- For the boxer, see Bridgett Riley. For the painter see Bridget Riley. Bridgett Riley (born May 13, 1973) is a female boxer from Oakville
| Bridget Riley | |
 Movement in Squares, 1961. |
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| Birth name | Bridget Louise Riley |
| Born | April 24, 1931 London, England, United Kingdom |
| Nationality | British |
| Field | painting, drawing and sculpture |
| Training | Goldsmiths College, Royal College of Art |
| Movement | optical art |
Bridget Louise Riley CH CBE (born April 24, 1931 in Norwood[1], London) is an English painter who is one of the foremost proponents of op art, art that exploits the fallibility of the human eye. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For the Memphis department store see Goldsmith's. For other uses of the term "Goldsmiths" see Goldsmith (disambiguation. The Royal College of Art ( RCA) is a University in London, England. Op art, also known as optical art, is a genre of visual Art, especially Painting, that makes use of Optical illusions Op art is also known as The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. West Norwood (sometimes referred to as Norwood) is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Op art, also known as optical art, is a genre of visual Art, especially Painting, that makes use of Optical illusions Op art is also known as Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Eyes are organs that detect Light, and send signals along the Optic nerve to the visual areas of the brain
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Early life
Riley was educated at Cheltenham Ladies' College; she studied art first at Goldsmiths College and later at the Royal College of Art, where her fellow students included artists Peter Blake and Frank Auerbach. Cheltenham Ladies' College is an independent boarding and day school for girls located in Cheltenham, a spa town in the English Cotswolds in the county Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual For the Memphis department store see Goldsmith's. For other uses of the term "Goldsmiths" see Goldsmith (disambiguation. The Royal College of Art ( RCA) is a University in London, England. Sir Peter Thomas Blake, CBE (born 25 June 1932 in Dartford, Kent) is an English Pop artist best known for his design of the sleeve for Frank Helmut Auerbach (born April 29, 1931) is a German -born British painter. She left college early to look after her ailing father, and suffered a mental breakdown shortly thereafter. Mental breakdown (also known as nervous breakdown or snapping) is a non-medical term used to describe a sudden acute attack of Mental illness such as After recovery, she worked in a number of jobs, including several as an art teacher, and briefly in the art department of the advertising company J. Walter Thompson. Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual James Walter Thompson ( 28 October 1847 – 16 October 1928) was the namesake of the JWT Advertising agency and a pioneer
Career
In the late 1950s, Riley began to produce works in a style recognisably her own, a style inspired by a number of sources. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive A study of the pointillism of Georges Seurat, and subsequent landscapes produced in that style, led to her interest in optical effects. See also Neo-Impressionism Pointillism is a style of Painting in which small distinct points of Primary colors create the impression of a wide selection Georges-Pierre Seurat ( December 2, 1859 &ndash March 29, 1891) was a French painter and Draftsman. For the art of designing external spaces see Landscape architecture. The paintings of Victor Vasarely, who had used designs of black and white lines since the 1930s also had a strong influence on Riley's early works. Victor Vasarely (Vásárhelyi Győző ( 9 April, 1906, Pécs - 15 March, 1997, Paris) was a Hungarian The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. In her later works, the influence of the futurists, especially Giacomo Balla, can also be observed. Futurism was an Art movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century Giacomo Balla ( July 18, 1871 - March 1, 1958) was an Italian painter
It was during this time that Riley began to paint the black and white works for which she is best known today. They present a great variety of geometric forms that produce sensations of movement or colour. In the early 1960s, her works were said to induce sensations in viewers as varied as seasickness and sky diving. Works in this style comprised her first solo show in London in 1962 at Gallery One run by Victor Musgrave, as well as numerous subsequent shows. Victor Musgrave (died 1984 was a British Poet, art dealer and curator Visually, these works relate to many concerns of the period: a perceived need for audience participation (this relates them to the Happenings, for which the period is famous), challenges to the notion of the mind-body duality which led some people to experiment with hallucinogenic drugs (see Aldous Huxley's writings); concerns with a tension between a scientific future which might be very beneficial or might lead to a nuclear war; and fears about the loss of genuine individual experience in a Brave New World. Aldous Leonard Huxley (26 July 1894 &ndash 22 November 1963 was an English writer and one of the most prominent members of the famous Huxley family. [2]
Although remembered today mainly for the impressions of movement and colour they give through the exploitation of optical illusions, it is speculated that the impetus for Riley making these seemingly cold and calculated works was a failed love affair. This article is about visual perception See Optical Illusion (Album for information about the Time Requiem album One of the more famous works in this style is Fall (1963).
International career
In 1965, Riley exhibited in the New York City show, The Responsive Eye (organised by Victor Vasarely), the exhibition which first drew attention to so-called Op art. The City of New York Victor Vasarely (Vásárhelyi Győző ( 9 April, 1906, Pécs - 15 March, 1997, Paris) was a Hungarian One of her paintings was reproduced on the cover of the show's catalogue, though Riley later became disillusioned with the movement, and expressed regret that her work was exploited for commercial purposes.
Following a major retrospective in the early 1970s, Riley began traveling extensively. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After a trip to Egypt in the early 1980s, where she was inspired by colourful hieroglyphic decoration, Riley began to explore colour and contrast. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) In some works, lines of colour are used to created a shimmering effect, , while in other works, the canvas is filled with tessellating patterns. A tessellation or tiling of the plane is a collection of Plane figures that fills the plane with no overlaps and no gaps In 1986 Riley met the postmodern painters Philip Taaffe and Ross Bleckner, and was inspired to introduce a diagonal element to her work. Philip Taaffe (born 1955 is an American Artist Taaffe was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey and studied at the Cooper Union in New Ross Bleckner (born 1949 is an American Artist. Life and work Ross Bleckner was born in New York City. Typical of these later colourful works is Shadow Play.
In many works since this period, Riley has employed others to paint the pieces, while she concentrates on the actual design of her work.
The tasks and duties of an artist
Riley made the following statement about the nature of artistic work, in her lecture 'Painting Now':
- 'When Samuel Beckett was a young name in the early Thirties and trying to find a basis from which he could develop, he wrote an essay known as Beckett/Proust in which he examined Proust's views of creative work; and he quotes Proust's artistic credo as declared in Time Regained - "the tasks and duties of a writer [not an artist, a writer] are those of a translator". Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989 was an Irish Writer, Dramatist and poet Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust (maʁsɛl pʁust (10 July 1871 &ndash 18 November 1922 was a French Novelist Essayist and Critic In Search of Lost Time or Remembrance of Things Past (À la recherche du temps perdu is a semi-autobiographical This could also be said of a composer, a painter or anyone practising an artistic metier. An artist is someone with a text which he or she wants to decipher.
- 'Beckett interprets Proust as being convinced that such a text cannot be created or invented but only discovered within the artist himself, and that it is, as it were, almost a law of his own nature. It is his most precious possession, and, as Proust explains, the source of his innermost happiness. However, as can be seen from the practice of the great artists, although the text may be strong and durable and able to support a lifetime's work, it cannot be taken for granted and there is no guarantee of permanent possession. It may be mislaid or even lost, and retrieval is very difficult. It may lie dormant and be discovered late in life after a long struggle, as with Mondrian or Proust himself. Pieter Cornelis (Piet Mondriaan, after 1912 Mondrian, (pronounced Dutch pit 'mɔndrian later pit 'mɔndɹiɔn ( March 7, 1872 &ndash February Why it should be that some people have this sort of text while others do not, and what 'meaning' it has, is not something which lends itself to argument. Nor is it up to the artist to decide how important it is, or what value it has for other people. To ascertain this is perhaps beyond even the capacities of his own time. '
(NB. Riley is using 'text' here to mean not only written documents, but any phenomena subject to interpretation, such as experiences or perceptions)
From: 'Painting Now', 23rd William Townsend Memorial Lecture, given by Bridget Riley CBE at Slade School of Art, London, 29 November 1996, quoted in article 'A plea for Painting', by Michael Bracewell, The Guardian Weekend 15 March 1997
External links
- Biography of Bridget Riley
- Karsten Schubert, agent and dealer for Bridget Riley
- Biography and images of paintings
- Ongoing exhibition at Narborough Hall, Norfolk, England
- Ongoing exhibitions of Bridget Riley
- Bridget Riley exhibition at Abbot Hall Art Gallery, 1998-9
References
- ^ Bridget Riley: Paintings - An Overview Of Her Art
- ^ See Frances Follin, Embodied Visions: Bridget Riley, Op Art and the Sixties, Thames and Hudson 2004
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