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For other uses, see Break.

In popular music a break is an instrumental or percussion section or interlude during a song derived from or related to stop-time – being a "break" from the main parts of the song or piece. Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more An instrumental is a Musical composition or recording without Lyrics or any other sort of Vocal music; all of the Music is produced by In Music, stop-time is according to Samuel A Floyd Jr "a musical device in which the forward flow of the music stops or seems to stop suspended in a Rhythmic In Music, a section is "a complete but not independent Musical idea " (Bye 1993 p

In DJ parlance, a break is where all elements of a song (e. A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience g. , pads, basslines, vocals), except for percussion, disappear for a time. This is distinguished from a breakdown, a section where the composition is deliberately deconstructed to minimal elements (usually the percussion or rhythm section with the vocal re-introduced over the minimal backing), all other parts having been gradually or suddenly cut out. In Music, a section is "a complete but not independent Musical idea " (Bye 1993 p (Brewster and Broughton 2003, p. 79)

The distinction between breaks and breakdowns may be described as, "Breaks are for the drummer; breakdowns are for hands in the air" (ibid). Breaks are virtuoso solos, while breakdowns are created to structure the music for dancing and creating contrast and climaxes. Examples of the elements left during a breakdown include "a single string note, a German woman having an orgasm, or the voice of God telling you to take drugs" (Brewster and Broughton 2003, p. 79).

In hip hop and electronica, a short break is also known as "the drop", and is sometimes accented by cutting off everything, even the percussion. The drop is the point in a track where a switch of Rhythm or Bassline occurs and usually follows a recognizable build section and "breakdown"

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Break

A break may be described as when the song takes a "breather, drops down to some exciting percussion, and then comes storming back again" and compared to a fake ending. Breaks usually occur two-thirds to three-quarters of the way through a song (Brewster and Broughton 2003, p. 79).

According to Peter van der Merwe (1989, p. Peter van der Merwe was born in Cape Town, South Africa. He is a Musicologist, Author, and Librarian at the Natal Society 283) a break "occurs when the voice stops at the end of a phrase and is answered by a snatch of accompaniment," and originated from the bass runs of marches of the "Sousa school". A bass run (or "bass break" is a short Instrumental break or fill in which the bass instrument, such as an electric bass or a In this case it would be a "break" from the vocal part.

According to David Toop (1991), "the word break or breaking is a music and dance term (as well as a proverb) that goes back a long way. David Toop (born 5 May 1949) is an English Musician and Author, and as of 2001 was visiting Research Fellow in the Media School at London Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Some tunes, like 'Buck Dancer's Lament' from early in the nineteenth century, featured a two-bar silence in every eight bars for the break--a quick showcase of improvised dance steps. Others used the same device for a solo instrumental break: one of the most fetishized fragments of recorded music is a famous four-bar break taken by Charlie Parker in Dizzy Gillespie's tune 'Night in Tunisia'. John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie ( October 21 1917 &ndash January 6 1993) was an American Jazz Trumpeter " A Night in Tunisia " is a Musical composition written by Dizzy Gillespie in 1942 while he was playing with the Earl Hines Band "

However, in Hip Hop, "today the term break refers to any segment of music (usually four measures or less) that could be sampled and repeated [see break beat below]. In Music, sampling is the act of taking a portion or sample, of one Sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording In Popular music a break is an Instrumental or percussion section or interlude during a song derived from or related to Stop-time &ndash being . . . A break is any expanse of music that is thought of as a break by a producer. " In the words of DJ Jazzy Jay (Leland and Stein 1987: 26, cited in Schloss 2004), "Maybe those records [whose breaks are sampled] were ahead of their time. Jazzy Jay (b John Byas in Beaufort, South Carolina, United States, November 18, 1961) also known as The Original Maybe they were made specifically for the rap era; these people didn't know what they were making at that time. They thought, 'Oh, we want to make a jazz record'". (Schloss 2004, p. 36-37)

Break beat

A break beat is the sampling of breaks as drum loops (beats), originally from soul tracks, and using them as the rhythmic basis for hip-hop and rap songs. In Music, sampling is the act of taking a portion or sample, of one Sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording In Electronic music, a loop is a sample which is repeated Loops may be repeated through the use of Tape loops delay effects cutting between Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos. Rapping (also known as emceeing, MCing, spitting, or just rhyming) is the Rhythmic spoken delivery of Rhymes wordplay and It was invented by DJ Kool Herc, the first to buy two copies of one record so as to be able to mix between the same break or, as Bronx DJ Afrika Bambaataa describes, "that certain part of the record that everybody waits for--they just let their inner self go and get wild," extending its length through repetition (Toop, 1991). Clive Campbell (born April 16 1955 AKA Kool Herc, DJ Kool Herc and Kool DJ Herc, is a Jamaican-born DJ who is credited as originating Hip hop Afrika Bambaataa (born Kevin Donovan on April 17, 1957) is an American DJ from the South Bronx, who was instrumental in the The dance the boys and girls ended up doing to break beats was called the Break, break dancing. Breakdance, breaking, b-boying or b-girling is a Street dance style that evolved as part of the hip hop movement among Breaking was abandoned in favor of doing the Freak in 1978 until it was revived and enhanced by Crazy Legs, Frosty Freeze, and the Rock Steady Crew. Wayne "Frosty Freeze" Frost ( December 4 1963 - April 3 2008) also known as The Freeze To Please, was an American Old Rock Steady Crew is a Breakdancing crew and hip hop group that was established in the Bronx, More recently electronic artists have created "break beats" from other electronic music. Compare with "breakbeat" below.

Although DJ Kool Herc is usually credited with being the first to cut between two copies of a record, it is likely that there were a number of like-minded DJ's developing the technique at the same time. For example, Walter Gibbons was noted in first-hand accounts by his peers for cutting two copies of the same record in his Discoteque gigs of the mid 1970s.

Hip hop break beat compilations include Hardcore Break Beats and Break Beats, and Drum Drops (Toop, 1991).

Breakbeat

Main article: Breakbeat

Breakbeat as a genre would not appear in any commercial sense until well after the advent of inexpensive digital sampling equipment. Breakbeat (sometimes breakbeats or breaks) is a term used to describe a collection of sub- genres of Electronic music, usually characterized Breakbeat (sometimes breakbeats or breaks) is a term used to describe a collection of sub- genres of Electronic music, usually characterized The genre itself (outside of a hip-hop usage for this style) can be traced commercially to the group Coldcut in Great Britain, who started by looping very small sections of analogue tape to form such records as "Beats and Pieces" and "That Greedy Beat". Coldcut is a Dance music duo comprising English DJs Matt Black and Jonathan More best known for their hit "Doctorin' The They were inspired by a number of New York hip-hop DJ's, but did not release their recordings in a broader context of Rap music. Coldcut's efforts were equally aligned with house music and dub reggae, as well as being self-standing compositions "sans MC". Aside from the remix of Eric B. and Rakim's "Paid in Full", Coldcut would not align with a rapper until U. S. label Tommy Boy foisted Queen Latifah on the group's "Smoke This One" (originally released as an instrumental composition).

Breakdown

Disco mixer and remixer Tom Moulton invented the "disco break" or breakdown section in the early 1970s. Tom Moulton (born 1940 is an American Record producer and originator of the Remix, the breakdown section, and the 12-inch single Moulton had been remixing a dance record and found that the performance had "immaculated" (gone up in pitch as live performances are prone to doing), and this fact would be noticed unless he separated two sections of the recording with non-tonal information. [1] He edited in a section of drums, and the aesthetic effect was immediately found to be pleasing to dancers. The placement was also useful for club DJ's, providing a rhythm-only section of the recording over which to begin mixing in the next record to be played. Mr. Moulton has maintained that his innovation was an accident (ibid). The placement followed the patterning of a traditional pop recording: it replaced the bridge typically found in such a record after the second chorus. This article is about a bridge section in a piece of popular or classical music A clear example is the breakdown in "My Lovin' (Never Gonna' Get It)" by En Vogue: a sampled male voice can be heard introducing this part of the record with the sentence "and now it's time for a breakdown". Longer tracks often have two, three or more breakdowns.

Initially the transition to the breakdown was an abrupt absence of most of the arrangement in a disco record as described above. HiNRG records would typically use a pronounced percussive element, such as a drum fill, to cover the transition, and later genres reach the breakdown section by a gradual reduction of elements. In all genres the stripping away of other instruments and vocals ("breaking-down" the arrangement) helps create intense contrast, with breakdowns usually preceding or following heightened musical climaxes. In Music, an arrangement refers either to a rewriting of a piece of existing Music with additional new material or to a fleshing-out of a compositional sketch such In many dance records, the breakdown often consists of a stripping away of the pitched elements (most instruments) - and often the percussion is cut too - but an adding of an unpitched noise sound effect. Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic is a one volume manga created by Tsutomu Nihei as a prequel to his ten-volume work Blame!. For the album by The Jam see Sound Affects. Sound effects or audio effects are artificially created or enhanced Sounds This is often treated with a lot of reverb and rises in tone to create an exciting climax. Reverberation is the persistence of Sound in a particular space after the original sound is removed This noise then cuts to a beat of silence before returning to the musical part of the record.

Metal and punk

The breakdown in the metal and hardcore punk genres is where a band will usually play in half time, giving the feeling of a slower tempo. Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s It is considered by some to be an important element in many songs of these genres and central to many bands, quite a few of which eschew traditional verse-chorus-verse songwriting. When played live, breakdowns are usually responded to by the audience by moshing or hardcore dancing. Moshing or slamming refers to the activity in which audience members at live music performances aggressively push or slam into each other See also [[Hardcore punk]] and Mosh Hardcore dancing grew out of the Eastern United States hardcore scene especially the New Vocalists also tend to throw in a single, repeated statement throughout the breakdown, giving those who are not dancing or moshing an opportunity to sing along. Many metalcore bands rely on having memorable breakdowns rather than memorable choruses. Metalcore is an umbrella term used to describe fusion genres that incorporate elements of the Hardcore punk and heavy metal genres

The drums are usually simple with several cymbals and snare on the third beat. The cymbals are usually a china or fast crash with fourths or more common, eighths. Also common is the use of crash cymbals with fourths, or even seconds, to give the music a very heavy, slow feel. The drummer usually follows the rhythm of the guitar on the kick drum. In metal, the guitars play a set of rhythmically oriented riffs, usually on open strings so as to achieve the lowest and heaviest sound for which the guitars are tuned, so the dancers in the audience can respond effectively. Sometimes, these are contrasted with either dissonant chords, such as minor 2nd intervals, or pinch harmonics. A pinch harmonic, also known as a squealie or squealer is a Guitar technique (typically Electric guitar) pioneered by Roy Buchanan These riffs are often accented by the drummer with double kick bass drums that follow the pattern of the guitars. A bass drum is a large Drum that produces a note of low definite or indefinite pitch.

In punk rock, breakdowns tend to be more upbeat, using the floor toms and snares to create a faster, 'rolling' rhythm. This provides audience members with an opportunity to skank, mosh, or circle pit. Skanking is a form of dancing practiced in the Reggae, Ska, Ska punk, ska-core Hardcore punk, and grime music scenes Moshing or slamming refers to the activity in which audience members at live music performances aggressively push or slam into each other A circle pit is a term for aggressive violent dancing performed by people running in a circle usually at Rock music gigs

The Bluegrass Breakdown

In bluegrass music, a break is a short instrumental solo played between sections of a song and is conventionally a variation on the song's melody. Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music, and is a sub-genre of Country music. A breakdown is an instrumental form that features a series of breaks, each played by a different instrument. Examples of the form are "Bluegrass Breakdown" by Bill Monroe as well as "Earl's Breakdown" and "Foggy Mountain Breakdown", both of which were written by Earl Scruggs. " Foggy Mountain Breakdown " is a famous Bluegrass music instrumental by the seminal bluegrass artists Kinsella Flatt and Scruggs. Earl Eugene Scruggs (born January 6, 1924) is a musician noted for perfecting and popularizing a 3-finger style (now called Scruggs style) on the 5-string

Notable breakdowns

See also

Sources

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Toop (1991). Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of Ultimate Breaks and Beats, commonly abbreviated as UBB, is the name of a 25-volume compilation of mostly full-length songs that were known for their breaks Breakdance, breaking, b-boying or b-girling is a Street dance style that evolved as part of the hip hop movement among Get down is a stance posture or movement in many traditional African cultures and throughout the African diaspora.

External links

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