Brinell scale - Citizendia

Force diagram

The Brinell scale characterizes the indentation hardness of materials through the scale of penetration of an indenter, loaded on a material test-piece. Hardness refers to various properties of Matter in the Solid phase that give it high resistance to various kinds of shape change when Force It is one of several definitions of hardness in materials science. Hardness refers to various properties of Matter in the Solid phase that give it high resistance to various kinds of shape change when Force Materials Science or Materials Engineering is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of Science and

Brinelling refers to surface fatigue caused by repeated impact or overloading. It is a common cause of roller bearing failures, and loss of preload in bolted joints when a hardened washer is not used. A bearing is a device to permit constrained relative motion between two parts typically rotation or linear movement Theory The clamp load also called preload of a cap screw is created when a torque is applied and is generally a percentage of the cap screw's proof strength Theory The clamp load also called preload of a cap screw is created when a torque is applied and is generally a percentage of the cap screw's proof strength Engineers will use the Brinell hardness of materials in their calculations to avoid this mode of failure. Fretting corrosion can cause a similar-looking kind of damage and is called false brinelling since the mechanism is different. False brinelling is damage caused by fretting Corrosion that causes imprints that look similar to Brinelling, but are caused by a different mechanism

Proposed by Swedish engineer Johan August Brinell in 1900, it was the first widely used and standardised hardness test in engineering and metallurgy. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering. Swedish Engineer John August Brinell (1849–1925 is the creator of the Brinell hardness test and namesake of the failure mechanism known as brinelling Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and Metallurgy is a domain of Materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their The large size of indentation and possible damage to test-piece limits its usefulness.

The typical test uses a 10 mm diameter steel ball as an indenter with a 3,000 kgf (29 kN) force. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to Geometry, a diameter of a Circle is any straight Line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose Endpoints are on the Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 The unit kilogram-force ( kgf, often incorrectly just kg) or kilopond ( kp) is defined as the Force exerted by Earth's gravity For softer materials, a smaller force is used; for harder materials, a tungsten carbide ball is substituted for the steel ball. Tungsten carbide, WC, or tungsten semicarbide, W2C, is a chemical compound containing Tungsten and Carbon, similar The indentation is measured and hardness calculated as:

$\mbox{BHN}=\frac{2P}{\pi D ({D-\sqrt{(D^2-d^2)})}}$

where:

P = applied force (kgf)

D = diameter of indenter (mm)

d = diameter of indentation (mm)

1 Common Values
2 Standards
3 Links
4 See also

Common Values

When quoting a Brinell Hardness Number (BHN or, more commonly, HB), the conditions of the test used to obtain the number must be specified. The unit kilogram-force ( kgf, often incorrectly just kg) or kilopond ( kp) is defined as the Force exerted by Earth's gravity The standard format for specifying tests can be seen in the example "HBW 10/3000". "HBW" means that a tungsten (chemical symbol W, from the German Wolfram) carbide ball indenter was used, as opposed to "HBS", which means a hardened steel ball. Tungsten (ˈtʌŋstən also known as wolfram (/ˈwʊlfrəm/ is a Chemical element that has the symbol W and Atomic number 74 The "10" is the ball diameter in millimeters. The "3000" is the force in kilograms force.

Brinell Hardness Numbers (standard test conditions unless otherwise stated)
Material	Hardness
Softwood (e. Softwood is a generic term used in Woodworking and the Lumber industries for Wood from Conifers (needle-bearing trees from the order Pinales g. , pine)	1. This article is about the tree For other uses of the term "pine" see Pine (disambiguation. 6 HBS 10/100
Hardwood	2. The term hardwood is used to describe Wood from broad-leaved angiosperm Trees mostly Deciduous, but not necessarily in the case of tropical 6 to 7. 0 HBS 1. 6 10/100
Aluminium	15 HB
Copper	35 HB
Mild steel	120 HB
18-8 (304) stainless steel	1250 HB
Glass	1550 HB
Hardened tool steel	1500 - 1900 HB
Rhenium Diboride	4600 HB

Standards

International (ISO) and European (CEN) Standard

EN ISO 6506-1 : Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1 : test method. WikipediaNaming Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Carbon steel, also called plain carbon steel, is Steel where the main alloying constituent is Carbon. In Metallurgy, stainless steel is defined as a Steel Alloy with a minimum of 11 Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many Tool steel refers to a variety of Carbon and Alloy Steels that are particularly well-suited to be made into Tools Their suitability comes from Rhenium diboride ( Re[[Boron B]]2 is a synthetic Superhard material. International standards are Standards developed by international Standards organisations International standards are available for consideration and use worldwide
EN ISO 6506-2 : Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 2 : verification and calibration of testing machine.
EN ISO 6506-3 : Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 3 : calibration of reference blocks

US standard (ASTM International)

ASTM E10 : : Standard method for Brinell hardness of metallic materials. ASTM International ( ASTM) originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials is an international Standards organization that develops and publishes ASTM International ( ASTM) originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials is an international Standards organization that develops and publishes

Links

Rockwell to Brinell Conversion chart: http://www.engineersedge.com/hardness_conversion.htm

Contents

Common Values

Standards

Links

See also