The Bristol Jupiter was a British 9-cylinder one-row piston radial engine built by Bristol Aeroplane Company. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion Engine configuration in which the cylinders point outward from a central The Bristol Aeroplane Company, originally British and Colonial Aeroplane Company was a major British aviation company Originally designed late in World War I, a lengthy series of upgrades and developments turned it into one of the finest engines of its era. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All It was widely used on many aircraft designs though the 1920s and 30s. It was also built under license in France (as the Gnome-Rhône Jupiter), Poland (as the PZL Bristol Jupiter), Italy (as the Alfa Romeo 126-RC35)^[1] and in the Soviet Union (as the M-22). Thousands of Jupiters of all versions were produced.

Contents 1 History 2 Specifications (Jupiter) 3 Applications 4 Notes 5 See also

History

The Jupiter was designed during World War I by Roy Fedden of Cosmos Engineering. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Sir Roy Fedden * 1885 † 1973 was an Engineer who designed most of Bristol Engine Company 's successful Aircraft engine designs Cosmos Engineering was a company that manufactured Aeroengines in a factory in Fishponds, Bristol during World War I. During the rapid downscaling of military spending after the war, Cosmos went bankrupt in 1920, and was eventually purchased by Bristol Aeroplane Company on the strengths of the Jupiter design and the encouragement of the Air Ministry. Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their Creditors Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar The Bristol Aeroplane Company, originally British and Colonial Aeroplane Company was a major British aviation company The Air Ministry was formerly a department of the British Government with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force. The engine matured into one of the most reliable on the market. Production started in 1918 and ceased in 1930. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The Jupiter was fairly standard in design, but featured four valves per cylinder, which was uncommon at the time. The cylinders were machined from steel forgings, and the cast heads were later replaced with aluminium alloy following studies by the RAE. The Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE England, was a British research establishment latterly under the UK Ministry of Defence In 1927, a change was made to a forged head due to the rejection rate of the castings. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

In 1925, Fedden started designing a replacement for the Jupiter. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Using a shorter stroke to increase the rpm, and including a supercharger for added power, resulted in the Bristol Mercury of 1927. A supercharger is an air compressor used for Forced induction of an Internal combustion engine. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Applying the same techniques to the original Jupiter-sized engine in 1927 resulted in the Bristol Pegasus. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Neither would fully replace the Jupiter for a few years.

The Jupiter is best known for powering the Handley Page HP.42 Hannibal airliners, which flew the London-Paris route in the 1920s. Handley Page Limited was founded by Frederick Handley Page (later Sir Frederick in 1909 as the United Kingdom 's first publicly traded aircraft manufacturing WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada Other civilian uses included the de Havilland Giant Moth and Hercules, the Junkers G 31 (which would evolve into the famous Ju-52), and the huge Dornier Do X flying boat which used no less than twelve engines. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Military uses were less common, but included the parent company's Bristol Bulldog, as well as the Gloster Gamecock and Boulton-Paul Sidestrand. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Boulton Paul P29 Sidestrand was a twin-engine Biplane Medium bomber of the Royal Air Force. It was also found in prototypes around the world, from Japan to Sweden. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation.

The Jupiter saw widespread use in licensed versions, with fourteen countries eventually producing the engine. In France, Gnome-Rhone produced a version used in several local civilian designs, as well as achieving some export success. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Gnome et Rhône was a major French Aircraft engine manufacturer Siemens-Halske took out a license in Germany and produced several versions of increasing power, eventually resulting in the Bramo 323 Fafnir, which saw use in wartime models. Siemens & Halske AG (or Siemens-Halske) was a German electrical engineering company that later became part of Siemens AG. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout In Japan, the Jupiter was license-built from 1924 by Nakajima, forming the basis of their own subsequent radial aero-engine design, the Kotobuki. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Nakajima Ha-1 Kotobuki was an aero-engine developed by Nakajima The most produced version was in the Soviet Union, where their M-22 version powered the famous Polikarpov I-16, which was built in the thousands. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Specifications (Jupiter)

General characteristics

• Type: 9-cylinder naturally aspirated air-cooled radial engine
• Bore: 5. The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion Engine configuration in which the cylinders point outward from a central 75 in (146 mm)
• Stroke: 7. 5 in (190 mm)
• Displacement: 1,752. 8 in³ (28. 7 L)
• Dry weight: 730 lb (330 kg)

Components

• Valvetrain: Four valves per cylinder, two intake and two exhaust
• Cooling system: Air-cooled

Performance

• Power output:
  
  • 435 hp (325 kW) at 1,575 rpm maximum continuous power
  • 580 hp (430 kW) at 1,950 rpm takeoff power
• Specific power: 0. In Engineering, the term specific power can refer to power either per unit of Mass, Volume or Area, although power per unit of 33 hp/in³ (15. 0 kW/L)
• Compression ratio: 5:1
• Power-to-weight ratio: 0. The compression ratio is a single number that can be used to predict the performance of any engine particularly piston engines (but can be used on essentially any Internal-combustion Power-to-weight ratio (specific power is a calculation commonly applied to Engines and other mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another 60 hp/lb (0. 98 kW/kg)

Applications

• Aero A.32
• Arado Ar 64
• Avia BH-25
• Bernard 190
• Blériot-SPAD 51
• Blériot-SPAD S.56
• Boulton Paul Sidestrand
• Bristol Bulldog
• Dornier Do 11
• Dornier Do J
• Fokker C.V
• Fokker F.VIII
• Fokker F.IX
• Gloster Gamecock
• Gourdou-Leseurre LGL.32
• Handley Page Hinaidi
• Handley Page H.P.42
• Hawker Woodcock
• Junkers F.13
• Parnall Plover
• Polikarpov I-15
• PZL P.7
• Short S.8 Calcutta
• Svenska Aero Jaktfalken
• Tupolev I-4

• Vickers Wibault
• Westland Wapiti

Notes

See also

• Bristol Mercury
• Bristol Pegasus
• List of aircraft engines

WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout List of Aircraft engines: Piston engines Two- and four-stroke rotary, radial, inline

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