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Breast fetishism (also known as: mastofact, or breast partialism)[1] is a type of sexual preference. The term is used to describe the reliance on breasts as a stimulus for sexual arousal. [2][3]

The phrase breast fetishism is also used within ethnographic and feminist contexts to describe a society which displays an irrational devotion to breasts. Ethnography ( Greek ethnos = people and graphein = writing is a genre of writing that uses Fieldwork to provide a descriptive Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate The breast is the upper Ventral region of an animal’s Torso, particularly that of Mammals including Human beings. [4][5]

Contents

History

American author Elizabeth Gould Davis in The First Sex (published 1971) attempts to reveal this fetish through a history dating back to the neolithic era and the goddess shrines of Catal Huyuk (in modern Turkey). Elizabeth Gould Davis (1910–1974 was an American Librarian who wrote a Feminist book called The First Sex. The First Sex is a 1971 book by the American librarian Elizabeth Gould Davis, considered part of the second wave of feminism. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos Çatalhöyük (ʧɑtɑl højyk in Turkish also Çatal Höyük and Çatal Hüyük, or any of the three without Diacritics çatal is Turkish Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Archaeological excavations of the town c. 1960 revealed that the walls of the shrine(s) were adorned with disembodied pairs of "mam-maries" that appeared to have "an existence of their own". The breasts (along with phalluses) were revered by the women of Catal Huyuk as instruments of motherhood, but it was after what Davis describes as a patriarchal revolution – when men had appropriated both phallus worship and "the breast fetish" for themselves – that these organs "acquired the erotic significance with which they are now endowed". The word phallus can refer to an erect Penis, or to an object shaped like a penis Çatalhöyük (ʧɑtɑl højyk in Turkish also Çatal Höyük and Çatal Hüyük, or any of the three without Diacritics çatal is Turkish [6]

The reverence and theorising shown to breasts also appears in the science of modern society, as claimed in a proposal that "breast fetishism" is an example of a contagious thought (or meme) spreading throughout society,[7] or the British zoologist and ethologist Desmond Morris, who in the 1960s proposed in The Naked Ape that the evolution and design of breasts is primarily for influencing human sexuality through signalling (see Biosemiotics), rather than serving an exclusive maternal function. A meme (miːm consists of any idea or behavior that can pass from one person to another by learning or imitation Zoology (from Greek ζῷον, zoon, "animal" + λόγος, " Logos " "knowledge" is the branch of Ethology ( from Greek ἦθος ethos, "character" and λόγος logos, "knowledge") is the scientific study of Animal For the Australian rugby league footballer coach and administrator see Des Morris Desmond John Morris (born 24 January 1928 Biosemiotics (from the Greek bios meaning "life" and semeion meaning "sign" is a growing field that studies the production action

Nacirema and the USA

In 1957, the American Anthropological Association published a parody essay Body Ritual among the Nacirema by the anthropologist Horace Miner which satirized - by alluding to "the magical beliefs and practices" of the Nacirema tribe - the attitudes to the human body within American culture. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Founded in 1902 the American Anthropological Association (AAA is the world’s largest professional organization of scholars and practitioners in the field of Anthropology. Various sociologists have used the term Nacirema to examine (with a degree/pretense of anthropological self-distancing aspects of the behavior and society of American Horace Mitchell Miner (born on May 26, 1912, in St Paul Minnesota - died in Ann Arbor Michigan in November 1993 was an anthropologist particularly The Nacirema society is described as practising rites of increasing or decreasing breast size in comic opposition to natural circumstances; a process which is motivated by a dissatisfaction with the idealized form of breast(s) existing virtually outside human variation. Brassiere sizes are commonly labeled by manufacturers with a code consisting of a number and one or more Latin Capital letters, the number referring to the circumference Miner goes on to describe the fetishistic situation with which the few women with "hypermammary development" find themselves; ". . . (they) are so idolized that they make a handsome living by simply going from village to village and permitting the natives to stare at them for a fee". [8]

Some authors from the USA say breast fetishism is predominantly found in the USA. [9][10][11] The critic Molly Haskell, a feminist from the USA, goes as far as to say that: "The mammary fixation is the most infantile, and the most American, of the sex fetishes". Molly Haskell (born September 29, 1939 in Charlotte, North Carolina) is a feminist Film critic and author [12]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Hickey, 2003. is a genre of Pornographic media focusing on the depiction of women with large Breasts (usually around an H cup see Bra sizes) Breast ironing is a form of Body modification practiced in parts of Cameroon. Cleavage enhancement encompasses a range of techniques used temporarily to improve the appearance of a person's breast cleavage or to create the illusion of breast cleavage on Super Bowl XXXVIII, which was broadcast live on February 1, 2004 from Houston Texas on the CBS television network in the
  2. ^ Bass, 2000. (p. 163).
  3. ^ McConaghy, 1993. (p. 319).
  4. ^ Evans, 1989. (p. 34).
  5. ^ Glazier, & Flowerday, 2003. (p. 58).
  6. ^ Davis, 1971. (p. 105).
  7. ^ Marsden, 1999.
  8. ^ Miner, 1956.
  9. ^ Miller, 2006. (p. 74).
  10. ^ Latteier, 1998.
  11. ^ Morrison, & Holden, 1971.
  12. ^ Molly Haskell, see source. Molly Haskell (born September 29, 1939 in Charlotte, North Carolina) is a feminist Film critic and author

References

  • Bass, Alan. (2000). Difference and Disavowal: The Trauma of Eros, The Part Object. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804738289.
  • Davis, Elizabeth Gould. (1971). The First Sex: The Breast Fetish. Penguin Books.
  • Evans, Phil. (1989). Motivation and Emotion. Routledge. ISBN 0415014751.
  • Glazier, Stephen D. & Flowerday, Charles A. (2003). Selected Readings in the Anthropology of Religion: Theoretical and Methodological Essays. Praeger/Greenwood (Pub. ) ISBN 0313300909.
  • Hickey, Eric W. (2003). Encyclopaedia of Murder and Violent Crime. Sage Publications Inc. ISBN 076192437X.
  • Latteier, Carolyn. (1998). Breasts: A Woman's Perspective on an American Obsession. Haworth Press. ISBN 0789004224.
  • McConaghy, Nathaniel. (1993). Sexual Behavior: Problems and Management. Springer (Publisher). ISBN 0306441772.
  • Marsden, Paul. (1999). Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation. Review of "Thought Contagion: How Belief Spreads through Society".. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
  • Miller, Laura. (2006). Beauty Up: Exploring Contemporary Japanese Body Aesthetics. University of California Press. ISBN 0520245091.
  • Miner, Horace Mitchell. (June 1956). wikisource:Body Ritual among the Nacirema, from American Anthropologist, vol 58. American Anthropologist is the flagship journal of the American Anthropological Association (AAA
  • Morris, Desmond. (1967). The Naked Ape. Jonathan Cape.
  • Morrison, D. E. , and C. P. Holden. (1971). The Burning Bra: The American Breast Fetish and Women's Liberation. In Deviance and Change, ed. P. K. Manning. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice Hall.

Further reading

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