| Type 105 Bulldog | |
|---|---|
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| Type | Fighter |
| Manufacturer | Bristol Aeroplane Company Filton, Bristol |
| Designed by | Frank Barnwell |
| Maiden flight | 21 January 1928 |
| Introduced | 1929 |
| Primary users | Royal Air Force Spanish Air Force Finnish Air Force Royal Australian Air Force |
| Number built | 443 (including prototypes and licence built) |
The Bristol Bulldog was a British Royal Air Force (RAF) single-seat biplane fighter designed during the 1920s by the Bristol Aeroplane Company, with over four hundred Bulldogs produced, that arguably became the most famous aircraft during the RAF's inter-war period. An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts The Bristol Aeroplane Company, originally British and Colonial Aeroplane Company was a major British aviation company Frank Sowter Barnwell ( 1880 - August 2 1938) was an Aeronautical engineer, who performed the first powered flight in Scotland and later went The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1928: Events January January 6 - 8 - Lt Christian Schilt This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1929: Events Greatest number of fatal civil aircraft crashes in US history The Spanish Air Force ( Spanish: Ejército del Aire; literally "Army of the Air" is the Air force of Spain. The Finnish Air Force (FAF ( Finnish: Ilmavoimat, Swedish: Flygvapnet) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces. The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A biplane is a Fixed-wing aircraft with two main Wings The first powered heavier-than-air Aircraft, the Wright brothers' Wright Flyer A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada The Bristol Aeroplane Company, originally British and Colonial Aeroplane Company was a major British aviation company
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Design and development
In September 1926, the Air Ministry stated a need for a single-seat fighter capable of operating in day and night-time conditions; to be armed with two 0. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1926: Events United Airlines established The Air Ministry was formerly a department of the British Government with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force. 303 in (7. 7 mm) Vickers machine guns and to be powered by a radial air-cooled engine. The Vickers machine gun or Vickers gun is a name primarily used to refer to the water-cooled. The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion Engine configuration in which the cylinders point outward from a central A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is a Heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating Pistons to convert This requirement was laid down in Specification F9/26. This is a partial list of the British Air Ministry (AM specifications for Aircraft. The Bulldog was designed by Frank Barnwell, the Chief Designer of the Bristol company, (who had served as a Captain in the British Army during the First World War), as a private venture to meet the requirements of this specification. Frank Sowter Barnwell ( 1880 - August 2 1938) was an Aeronautical engineer, who performed the first powered flight in Scotland and later went The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The prototype Bulldog, the Bulldog Mk. I first flew on 17 May 1927[1]. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1927: Events January January 7 - Imperial Airways commences After initial consideration of all the types entered to meet the specification, the Bulldog and the Hawker Hawfinch were selected for more detailed evaluation [1]. The Hawker Hawfinch was a British single engined biplane fighter of the 1920's While the Bulldog's manouverability and strength were praised by the RAF [2], it initially had poor spinning recovery properties and was therefore fitted with a lengthened rear fuselage. In this form, it was declared the winner of the competition, having slightly superior speed [2] and was easier to maintain [2], and required fewer changes to produce an operational aircraft than the Hawfinch [1].
The full-production Bulldog came in the form of the Mk. II, which had a modified structure but in every other respect was identical to the original Bulldog; having two 0. 303 in (7. 7 mm) Vickers machine guns; a capacity for four 20 lb (9 kg) bombs; a 450 hp (336 kW) Bristol Jupiter radial engine; giving the Bulldog a maximum speed of just under 180 mph (290 km/h) and a range of 300 miles (480 km). A hardpoint is any part of an Airframe designed to carry an external load WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The aircraft then entered production in 1928, entering service the following year, and becoming, during the early 1930s, the most widely used aircraft in the RAF. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1928: Events January January 6 - 8 - Lt Christian Schilt The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. It was cheap to maintain and thus, at a time of defence budget constraints, was the more preferable option to any other competitors. The Mk. IIA was again virtually similar to its predecessor, though it had a new Jupiter engine and a strengthened structure.
The Bulldog proved to be quite a successful export to foreign air forces, seeing service with Australia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Japan, Latvia, Siam, Spain and Sweden. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Bulldog was withdrawn from RAF service in 1937, being replaced by the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire, both of which would become legends of the RAF for their contributions during the Second World War. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1937: Events March March 5 - Imperial Airways opens a new WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Bristol Bulldog's career was not over though, for the type continued to serve with other air forces.
Operational history
The Bulldog never saw combat service with the RAF, though during the Abyssinia Crisis of 1935-36, Bristol Bulldogs were sent to the Sudan to reinforce Middle East Command. The Abyssinia Crisis was a diplomatic crisis during the interwar period originating in the conflict between Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Ethiopia This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1935: Events January January 11 - 12 – Amelia Earhart This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1936: Events February British Marine Aircraft Ltd Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. During World War II the British Middle East Command was based in Cairo with responsibility for the Middle East theatre which included North Africa Douglas Bader, better known for his Second World War actions, lost both of his legs when his Bristol Bulldog crashed while he was performing unauthorised flying acrobatics. Group Captain Sir Douglas Robert Steuart Bader CBE, DSO & Bar, DFC & Bar, FRAeS, DL, RAF (21 February 1910 Aerobatics is the demonstration of flying maneuvers for Training, Recreation or Entertainment. A number of Bulldogs, ex-Latvian aircraft, saw service during the Spanish Civil War, as part of the forces fighting the Nationalists. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of Nineteen Bulldogs also saw combat as part of the Finnish Air Force during the Winter War against the Soviet Union, which began in 1939. The Finnish Air Force (FAF ( Finnish: Ilmavoimat, Swedish: Flygvapnet) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces. The Winter War (Talvisota Советско-финляндская война - official Зимняя война - unofficial Vinterkriget began when the The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Bulldogs fought well against their Soviet opponent, gaining six kills by five pilots for the loss of one of their own,[3] the types shot down being two Polikarpov I-16s and four Tupolev SB-2s,[3] both of which were quite superior in terms of technology compared to the Bulldog. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Bulldog continued in service during the subsequent Continuation War against the Soviet Union, though without scoring any further kills or suffering losses. The Continuation War (Jatkosota Fortsättningskriget Советско-финская война ( 25 June 1941 &ndash 19 September 1944) [3]
Variants
- Bulldog I
- Single-seat day and night fighter prototype. 2 built by Bristol Aeroplane Co.
- Bulldog II
- Single-seat day and night fighter version. Powered by a 328-kW (440-hp) Bristol Jupiter VII radial piston engine. 92 built by Bristol Aeroplane.
- Bulldog IIA
- Single-seat day and night fighter version. Powered by a 365-kW (490-hp) Bristol Jupiter VIIF radial piston engine. 268 built by Bristol.
- Bulldog IIIA
- Interim aircraft. Only two aircraft were built by Bristol.
- Bulldog IVA
- Single-seat day and night fighter version. Powered by a 477-kW (640-hp) Bristol Mercury radial piston engine. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout 18 built by Bristol.
- Bulldog TM (Type 124)
- Two-seat training version. 59 built by Bristol.
- "J. S. S. F. "
- Two aircraft license-built by Nakajima Aircraft Works, Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
Operators
- Royal Australian Air Force
- No. 1 Squadron RAAF - Bulldog Mk. The Finnish Air Force (FAF ( Finnish: Ilmavoimat, Swedish: Flygvapnet) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. No 1 Squadron is a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF squadron Based at RAAF Amberley, it currently operates the F-111 bomber IIA
- No. 2 Squadron RAAF - Bulldog Mk. No 2 Squadron is a Royal Australian Air Force squadron From its formation in 1916 it has operated a variety of aircraft types including fighters, Bombers IIA
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Specifications (Bulldog II)
Data from British Aircraft Directory [1]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 25 ft 2 in (7. 67 m)
- Wingspan: 33 ft 10 in (10. The wingspan (or just span) of an airplane or a Bird, is the distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip 3 m)
- Height: 8 ft 9 in (2. 67 m)
- Wing area: 307 ft² (28. 5 m²)
- Empty weight: 2,200 lb (1,000 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 3,490 lb (1586 kg)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 155 knots (178 mph , 287 km/h)
- Service ceiling 29,300 ft (8930 m)
Armament
- Two 0. The Maximum Takeoff Weight or Maximum Takeoff Mass of an Aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such In Aeronautics, a ceiling is the maximum Density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditions 303 in (7. 7 mm) Vickers machine guns
- Four 20 lb (9 kg) bombs
See also
Comparable aircraft
Related lists
References
Notes
- ^ a b c Mason 1992
- ^ a b c Barnes 1964
- ^ a b c Finnish Air Force Aircraft: Bristol Bulldog FAF in Color. The Vickers machine gun or Vickers gun is a name primarily used to refer to the water-cooled. The Gloster Grebe was developed from the Gloster Grouse (an experimental aircraft later developed as a trainer and was the Royal Air Force 's first WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Hawker Woodcock was a British single-seat fighter built by the Hawker Engineering Company as the first fighter to be produced by Hawker Engineering (the successor to Many aircraft types have served in the Royal Air Force since it was formed in 1918 by the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Service. A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed
Bibliography
- Andrews, C. F. The Bristol Bulldog (Aircraft in Profile No. 6). Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd. , 1965.
- Barnes, C. H. Bristol Aircraft Since 1910. London: Putnam, 1964.
- Crawford. Alex. Bristol Bulldog, Gloster Gauntlet. Sandomierz, Poland/Redbourn, UK: Mushroom Model Publications, 2005. ISBN 83-89450-04-6.
- Granger. The Bristol Bulldog (Data Plan No. 2). Taurus Press, 1973.
- López, Rafael A. Permuy and Pérez, Artemio Mortera Bristol "Bulldog" (I) (Perfiles Aeronauticos: La Maquina y la Historia 8). Valladolid, Spain: Quiron Ediciones, 2006. ISBN 84-96016-03-X.
- López, Rafael A. Permuy and Pérez, Artemio Mortera Bristol "Bulldog" (II) (Perfiles Aeronauticos: La Maquina y la Historia 9). Valladolid, Spain: Quiron Ediciones, 2006. ISBN 84-96016-04-0.
- Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1992. ISBN ISBN 1-55750-082-7.
External links
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