, Oxford University The Fenian Cycle or Fiannaidheacht (modern Irish Fiannaíocht) also known as the Fionn Cycle, Finn Cycle, Fianna Cycle, Finnian An Immram (plural Immrama; Modern Irish: iomramh) is one of a class of Old Irish tales concerning a hero's sea journey to the Otherworld An Echtra or Echtrae (pl Echtrai) is one of a category of Old Irish literature about a hero's adventures in the Otherworld (see Tír na Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Ancient Galatia was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia in modern Turkey. The Celtiberians (or Celt-Iberians were a Celtic people of Hallstatt culture Prehistory Mesolithic (8000 BC - 4500 BC What little is known of pre- Christian Ireland comes from a few references in Roman writings Archaeology and Geology continue to reveal the secrets of prehistoric Scotland, uncovering a complex and dramatic past before the Romans brought Scotland Prehistoric Wales in terms of human settlements covers the period from about 230000 years ago the date attributed to the earliest human remains found in what is now Wales Barry Cunliffe perceives a division between one group of gods relating to masculinity, the sky and individual tribes and a second, female group of goddesses with associations with fertility, the earth and a universality that transcended tribal differences. Sir Barrington Windsor Cunliffe CBE (b) known as Barry Cunliffe, was Professor of European Archaeology at the University of Oxford from 1972 Wells and springs had female, divine links exemplified by the goddess Sulis worshipped at Bath. In localised Celtic polytheism practiced in Britain Sul or Sulis was the deification of the thermal spring-water of Bath Somerset, where she was worshipped Bath is a city in Somerset in the south west of England It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. Julius Cæsar wrote of superstition playing a strong role in Gaulish religion and this is likely to have been mirrored in Great Britain.

Religious practices revolved around offerings and sacrifices, sometimes human but more often involving ritual slaughter of animals or the deposition of metalwork, especially war booty. Weapons and horse trappings have been found in the bog at Llyn Cerrig Bach on Anglesey and are interpreted as votive offerings cast into a lake. Llyn Cerrig Bach is a small lake in the north-west of the island of Anglesey, Wales. History There are numerous Megalithic monuments and Menhirs present on Anglesey testifying to the presence of mankind in prehistory A votive deposit or votive offering is an object left in a Sacred place for Ritual purposes Numerous weapons have also been recovered from rivers especially the Thames but also the Trent and Tyne. The Thames ( is a major River flowing through southern England. The River Trent is one of the major rivers of England. Its source is in Staffordshire between Biddulph and Biddulph Moor. The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. Some buried hoards of jewellery are interpreted as gifts to the earth gods. In Archaeology, a Hoard is a collection of artifacts purposely buried in the ground

Disused grain storage pits and the ends of ditches have also produced what appear to be deliberately placed deposits including a preference for burials of horses, dogs and ravens. The bodies were often mutilated and some human finds at the bottom of pits such as those found at Danebury may have had a ritual aspect. Danebury is an Iron Age Hill fort in Hampshire in England, around 12 miles north west of Winchester.

The priesthood of this religion was the Druids. A druid was a member of the priestly and learned class in the ancient Celtic societies Caesar's texts tell us that they were a religious elite with considerable holy and secular powers. Great Britain appears to have been the seat of the Druidic religion and Tacitus' account of the later raid on Anglesey led by Suetonius Paulinus gives some indication of its nature. Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, also spelled Paullinus, (flourished 1st century) was a Roman general No archaeological evidence survives of Druidry although a number of burials made with ritual trappings and found in Kent may suggest a religious character to the subjects. KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format

Overall the traditional view is that religion was practised in natural settings in the open air. Several sites interpreted as Iron Age shrines however seem to contradict this view which may derive from Victorian and later Celtic romanticism. Sites such as at Hayling Island in Hampshire and that found during construction work at Heathrow airport are interpreted as purpose-built shrines. Hayling Island is an Island off the south coast of England, in the borough of Havant in the county of Hampshire. Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain The Hayling Island example was a circular wooden building set within a rectangular precinct and was rebuilt in stone as a Romano-British temple in the first century AD to the same plan. Romano-British culture is that of the Romanized Britons under the Roman Empire and later the Western Roman Empire, and of those exposed to Roman culture in the years The Heathrow temple was a small cella surrounded by a ring of postholes thought to have formed an ambulatory which is very similar to Romano-Celtic temples found elsewhere in Europe. For the Spanish town see Cella Spain Naos redirects here For other meanings see Naos (disambiguation. In Archaeology a posthole is a cut feature used to hold a surface timber or stone The ambulatory (Med Lat ambulatorium a place for Walking, from ambulare, to walk is the covered passage around a Cloister; a term applied sometimes

Death in Iron Age Great Britain seems to have produced different behaviours in different regions. Cremation was a method of disposing of the dead although the chariot burials and other inhumations of the Arras culture of East Yorkshire, and the cist burials of Cornwall, demonstrate that it was not ubiquitous. Chariot burials are Tombs in which the deceased was buried together with his Chariot, usually including his (more rarely her Horses and other possessions Burial, also called interment and inhumation, is the act of placing a person or object into the ground The Arras culture is a name given by Archaeologists to an Iron Age culture from what is today eastern Yorkshire. In fact, the general dearth of excavated Iron Age burials makes drawing conclusions difficult. Excarnation has been suggested as a reason for the lack of burial evidence with the remains of the dead being dispersed either naturally or through human agency. In Archaeology and Anthropology the term excarnation refers to the burial practice adopted by some societies of removing the flesh of the dead, leaving

The economy of Iron Age Great Britain

Trade links developed in the Bronze Age and beforehand provided Great Britain with numerous examples of continental craftsmanship. Swords especially were imported, copied and often improved upon by the natives. Early in the period Hallstat slashing swords and daggers were a significant import although by the mid sixth century the volume of goods arriving seems to have declined, possibly due to more profitable trade centres appearing in the Mediterranean. The Hallstatt culture was the predominant La Tène culture items (usually associated with the Celts) appeared in later centuries and again these were adopted and adapted with alacrity by the locals. The La Tène culture was a European Iron Age culture named after the archaeological site Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts

There also appears to have been a collapse in the bronze trade during the early Iron Age, evidenced by the increase in buried hoards which may have been an attempt to control the supply of the material. Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus In Archaeology, a Hoard is a collection of artifacts purposely buried in the ground

Exports certainly included British weaponry which has been found on the continent although this may represent the diplomatic links discussed above. Hengistbury Head in Dorset had a large natural harbour that was an important port for the import and export of goods with the Roman world. Hengistbury Head is a headland jutting into the English Channel between Bournemouth and Christchurch in the English county of Dorset ( (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast The products which Strabo, the Greek geographer recorded describe Great Britain as providing "grain, cattle, gold silver, iron, hides, slaves and hunting dogs" ^[3]. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher.

Tens of thousands of coins from the Iron Age have been found in Great Britain. Some, such as gold staters, were imported from mainland Europe others such as the potin's of south east England were crude copies of Greek and Roman originals. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 The stater was an ancient coin of Greek or Lydian origin which circulated from about 700 BCE to 50 CE The British tribal kings also adopted the continental habit of putting their names on the coins they had minted. A native quarter stater entered circulation in the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age. Hoards of Iron Age coins include the Silsden Hoard in West Yorkshire found in 1998. In Archaeology, a Hoard is a collection of artifacts purposely buried in the ground The Silsden Hoard is an assemblage containing 27 Gold Coins of late British Iron Age date and a Roman finger ring West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Of examples that were entirely minted locally a large hoard from the Corieltauvi tribe was found in Leicestershire in 2002. The Corieltauvi (formerly thought to be called the Coritani) were a tribe of people living in Britain prior to the Roman conquest, and thereafter a Leicestershire (ˈlɛstəʃə(r or ˈlɛstəʃɪə(r abbreviation Leics See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.

The end of Iron Age in Great Britain

Historically speaking, the Iron Age in Great Britain ended with the Roman invasion. This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. This page refers to the conquest begun in AD 43 For other Roman invasions see Caesar's invasions of Britain and Carausian Revolt. In areas where Roman rule was not strong or was non-existent, Iron Age beliefs and practices continued for centuries. Even in southern Great Britain, earlier place names survived indicating that Latin ways had not entirely removed the pre-Roman culture. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Notes

See also

• Iron Age tribes in Britain

External links

• A site with a focus on Iron Age Britain from resourcesforhistory. The names of the Iron Age tribes in Britain were recorded by Roman and Greek historians and geographers especially Ptolemy, although information from coin com