Brine is water saturated or nearly saturated with salt (NaCl). Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Chemistry, saturation has five different meanings In Physical chemistry, saturation is the point at which a Solution of a substance Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants It is used (now less popular than historically) to preserve vegetables, fish, and meat. The term " vegetable " generally means the edible parts of Plants The definition of the word is traditional rather than Scientific, however Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two In modern English usage meat most often refers to Animal tissue used as food mostly Skeletal muscle and associated Fat, but it may also refer Brine is also commonly used to age Halloumi and Feta cheeses. Halloumi ( Greek: χαλλούμι, Turkish: Hellim, Arabic: حلوم (transl Feta ( φέτα, also spelled fetta) is a brined Curd Cheese traditionally made in Greece with goat's and Although brine is used in preservation much like sugar or vinegar, it can be used to great effect in transportation. Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. Vinegar is an acidic liquid processed from the Fermentation of Ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient Acetic acid (also called ethanoic acid Brine is a common fluid used in the transport of heat from place to place. Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another In Physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is Energy transferred from one body or system to another due to a difference in Temperature It is used because the addition of salt to water lowers the freezing temperature of the solution and the heat transport efficiency can be greatly enhanced for the comparatively low cost of the material. At a concentration of 23. 3%, the freezing point of the solution is lowered to -21°C (252. 15 K, -6°F).
At 15. 5 °C (288. 65 K, 60 °F) saturated brine is 26. 4% salt by weight (100 degree SAL). At 0 °C (273. 15 K, 32 °F) brine can only hold 23. 3% salt.
| Water salinity based on dissolved salts in parts per thousand (ppt) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Fresh water | Brackish water | Saline water | Brine |
| < 0. Freshwater is a word that refers to bodies of water such as Ponds lakes rivers and streams containing low concentrations of dissolved Salts and other Total dissolved Saline water is a general term for Water that contains a significant concentration of dissolved Salts ( NaCl) 5 | 0. 5 - 35 | 35 - 50 | > 50 |
Other uses
- Road treatment
Brine is used to pre-treat roads for winter storms. The solution is poured onto the roadways along with actual salt pellets to create a safer roadway (lowering the freezing point of the surface water, causing snow and ice to melt in lower temperature) when winter weather is in the forecast.
- Heat exchange
Brine is used in removing heat from ice surfaces such as hockey or figure skating rinks. The brine is cycled through the refrigeration plant and returned under the slab of ice at a colder temperature. Brine is used in cruise vessels' cooling systems.
- Heat treatment
Brine is used as quenching medium for cooling ferrous metals.
- Medicinal purposes
In Europe, brine baths are sometimes used medicinally for curing a variety of ailments from skin conditions to bladder trouble.
- Oil extraction
Brine is used in the offshore oil and gas industry where a pipeline, prior to commissioning, is flooded with a meg/brine mix to prevent the formation of hydrates on production start-up. This is dependent on the well properties.
- Mining industry
Brine can be used for underground mining in the Arctic where the ground is permanently frozen (permafrost) in order to use water-fed drills without having them freeze. Chilled brine has also been used for localised freezing of the water table to allow mine shafts to be sunk without the risk of flooding.
- Synthetic Chemistry
Brine is commonly used to dry organic solvents after an aqueous wash. The brine wash is intended to remove the majority of the water from the organic solvent and the remainder is removed by chemical methods (typically anhydrous magnesium sulfate). Magnesium sulfate is a Chemical compound containing Magnesium and Sulfate, with the formula MgSO4
- Chemical industry
Brine is electrolyzed in the chloralkali process to make sodium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen, as well as the hypochlorite and chlorate salts on an industrial scale. A chloralkali process always implies the Electrolysis of common salt or Sodium chloride. Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 The hypochlorite Ion is Cl[[Oxygen O]]− A hypochlorite compound is a Chemical compound containing this group with chlorine in Oxidation The chlorate anion has the formula ClO3− In this case the Chlorine atom is in the +5 Oxidation state. In this case, the chloride ions are oxidized to chlorine, while water is reduced to hydrogen gas and hydroxide anions, which, together with the sodium ions already present, give sodium hydroxide on evaporation. Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and
By adjusting the conditions, the chlorine gas produced also reacts with the hydroxide anions to give hypochlorite and chlorate anions as well.
It is also used in the Solvay process to produce sodium carbonate, and in the solution mining of salt from underground deposits. The Solvay process, also referred to as the ammonia-soda process is the major industrial process for the production of Soda ash ( Sodium carbonate Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), is a Sodium Salt of Carbonic acid. In-situ leaching (ISL also called in-situ recovery (ISR or solution mining, is a process of recovering minerals such as Copper and Uranium Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants Brines are also used in the pharmaceutical industry.
When used for industrial purpose, brine is generally transported by pipeline made with welded steel pipes, coated for corrosion protection.
See also
In Cooking, brining is a process similar to Marination in which Meat is soaked in a salt solution (the Brine) before cooking Sea salt, obtained by evaporating Seawater, is used in Cooking and Cosmetics. Salt evaporation ponds are shallow man-made Ponds designed to produce Salt from Sea water. Seawater is Water from a Sea or Ocean. On average seawater in the world's oceans has a Salinity of about 3 Salinity is the Saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of Water. Brine lakes consist of water that has reached salt saturation or near saturation ( Brine) and may also be heavily saturated with other materials Brine pools are large areas of Brine on the ocean basin. These pools are concentrations of water having an extremely high Salinity as compared to theDictionary
brine
-noun
- salt water; water saturated or strongly impregnated with salt; a salt and water solution for pickling
- the sea or ocean; the water of the sea
-verb
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