Brighton Brighton Pier, formerly known as Palace Pier Brighton shown within East Sussex Population 155,919[1] OS grid reference TQ315065 Unitary authority Brighton and Hove Ceremonial county East Sussex Region South East Constituent country England Sovereign state United Kingdom Post town BRIGHTON Postcode district BN1, BN2 Dialling code 01273 Police Sussex Fire East Sussex Ambulance South East Coast European Parliament South East England UK Parliament Brighton Kemptown Brighton Pavilion List of places: UK • England • East Sussex Coordinates: 50°50′35″N 0°07′53″W / 50.842941, -0.131312

Royal Pavilion

Lewes Crescent, the heart of Kemp Town

The remains of the West Pier

Brighton beach packed in the heat of April 2007

“The Big Beach Boutique II”: over 250,000 watched Fatboy Slim (July 2002)

Seafront display of Minis after a London to Brighton drive

Brighton beach

The Jubilee Library

Brighton Pier at sunset

Brighton (pronunciation (help·info)) is located on the south coast of England, and together with its immediate neighbour Hove forms the city of Brighton and Hove. The Brighton Marine Palace and Pier is a pleasure Pier in Brighton, England. East Sussex is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology This is a list of the largest cities and towns of England ordered by population. The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government Council and directorates The leader of the council is Conservative Mary Mears The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies East Sussex is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one South East England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Brighton postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Arundel, Brighton, Eastbourne, Hailsham, The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Sussex Police is the Home Office police force responsible for policing East Sussex, West Sussex and City of Brighton and Hove in southern The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The East Sussex Fire & Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service for the county of East Sussex and city of Brighton and Hove The South East Coast Ambulance Service (SECAmb is the NHS Ambulance Services Trust for south-eastern England, covering Kent (including Medway South East England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Brighton Kemptown is a Constituency covering the Kemptown district in the city of Brighton and Hove. Brighton Pavilion is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a list of cities, Towns and Villages in the County of East Sussex, England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The Royal Pavilion is a former royal residence located in Brighton, England. Kemp Town is a 19th Century residential estate in the east of Brighton in East Sussex, England, UK The West Pier is a Pier in Brighton, England. It was built in 1866 by Eugenius Birch and has been closed and deteriorating since 1975 Big Beach Boutique II is a mixed Compilation album containing some of the songs which were played by Fatboy Slim and Midfield General in a live performance Fatboy Slim, also known as Norman Cook, (born Quentin Leo Cook on 31 July 1963 is a British DJ and Big beat musician The Mini is a small car that was produced by the British Motor Corporation (BMC and its successors from 1959 until 2000 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Hove is a town on the south coast of England, immediately to the west of its larger neighbour Brighton, with whom it forms the Unitary authority Brighton Council and directorates The leader of the council is Conservative Mary Mears

The ancient settlement of Brighthelmston dates from before the Domesday Book (1086), but it emerged as an important health resort during the 18th century and became a popular destination for day-trippers after the arrival of the railway in 1841. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey A day-tripper is a person who visits a Tourist destination or Visitor attraction from their home and return home on the same day "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. Brighton experienced rapid population growth reaching a peak of over 160,000 by 1961. ^[2] Modern Brighton forms part of a conurbation stretching along the coast, with a population of around 480,000. The Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton Conurbation has a population of 461181 (2001 census making it the 12th largest Conurbation in the United Kingdom ^[3]

Brighton is a popular place to visit; welcoming 8 million tourists each year. With its hotels, restaurants, shops and entertainment facilities, which additionally serve a substantial business conference industry. A business conference is an event organized by an association, individual publication or Private company for the purpose of networking, education or to The modern city of Brighton and Hove is also an educational centre with two universities, a medical school and many English language schools. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Medical education A medical school or faculty of medicine is a Tertiary educational institution—or part of such an institution—that teaches Medicine English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Contents 1 History 2 Landmarks 2.1 Beaches 3 Culture 3.1 Night-life and popular music 3.2 Public events 3.3 Festivals 3.4 Museums 3.5 Galleries and art facilities 3.6 Theatre and cinema 3.7 Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community 3.8 Ethnicity 4 Economy 5 Education 6 Politics 7 Sport 8 Transport 9 See also 10 References and notes 11 External links

History

Main article: History of Brighton

In the Domesday Book, Brighton was called Bristelmestune and a rent of 4,000 herring was established. The overall history of Brighton is that of an ancient fishing village which emerged as a health resort in the 18th century and grew into one of the largest towns in England by The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey Herring are small Oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow temperate waters of the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North In June 1514 Brighthelmstone was burnt to the ground by French raiders during a war between England and France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Only part of the St. Nicholas Church and the street pattern of what is now The Lanes survived the attack. The Church of Saint Nicholas of Myra, usually known as St Nicholas Church, is an Anglican church in Brighton, England. The first known drawing of Brighthelmstone was made in 1545 and depicts what is believed to be the raid of 1514. ^[4] During the 1740s and 1750s, Dr Richard Russell of Lewes began prescribing the medicinal use of the seawater at Brighton to his patients. Richard Russell (1687 &ndash 1759 was an eighteenth century British doctor who encouraged his patients to use what was later called the " water cure Lewes (ˈluːɨs Lewis) is the County town of East Sussex, England and gives its name to the Local government district in which it Seawater is Water from a Sea or Ocean. On average seawater in the world's oceans has a Salinity of about 3 By 1780, development of the Georgian terraces had started and the fishing village quickly became the fashionable resort of Brighton. Georgian architecture is the name given in most English -speaking countries to the set of Architectural styles current between 1720 and 1840 A resort is a place used for Relaxation or Recreation, attracting visitors for Holidays or Vacations Resorts are places towns or sometimes The growth of the town was further encouraged following the patronage of the Prince Regent (later King George IV) after his first visit in 1783. ^[5] He spent much of his leisure time in the town and constructed the exotic and expensive Royal Pavilion during the early part of his Regency. The Royal Pavilion is a former royal residence located in Brighton, England. Artistic trends Regency architecture Regency fashions Regency dance Regency novels

The arrival of the railway in 1841 brought Brighton within the reach of day-trippers from London and rapid population growth from around 7,000 in 1801 to over 120,000 by 1901. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. ^[6] The Victorian era saw the building of many of the famous landmarks in Brighton including the Grand Hotel (1864), the West Pier (1866) and the Palace Pier (1899). Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The Grand Hotel is a Victorian built hotel in Brighton on the south coast of England. The West Pier is a Pier in Brighton, England. It was built in 1866 by Eugenius Birch and has been closed and deteriorating since 1975 The Brighton Marine Palace and Pier is a pleasure Pier in Brighton, England.

After a number of boundary changes made between 1873 and 1952, the land area of Brighton had increased significantly from 1,640 acres (7 km²) in 1854 to 14,347 acres (58 km²) in 1952. ^[7] New housing estates were established in the acquired areas including Moulsecoomb, Bevendean, Coldean and Whitehawk. Moulsecoomb is a large suburb of Brighton, part of the city of Brighton and Hove. For the Bevendean grand Estate and Bevendean school see Oxshott Bevendean is a district of Brighton & Hove, East Sussex Coldean is a suburb of Brighton and Hove, England and is one of its most well defined and self contained Whitehawk is a suburb in the east of Brighton, part of the English city of Brighton and Hove. The major expansion of 1928 also incorporated the villages of Patcham, Ovingdean and Rottingdean, and much council housing was built in parts of Woodingdean after the Second World War. Patcham is an area of the city of Brighton and Hove. It is approximately 3 miles north of the city centre bounded by the A27 (Brighton bypass to the north Ovingdean is a small formerly agricultural village which was absorbed into the borough of Brighton, East Sussex, UK in 1928 and now forms part of the city of Rottingdean is a prosperous coastal village next to the town of Brighton and technically within the city of Brighton and Hove, in East Sussex Woodingdean is an eastern suburb of the city of Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, separated from the main part of the city by downland and the Brighton Racecourse World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

More recently, gentrification of much of Brighton has seen a return of the highly fashionable image which had characterised the growth of the Regency period. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class Recent housing developments in the North Laine, for instance, have been kept in keeping with the local make up of the area. The North Laine is a number of streets forming an open-air shopping zone in Brighton, part of the southern British city of Brighton and Hove.

In 1997 Brighton and Hove were joined to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove, which in turn was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II as part of the millennium celebrations in 2000. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions Council and directorates The leader of the council is Conservative Mary Mears For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II A millennium (pl millennia) is a period of Time equal to one thousand Years (from Latin la mille, thousand and la annum

Landmarks

Main article: Landmarks and notable buildings of Brighton and Hove

The Royal Pavilion is a former Royal palace built as the home for the Prince Regent during the early 1800s and is notableand surrounding grounds were purchased by the town in 1849 for £53,000. The city of Brighton and Hove (made up of the towns of Brighton and Hove) on the south coast of England, UK has a number notable buildings The Royal Pavilion is a former royal residence located in Brighton, England. ^[8]

Brighton Pier (originally and in full "The Brighton Marine Palace and Pier", and for long known as the Palace Pier) was opened in 1899. The Brighton Marine Palace and Pier is a pleasure Pier in Brighton, England. It features a large funfair, restaurants and arcade halls. Traveling carnival A funfair or simply fair (eg " County fair" " state fair" is a small to medium sized traveling Fair The funfair has been criticised for its high prices, with rides costing up to £8. ^[9][10][11]

The West Pier was built in 1866 and has been closed since 1975 and theoretically awaiting renovation, which faces continual set backs, in part because the owners of the Palace Pier, the Noble Organisation, have opposed all plans put forward. The West Pier is a Pier in Brighton, England. It was built in 1866 by Eugenius Birch and has been closed and deteriorating since 1975 ^[12] The West Pier is one of only two Grade I listed piers in the United Kingdom, but suffered two catastrophic fires in 2003. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Plans for erecting a new landmark in its place – the i360, a 183 m (600 ft) observation tower designed by London Eye architects Marks Barfield – were announced in June 2006. The i360 (also referred to as the "Brighton Eye" is a Observation tower planned for construction on the seafront of Brighton, part of the City The London Eye, also known as the Millennium Wheel, is the tallest (its height is) Ferris wheel in Europe, and has become the most popular paid tourist Plans were approved by the City council on 11 October 2006. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[13]

Created in 1883, Volk's Electric Railway runs along the inland edge of the beach from the Brighton Pier to Black Rock. Volk's Electric Railway (VER is the oldest operating electric railway in the world (the worlds first electric railway in Lichterfelde from 1881 is not operating anymore It is the world's oldest operating electric railway. Railway electrification supplies electrical energy to railway Locomotives and Multiple units so they can operate without having a Reciprocating ^[14]

The 11th century St. Nicholas Church remains a place of worship and is the oldest building in Brighton, commonly known as "the mother church" of Brighton. The Church of Saint Nicholas of Myra, usually known as St Nicholas Church, is an Anglican church in Brighton, England. ^[15] Other notable churches include St. Bartholomew's, and the Church of St. Peter, prominently sited in the heart of Brighton on an island between the main roads to London and Lewes. St Bartholomew's Church, dedicated to the apostle Bartholomew, is an Anglican church in Brighton, England. This article is about a church in Brighton For others dedicated to St

Beaches

A major attraction is the seafront, which has a variety of bars, restaurants, nightclubs and amusement arcades, principally along the strip between the two piers. Being less than an hour from London by train has made the city a popular destination with residents of the capital as they have all the culture they would expect from a city with the added benefit of the fresh sea air. Brighton beach has a designated official nudist area (south of the easterly part of Kemptown). Naturism or nudism is a cultural and Political movement advocating and defending social Nudity in private and in public. Kemptown is a small community widely regarded as somewhat Bohemian, running along the King's Cliff to Black Rock in the east of Brighton, East Sussex Brighton's beach has recently been awarded a blue flag. A Blue Flag beach is a maritime or freshwater Recreational Beach that has met stringent quality standards during the whole of the previous bathing season

Since the 1978 demolition of the open-air swimming lido at Black Rock, the most easterly part of Brighton's seafront, the area has been developed considerably and now features one of Europe's largest marinas. Brighton Marina is a large man-made Marina situated in Brighton, England. However, the site of the pool itself remains empty except for a skate park and graffiti wall, and further development is planned for the area including a high-rise hotel which has aroused public and media debate, mirroring the situation with proposals for the site of the King Alfred leisure centre nearby in Hove. In addition, part of the Eastern side of the beach has been redeveloped into a beach sports complex, which has versatile courts for anything from volleyball to ultimate Frisbee, which opened to the public in March 2007. Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet Ultimate (often called Ultimate Frisbee in reference to the trademarked brand name) is a non-contact Team sport played with a 175 gram Flying

Culture

Night-life and popular music

Main article: Night-life and popular music of Brighton and Hove

Brighton is associated with notable popular music artists — for a list, see night-life and popular music of Brighton and Hove. Brighton and Hove, United Kingdom (and particularly the town of Brighton which forms part of the city) is noted as a centre for Popular Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more Brighton and Hove, United Kingdom (and particularly the town of Brighton which forms part of the city) is noted as a centre for Popular There are over 400 pubs and many nightclubs. A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark There are also many live music venues including the Brighton Centre and the Brighton Dome. The Brighton Centre is a Conference centre located in Brighton, England. The Brighton Dome is a building complex in Brighton, England that contains the Concert Hall Corn Exchange and the Pavilion Theatre There are gigs happening every night of the week so it is the ideal place to spot the next big thing. Also, Queen's song Brighton Rock is centred around Brighton. Queen were an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist

One of the most prominent musical events in Brighton have been the "Big Beach Boutique II" of July 13, 2002, where an audience of 250,000 attended along the beachfront and watched Fatboy Slim's performance. Big Beach Boutique II is a mixed Compilation album containing some of the songs which were played by Fatboy Slim and Midfield General in a live performance Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Fatboy Slim, also known as Norman Cook, (born Quentin Leo Cook on 31 July 1963 is a British DJ and Big beat musician

Public events

Brighton hosts a number of conferences including those held annually by major political parties, often based around the Brighton Centre, Grand Hotel and Metropole hotel. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral The Grand Hotel is a Victorian built hotel in Brighton on the south coast of England. A wide range of sport and leisure clubs, in particular cycling and motoring clubs, annually hold London to Brighton events, culminating in a display on the Madeira Drive section of the seafront, which is closed to traffic for this purpose on many Sundays throughout the summer months. The route along the A23 (and often nearby minor roads from London to Brighton in south-east England is popular for races tours charity rides

Festivals

Main article: Brighton Festival

Main article: Brighton Festival Fringe

Each May the city hosts Brighton Festival, England's largest arts festival. The Brighton Festival is an annual Arts festival which takes place in the city of Brighton and Hove in England each May The Brighton Festival Fringe is an open access Arts festival held annually in Brighton, England. The Brighton Festival is an annual Arts festival which takes place in the city of Brighton and Hove in England each May This includes organised processions such as the Children's Parade, outdoor spectaculars often involving pyrotechnics, and theatre, music and visual arts in venues throughout the city, some of which are brought into this use exclusively for the festival. The earliest feature of the festival, "Open Houses", are homes of artists and craftspeople, opened up to the public as galleries and usually selling the work of the inhabitant and their friends.

The Brighton Festival Fringe runs alongside the main Brighton Festival, and has grown to become the second largest Fringe festival in the world. The Brighton Festival Fringe is an open access Arts festival held annually in Brighton, England. ^[16]. Together with the street performers from Brighton Festival's "Streets of Brighton" events, and the Royal Mile-esque outdoor performances that make up "Fringe City", the amount of outdoor spectacles and events to see more than doubles during May. The Royal Mile is the popular name for the succession of streets which form the main thoroughfare of Edinburgh's Old Town. ^[17]

Other festivals in Brighton include The Great Escape in May, featuring three nights of bands playing in venues across the city; the Soundwaves Festival in June, which aims to showcase contemporary classical music composed in the 21st century, and involves both amateur and professional performers; Brighton Live which each September stages a week of free gigs in pubs to showcase new local bands; and Brighton Pride (see Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community, below). Brighton Pride is a registered charity from Brighton and Hove in England promoting equality and diversity and advances education to eliminate discrimination against

On 1 September 2007, competitors of the world's most hirsute faces from the United Kingdom, United States, Germany and other countries convened for the annual World Beard and Moustache Championships in Brighton. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The World Beard and Moustache Championships is a biennial competition in which men with Beards and Moustaches display lengthy highly-styled facial hair Hosted by The Handlebar Club, categories include Dali moustache, goatee and full beard freestyle. ^[18] Additionally, Brighton is permanent home to notable moustache advocate Michael "Atters" Attree. Michael "Atters" Attree (born April 22, 1965) is a British satirist, comedy writer and performer

Museums

Brighton has a number of museums including the City-run Brighton Museum and Art Gallery, the Booth Museum of Natural History, the Brighton Fishing Museum and the Brighton Toy and Model Museum.

Further information: Landmarks and notable buildings of Brighton and Hove

Galleries and art facilities

There are many privately run galleries, including some in the arches on the seafront. The city of Brighton and Hove (made up of the towns of Brighton and Hove) on the south coast of England, UK has a number notable buildings A widespread practice is to display and sell art in cafés, pubs and bars.

Phoenix Arts Association is a charity providing over 100 artist studio spaces and a programme of exhibitions and educational activities. Before the formation of the charity, the Phoenix Gallery, its 1960s office building close to the former Phoenix brewery, was squatted, and operated by a co-operative association of artists which had formed in 1993 with the aim of providing low cost studio space in Brighton. Squatting is the act of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied space or Building that the squatter does not own rent or otherwise have permission to use

Further information: Landmarks and notable buildings of Brighton and Hove

Theatre and cinema

Major theatres in Brighton include the recently expanded Komedia (also used as a music venue) and the Theatre Royal which celebrated its 200th anniversary in 2007. The city of Brighton and Hove (made up of the towns of Brighton and Hove) on the south coast of England, UK has a number notable buildings Komedia (Brighton presents a diverse arts and entertainment programme of Comedy, Music, Cabaret, Theatre and kids shows featuring local national Theatre Royal Brighton is a theatre in Brighton, England, United Kingdom presenting a range of West End and touring musicals and There are also several smaller theatres such as the Marlborough Theatre and Nightingale Theatre, both above pubs, which attract a variety of mostly local productions.

Brighton also has a long history of involvement with the film industry, and the Duke of York's Picture House has been in operation since 22 September 1910. The Duke of York's Picture House is an art house cinema in Brighton, England. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

Further information: Brighton in film

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community

Main article: LGBT community of Brighton and Hove

Brighton has a substantial LGBT community, served by a high number of shops, bars and night-clubs in addition to a range of support organisations. Films featuring Brighton The town of Brighton has been featured in the following films Bank Holiday (1938 Pink The following are resources and events serving the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT community in the British city of It is often referred to as "the gay capital of Britain"^[19], in a similar vein to San Francisco in the USA and Cologne in Germany. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Brighton hosts a Gay Pride carnival every August, which attracts thousands of participants and spectators. Brighton Pride is a registered charity from Brighton and Hove in England promoting equality and diversity and advances education to eliminate discrimination against It consists of a carnival style parade through the city and a party and funfair in Preston Park. Preston Park is a park near Preston Village in the city of Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, England. There is also a "Winter Pride" in February each year.

Ethnicity

Brighton and Hove has a range of organisations supporting many of the faiths and ethnic minorities in the city, such as MOSAIC, a black- and mixed-parentage family group. The City Council promotes diversity in its charter.

Economy

Brighton has a high density of businesses involved in media in general, particularly digital or "new media" companies, and since the 1990s has sometimes been referred to as "Silicon Beach". According to the Boho Britain creativity index developed by United States economic regeneration expert Richard Florida, the city of Brighton and Hove ranks sixth amongst the largest 40 of 66 British new cities when measured against the three criteria of his creativity index. Richard Florida (born 1957 in Newark New Jersey) is an American Urban studies theorist Florida states that the index measures the appeal of cities to the new "creative class" and are a key indicator of a city’s economic health. The creative class is a group of people that social scientist Dr

American Express has a distinctive (former headquarters) building in Edward Street. American Express ( sometimes known as " AmEx " or " Amex " is a diversified global Financial services company headquartered in It employs around 3000 people, making it the largest private employer in the city.

The Lanes is a retail, leisure and residential area near the seafront, partly characterised by a collection of narrow alleyways following the street pattern of the original fishing village. The businesses in The Lanes are predominantly clothing stores, jewellers, antique shops, restaurants and pubs. The North Laine area is a retail, leisure and residential area immediately north of The Lanes. Its name derives from the Anglo-Saxon word "Laine" meaning "fields". North Laine contains a mix of businesses dominated by cafés, independent and avant-garde shops, and theatres. Churchill Square is an indoor shopping centre with a floor space of 470,000 sq ft (43,663 m²) and includes 85 shops, 5 restaurants and 1,600 car parking spaces. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors ^[20] It was built in the 1960s as an open-air pedestrianised shopping centre, but was completely rebuilt in 1998 and is no longer open-air. Further mainstream retail areas include Western Road and London Road.

Education

Brighton & Hove City Council is responsible for 80 schools in Brighton and Hove of which 54 are in Brighton. Roedean School is an independent girls' school in Roedean village on the outskirts of Brighton, East Sussex in the United Kingdom. ^[21]

The University of Brighton, the former Brighton Polytechnic, has a student population of 20,017 of which 80% are undergraduates. The University of Brighton (formerly Brighton Polytechnic until its re-designation in 1992 is a multi-site University based in the City of Brighton Institute of technology, and polytechnic, are designations employed in a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable ^[22] The University is located on several separate sites in Brighton, with additional buildings in Falmer and Eastbourne. Falmer is a small Village and Civil parish in the Lewes District of East Sussex, England, lying between Brighton and Eastbourne ( is a large town and borough of East Sussex, on the south coast of England with an estimated population of 94816 as of 2007 ^[23]

The University of Sussex is a "plate glass university" based on a campus between Stanmer Park and Falmer, four miles from the city centre. The University of Sussex is a British Campus university which is situated next to the East Sussex village of Falmer, and is from Brighton The term plate glass university (or plateglass university) has come into use by some to refer to one of the several universities founded in the United Kingdom Stanmer Park is a large open park immediately to the west of the University of Sussex, and to the north-east of the town of Brighton in the county of East Falmer is a small Village and Civil parish in the Lewes District of East Sussex, England, lying between Brighton and It has a student population of 10,563 of which 70% are undergraduates. ^[24]

A wide range of non-university courses for students aged over 16, mainly in vocational education subjects, is provided at the further education college, City College Brighton and Hove. Vocational education or Vocational Education and Training (VET also called Career and Technical Education (CTE prepares learners for jobs that are based Further education (often abbreviated "FE" is Post-secondary Education (in addition to that received at Secondary school) that is distinct from More academic subjects can be studied for 16-18 year olds at BHASVIC (Brighton, Hove and Sussex VIth form College),located in the Seven Dials area. Varndean College located in North Brighton occupies a commanding position with views over the city. The 1920s building is celebrated for its wonderful facade and internal quads. The college now offers academic A levels and many vocational courses. The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education qualification in England, Northern Ireland and Wales,

There are numerous state schools, some of them faith schools. State school is an expression used in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to distinguish schools provided by the government from privately Education in England is the responsibility of the Department for Children Schools and Families and the Department for Innovation Universities and Skills of the Notable state schools include Dorothy Stringer, Blatchington Mill School and Sixth Form College, Varndean, Hove Park and Cardinal Newman (a large Roman Catholic secondary school, which also caters for the children of the city's large Coptic Orthodox community). Dorothy Stringer High School is situated in Brighton, England, UK. Blatchington Mill School is a Coeducational Secondary school in Hove, Brighton and Hove for 11 - 18 Hove Park is a Park within the English city of Brighton & Hove. Family John Henry Newman was born in London and was the eldest son of John Newman (d History of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria Apostolic foundation Egypt is identified in the Bible as the place of refuge that the

There are also a number of private schools, including Brighton College, Lancing Prep, Roedean School, a Steiner School and a Montessori School. An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding predominantly in the form of school fees Brighton College is an independent co-educational Public school in Brighton, England. Lancing College is a co-educational English Independent school, founded in 1848 by Rev Roedean School is an independent girls' school in Roedean village on the outskirts of Brighton, East Sussex in the United Kingdom. Waldorf education (also known as Steiner or Steiner-Waldorf education is a Pedagogy based upon the Educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner, the founder The Montessori method is an educational method for children based on theories of Child development originated by Italian educator Maria Montessori (1870-1952 As with the state schools, some of the independents are faith-based; Torah Academy, however, the last remaining Jewish primary school in the city, closed its doors at the end of the 2007 academic year. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut

In the summer, thousands of young students from all over Europe gather in the city to attend language courses at some of the many language schools across Brighton and Hove.

Politics

For the local authority, see Brighton and Hove

The city of Brighton and Hove is covered by part of the Brighton Kemptown constituency, Brighton Pavilion constituency and Hove constituency in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Council and directorates The leader of the council is Conservative Mary Mears Brighton Kemptown is a Constituency covering the Kemptown district in the city of Brighton and Hove. Brighton Pavilion is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Hove is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories All three Members of Parliament elected at the 2005 General Election were from the Labour Party. Results Overview For events leading up to the date of the election see article Pre-election day events of the United Kingdom general The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the The city is within the European Parliament constituency of South-East England. In six European Union Member States ( Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom) the national South East England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. The Green Party held a relatively high 22% of the vote in the Brighton Pavilion constituency in the 2005 general election, compared with 1% nationally, in addition to holding one of the ten European Parliament seats for the South East Region. The Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW (Plaid Werdd Cymru a Lloegr is the principal Green political party in England and Wales. Results Overview For events leading up to the date of the election see article Pre-election day events of the United Kingdom general The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU

The political campaigning group Justice? and its SchNEWS newspaper are based in Brighton, at The Cowley Club libertarian social centre; also in the town is the Brighton and Hove Palestine Solidarity Campaign. Justice? was part of a Direct action campaign based in Brighton, England, arguing against a Bill (piece of draft legislation in the British Parliament SchNEWS is a free weekly publication from Brighton, England, which has been running since November 1994 The Cowley Club is a libertarian Social centre in Brighton, England, UK. The Brighton and Hove Palestine Solidarity Campaign (Brighton and Hove PSC was established in Brighton and Hove, United Kingdom in 1997 as an affiliated branch of The presence of a British subsidiary of the United States arms company EDO Corporation in Moulsecoomb, Brighton, has been the cause of ongoing protests outside their premises since 2004. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the EDO Corporation was an American company which is now a wholly owned subsidiary of ITT Corporation ( Moulsecoomb is a large suburb of Brighton, part of the city of Brighton and Hove. ^[25]

Sport

Brighton is the home of Brighton & Hove Albion Football Club. Brighton and Hove Albion Football Club are an English football club based in the coastal city of Brighton & Hove, East Sussex. There is also an annual beach soccer competition held in a temporary stadium erected on a patch of specially imported sand on the beach. The inaugural contest in June 2002 featured football stars such as Eric Cantona and Matthew Le Tissier. Éric Daniel Pierre Cantona (born 24 May 1966 is a French former footballer of the late 1980s and 1990s Matthew Paul "Matt" Le Tissier (born 14 October 1968 is a retired footballer who played for Southampton and England.

Brighton also has a horse-racing course, Brighton Racecourse, with the unusual feature that when the full length of the course is to be used, some of the grass turf of the track has to be laid over the tarmac at the top of Wilson Avenue, a public road, which therefore has to be closed for the duration of races. This article is about the sport For other uses see Horserace (drinking game or Horse race (politics. Brighton Racecourse is a horse-racing course at Brighton, East Sussex in England for flat races of up to about one and a half miles

Brighton is also home to Brighton Football Club (RFU)^[26] which is one of the oldest Rugby Clubs in England.

Brighton Bears are one of the most successful teams in the British Basketball League. The Brighton Bears are a British Basketball team based in Brighton, Sussex.

Brighton plays host to Brighton Ultimate, an ultimate Frisbee team. Ultimate (often called Ultimate Frisbee in reference to the trademarked brand name) is a non-contact Team sport played with a 175 gram Flying ^[27] The team was set up in 1985 and is one of the country's longest running clubs. It has produced players who have gone on to play at international level.

The Brighton Tsunami American Football Club was started in 2000 for students of the University of Brighton. The Brighton Tsunami are a member of the British Universities American Football League (BUAFL 's Southern Conference-Southern Division The University of Brighton (formerly Brighton Polytechnic until its re-designation in 1992 is a multi-site University based in the City of Brighton It plays at that University's Falmer site, between November and March. ^[28]

Motorcycle speedway racing was staged at the Brighton and Hove Greyhound Stadium for a short period in 1928.

The city of Brighton and Hove has public pétanque terrains on the seafront. Pétanque (petɑ̃ːk in French is a form of Boules where the goal is while standing with the feet together in a small circle to throw metal balls as close as possible ^[29]

There are also find yachting clubs based at the marina, such as SailnetUK. Brighton Marina is a large man-made Marina situated in Brighton, England.

Transport

Main article: Transport in Brighton and Hove

Public transport in Brighton has a history dating back to 1840. The public transport in Brighton and Hove (on the south coast of England) has a history dating back to 1840 Today it has a major railway station, an extensive bus service, a large number of taxis, coach services, a Rapid Transport System^[30][31] is under construction and in the past it has had trolley buses, ferries, trams and hydrofoil services. The public transport in Brighton and Hove (on the south coast of England) has a history dating back to 1840 The public transport in Brighton and Hove (on the south coast of England) has a history dating back to 1840 The public transport in Brighton and Hove (on the south coast of England) has a history dating back to 1840 The public transport in Brighton and Hove (on the south coast of England) has a history dating back to 1840 The public transport in Brighton and Hove (on the south coast of England) has a history dating back to 1840

Frequent train services operate from Brighton Station. Brighton railway station is the principal railway station in the city of Brighton and Hove, on the south coast of England. Destinations include London Victoria, London Bridge, Gatwick Airport, Portsmouth, Ashford, Kent, Reading, Berkshire and Bedford. London Victoria is a major London Underground, National Rail and Coach station in the City of Westminster. London Bridge station is a National Rail and London Underground station in the London Borough of Southwark, which occupies a large area on two levels immediately Gatwick Airport is London 's second largest Airport and the second busiest airport in the United Kingdom after Heathrow. History See also History of Portsmouth There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times mostly being offshoots of Portchester, which The town of Ashford lies on the River Great Stour, M20 motorway, South Eastern Main Line and High Speed 1 railways in the borough of Ashford Reading (ˈrɛdɪŋ as Redding) is a town in England, located at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, midway between Bedford is the County town of Bedfordshire, England. It is a large town and the administrative centre for the Bedford borough Twice-daily services also operate to Birmingham and Manchester, and via Bristol to Wales. Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London The fastest service from London Victoria takes 51 minutes. ^[32]

Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company operates a comprehensive local bus service with a fleet of about 300 buses. Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company operates almost all bus services in the city of Brighton and Hove, United Kingdom. There is also a limited night-bus service. Brighton seafront is also the home of the Volks Electric Railway, the worlds oldest electric railway. Volk's Electric Railway (VER is the oldest operating electric railway in the world (the worlds first electric railway in Lichterfelde from 1881 is not operating anymore

See also

• Brighton in fiction
• Brighton in film
• Eurovision Song Contest 1974
• List of people from Brighton and Hove
• The Argus (newspaper)
• Royal Alexandra Hospital for Sick Children
• Brighton hotel bombing

References and notes

External links

• Brighton at the Open Directory Project
• Brighton & Hove City Council - home page. The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
• Brighton & Hove Tourist Information: Brighton Beach, Pier, Centre, Hotel. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
• Brighton Fringe Festival 2008 reviews.
• Brighton Festival 2008 - Welcome to the 42nd Brighton Festival. Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
• Brighton Fringe Festival 2007. 5th May - 28th May 2007.. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
• Brighton nightlife listings, clubbing photos & directory.. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
• Brighton Map.. Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
• Brighton from Space - Satellite image of Brighton courtesy of Google Maps. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
• Brighton Museum & Art Gallery. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
• My Brighton and Hove. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
• History of Brighton and the Royal Pavilion palace. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
• Brighton, Sussex, Theatres and Halls - Index. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
• Brighton & Hove in Pictures. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
• Brighton Cross - A straight line walk across Brighton.
• Phoenix Arts Association.
• Brighton People Photo Resource.

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