| Ă | ă |
| Ắ | ắ |
| Ằ | ằ |
| Ẳ | ẳ |
| Ẵ | ẵ |
| Ặ | ặ |
| Ĕ | ĕ |
| Ḝ | ḝ |
| Ğ | ğ |
| Ḫ | ḫ |
| Ĭ | ĭ |
| Ŏ | ŏ |
| Ŭ | ŭ |
A breve (Latin brevis "short, brief") is a diacritical mark ˘, shaped like the bottom half of a circle. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation It looks similar to caron (a. Names Usage differs as to the name of this diacritic In the field of typography the term "caron" seems to be more popular k. a. wedge or háček), but the caron has a sharp tip, whilst the breve is rounded. Compare Ǎ ǎ Ě ě Ǐ ǐ Ǒ ǒ Ǔ ǔ (caron) with Ă ă Ĕ ĕ Ĭ ĭ Ŏ ŏ Ŭ ŭ (breve).
Contents |
Length
The breve sign indicates a short vowel, as opposed to the macron ¯ which indicates long vowels, in academic transcription. A macron, from Greek el μακρόv ( makrón) meaning "long" is a Diacritic ¯ placed over or under a Vowel which was originally It is often used this way in dictionaries and textbooks of Latin, Ancient Greek and some other languages, such as Tuareg. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Tuareg (or Tamasheq/Tamajaq/Tamahaq) is a Berber language or family of closely related languages spoken by the Tuareg, in many parts of Mali (However, there is a frequent convention of indicating only – but all – the long vowels: it is then understood that a vowel with no macron is short. A macron, from Greek el μακρόv ( makrón) meaning "long" is a Diacritic ¯ placed over or under a Vowel which was originally )
In the Cyrillic alphabet, a breve is used for Й (a semivowel I). The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Semivowels — also known as glides or non-syllabic vowels —are Vowels that form Diphthongs with full syllabic vowels In Belarusian, it is used for both the Cyrillic Ў (semivowel U) and in the Latin (Łacinka) Ŭ. The Belarusian language, or Belorussian,(беларуская мова BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: belaruskaja mova Short U (Ў ў is a letter of the Belarusian Cyrillic alphabet. The Belarusian Latin alphabet (also known as Latsinka (in BGN/PCGN) or Łacinka (in itself from лацінка, informal for the Latin alphabet Ў was also used in Cyrillic Uzbek under the Soviet Union. Uzbek ( O‘zbek tili or O'zbekcha in Latin script, Ўзбек тили in Cyrillic script; أۇزبېك ﺗﻴﻠی in Arabic The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 In the Chuvash a breve is used for Cyrillic letters Ӑ (A-breve) and Ӗ (Ye-breve). Chuvash (Chuvash Чӑвашла Čăvašla, ʨəʋaʂˈla also known as Chăvash, Chuwash, Chovash, Chavash, Çuvaş
In Esperanto it is used above the U to form a non-syllabic U, similar to English W in sound. is by far the most widely spoken constructed International auxiliary language in the world Semivowels — also known as glides or non-syllabic vowels —are Vowels that form Diphthongs with full syllabic vowels
Other uses
In other languages, it is used for other purposes.
- In Romanian it is used above the A to represent the schwa (ə) vowel, as in măr (apple). Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral
- G-breve appears in the Azerbaijani, Tatar, and Turkish alphabets. Ğ, or ğ, is a letter known as g- Breve in English, used in the Turkish, Azerbaijani, Berber, Crimean Two scripts are currently used for the Tatar language: Cyrillic and Latin. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. In Turkish, Ğ/ğ lengthens the preceding vowel. It is thus placed between two vowels and is silent in standard Turkish, but may be pronounced as /g/ in some regional dialects or varieties closer to Ottoman Turkish.
- The breve, together with circumflex and horn, are used in the Vietnamese language to represent additional vowels. Pitch The circumflex accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred (subject to certain rules on the accented syllable See also Ơ Ư Hook (diacritic Acute accent Apostrophe Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam)
- Interlingua has no diacritical marks, so the breve appears only in an occasional loanword. Interlingua is an International auxiliary language (IAL developed between 1937 and 1951 by the International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA
- The McCune-Reischauer Romanization of the Korean hangul script uses breves, not carons, over o and u to indicate the vowels ㅓ (ŏ) and ㅡ (ŭ). McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which [1]
Note that Pinyin uses the caron, not the breve, to indicate the third tone of Mandarin Chinese. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Names Usage differs as to the name of this diacritic In the field of typography the term "caron" seems to be more popular Tone is the use of pitch in Language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is to distinguish or inflect words
Encoding breves
Unicode and HTML numeric entities for breve letters
| Diacritical marks |
accent
breve ( ˘ )
hook / dấu hỏi ( ̉ ) |
| Marks sometimes used as diacritics |
apostrophe ( ’ ) |
| Name | Letter | Unicode | HTML Entity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latin | ||||
| A-breve | Ă ă | U+0102 U+0103 | Ă ă | |
| E-breve | Ĕ ĕ | U+0114 U+0115 | Ĕ ĕ | |
| I-breve | Ĭ ĭ | U+012C U+012D | Ĭ ĭ | |
| O-breve | Ŏ ŏ | U+014E U+014F | Ŏ ŏ | |
| U-breve | Ŭ ŭ | U+016C U+016D | Ŭ ŭ | |
| Azerbaijani, Tatar, Turkish | ||||
| G-breve | Ğ ğ | U+011E U+011F | Ğ ğ | |
| Vietnamese | ||||
| A-Sắc-breve | Ắ ắ | U+1EAE U+1EAF | Ắ ắ | |
| A-Huyền-breve | Ằ ằ | U+1EB0 U+1EB1 | Ằ ằ | |
| A-Hỏi-breve | Ẳ ẳ | U+1EB2 U+1EB3 | Ẳ ẳ | |
| A-Ngã-breve | Ẵ ẵ | U+1EB4 U+1EB5 | Ẵ ẵ | |
| A-Nặng-breve | Ặ ặ | U+1EB6 U+1EB7 | Ặ ặ | |
| Cyrillic | ||||
| Short I | Й й | U+0419 U+0439 | Й й | |
| U short | Ў ў | U+040E U+045E | Ў ў | |
| A-breve | Ӑ ӑ | U+04D0 U+04D1 | Ӑ ӑ | |
| Ye-breve | Ӗ ӗ | U+04D6 U+04D7 | Ӗ ӗ | |
Notes
- ^ For example, that word 한글 han-geul is Romanized in McCune-Reischauer as han'gŭl. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's In SGML and its derived Markup languages HTML and XML, an entity is a named body of data associated with a document or the unnamed document A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. The double acute accent ( ˝) is a Diacritic mark of the Latin script used primarily in written Hungarian. Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the See also Grave accent Double acute accent International Phonetic Alphabet Names Usage differs as to the name of this diacritic In the field of typography the term "caron" seems to be more popular Pitch The circumflex accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred (subject to certain rules on the accented syllable Diaeresis or trema See also Diaeresis History Historically the diaeresis mark or trema is far older than the umlaut mark Overdot See also Anusvara Language scripts or transcription schemes that use the dot above a letter as a diacritical mark In Arabic romanization Anusvara (Dev अनुस्वार anusvāra) is the diacritic used to mark a type of Nasalization used in a number of Indic languages. Anusvara (Dev अनुस्वार anusvāra) is the diacritic used to mark a type of Nasalization used in a number of Indic languages. This article is about chandrabindu the character in several Brahmi derived scripts See also Horn (diacritic Ɓ ɓ Ƈ ƈ Ɗ ɗ Ɠ ɠ See also Ơ Ư Hook (diacritic Acute accent Apostrophe A macron, from Greek el μακρόv ( makrón) meaning "long" is a Diacritic ¯ placed over or under a Vowel which was originally The ogonek ( Polish for "little tail" the Diminutive of ogon) is a Diacritic hook placed under the lower right corner of a vowel in the A ring Diacritic may appear above or below letters It may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in various contexts The spiritus asper ( Latin for "rough breathing" δασὺ πνεῦμα dasỳ pneûma or daseîa) is a diacritical mark used in A bar or stroke is a modification consisting of a line drawn through a Grapheme. A comma ( , is a Punctuation mark It has the same shape as an Apostrophe or single closing Quotation mark in many typefaces but it differs A hyphen ( -) is a Punctuation mark It is used for both Words to join and to separate Syllables It is often confused with the dashes The tilde (~ (/ˈtɪldə/ is a Grapheme with several uses The name of the character comes from Spanish, from the Latin titulus Titlo is an extended Diacritic symbol first used in Old Cyrillic manuscripts e Ă ( Upper case) or ă ( Lower case) usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian language Ŭ or ŭ is a letter in the Belarusian language, when written in the 20th cent Ğ, or ğ, is a letter known as g- Breve in English, used in the Turkish, Azerbaijani, Berber, Crimean Short U (Ў ў is a letter of the Belarusian Cyrillic alphabet. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which The spelling han-geul is based on South Korea's Revised Romanization of Korean adopted in 2000 in part for ease in computer use, not on McCune-Reischauer. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which It is common, for convenience, to omit writing all diacritical marks in McCune Reishchauer including breves, in which case the word is spelled hangul not han'gŭl. North Korea uses a variant of McCune-Reischauer that also utilizes breves for those two vowels. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia,
See also
External links
| The ISO basic Latin alphabet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Pp | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz | |
Letters using breve sign history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dictionary
breve
-noun
- (orthography): A semicircular diacritical mark placed above a vowel, with the bowl of the mark opening upward.
- (music): A whole note.
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