Braunschweig
Coat of arms	Location
Administration
Country	Germany
State	Lower Saxony
District	Urban district
City subdivisions	20 Boroughs
Lord Mayor	Gert Hoffmann (CDU)
Governing parties	CDU / FDP
Basic statistics
Area	192. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Lower Saxony ( German: Niedersachsen ch is pronounced before an s --> lies in north-western Germany and is second German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' This is a list of urban districts in Germany. Germany is divided into 429 districts (not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk) these consist A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. This is a list of political parties in Germany. Germany has a Multi-party system with two large parties three substantial smaller parties and a number of minor The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. The Free Democratic Party ( Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP is a liberal Political party in Germany. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 13 km² (74. 2 sq mi)
Elevation	75 m  (246 ft)
Population	245,131  (30/06/2007)[1]
- Density	1,276 /km² (3,304 /sq mi)
Founded	before 1031 (probably in the 9th century)
Other information
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate	BS
Postal codes	38100–38126
Area codes	0531, 05307, 05309
Website	www.braunschweig.de Coordinates: 52°16′9″N 10°31′16″E / 52.26917, 10.52111

Braunschweig [ˈbraʊnʃvaɪk], known as Brunswiek [ˈbrɔˑnsviːk] in Low German, is a city of 245,131 people (as of June 30, 2007), located in Lower Saxony, Germany. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time German car number plates ( Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered __FORCETOC__ Postal codes in Germany, Postleitzahl (plural Postleitzahlen abbreviated to PLZ consist of five digits which indicate the wider area (first two digits and the see also Telephone numbering in Germany for further codes including service numbers cell phones etc A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Low German or Low Saxon (in Germany: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch; in Netherlands: Nedersaksisch or Nederduuts Lower Saxony ( German: Niedersachsen ch is pronounced before an s --> lies in north-western Germany and is second Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. It is located north of the Harz mountains at the farthest navigable point of the Oker river, which connects to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser. The Harz is a mountain range in central Germany It is the highest mountain chain in northern Germany occupying parts of the German states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt The Oker is a River in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Aller river and in length running generally northerly The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. For the English village see Aller Somerset. For the Spanish municipality see Aller Spain. The Weser (ˈveːzɐ is a River in north-western Germany. Formed at Hann

The historic English name for Braunschweig is Brunswick.

Contents 1 History 2 Main sights 3 Sister Cities 4 Miscellaneous 5 External links 6 References

History

The date and circumstances of the town's foundation are unknown. Tradition maintains that Braunschweig was created through the merger of two settlements, one founded by Bruno II, a Saxon count who died before 1017 on one side of the river Oker - the legend gives the year 861 for the foundation - and the other the settlement of Count Dankward, after whom the still surviving Castle Dankwarderode (Dankward's clearing) is named. The Saxons or Saxon people were a Confederation of Old Germanic tribes. The town's original name of Brunswik is a combination of the name Bruno and wik, a place where merchants rested and stored their goods. The town's name therefore indicates an ideal resting-place, as it lay by a ford across the Oker River. Documents from the St. Magni Church from 1031 give the city's name as Brunesguik. Another explanation of the city's name is that it comes from Brand, or burning, indicating a place which developed after the landscape was cleared through burning.

In the 12th century Duke Henry the Lion made Braunschweig the capital of his state and built Brunswick Cathedral. Henry the Lion ( German: Heinrich der Löwe; 1129 &ndash 6 August 1195) was a member of the Guelph dynasty and Duke of Saxony The Brunswick Cathedral, in the City of Braunschweig (Brunswick Germany, is a large Protestant church dedicated to Saint Blaise He became so powerful that he dared to refuse military aid to emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, which led to his condemnation and fall. Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned

Braunschweig was a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th century to the middle of the 17th century. The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar In the 18th century Braunschweig was not only a political, but also a cultural centre. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Emilia Galotti by Lessing and Goethe's Faust were performed for the first time in Braunschweig. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing ( 22 January, 1729 15 February, 1781) was a German Writer, Philosopher, Dramatist ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 's Faust is a tragic play. It was published in two parts de Faust der Tragödie erster Teil (translated

Most of the times Braunschweig was the residence of the Duchy of Brunswick, which was a state within the Holy Roman Empire until 1806 and within the German Empire from 1871. Brunswick (Braunschweig was a historical state in Germany. Originally the territory of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in the Holy Roman Empire, it was established The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification After World War I it received a republican constitution as the Free State of Brunswick, being a state within the Weimar Republic. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Free State of Brunswick (Freistaat Braunschweig was a republic formed after the abolition of the Duchy of Brunswick at the end of World War I The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 After World War II the state of Brunswick was dissolved and integrated in the newly formed state of Lower Saxony.

During World War II thousands of forced Eastern and Polish workers were brought to the city. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including OST-Arbeiter (Ostarbeiter Eastern Workers was a designation for Slave workers gathered from Eastern Europe to do Forced labor in Nazi Germany During the years 1943-1945 at least 360 children taken away from the workers died in the Entbindungsheim für Ostarbeiterinnen. Ausländerkinder-Pflegestätte, also Säuglingsheim Entbindungsheim - III Reich institution taking away babies/children from forced Eastern and Polish workers 1943-1945

During World War II, Braunschweig was a Sub-area Headquarters (Untergebiet Hauptquartier) of Military District (Wehrkreis) XI. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including It was also the Garrison Town of the 31st Infanterie Division, which took part in the invasions of Poland, Belgium, France, and Russia. It was one of the units that was destroyed during the withdrawal from Russia at the end of the war. As a result, it was severely damaged by Anglo-American aerial attacks. The air raid on October 15, 1944 destroyed most of the Altstadt (old town), which was the largest ensemble of half-timbered framework houses in Germany, as well as most of the churches. The Bombing of Braunschweig (or Brunswick) in World War II on the night of 14/15 of October 1944 by No Only the Cathedral, which was changed into a National shrine (German: Nationale Weihestätte) by the Nazi-Government, withstood the bombs. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German After the war, the Cathedral was turned into a Protestant church again. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. A small section of the old centre of town did survive the bombing and remains quite distinctive. Much of the remainder, including the historic "Alte Waage" have been restored and now appear again in their pre-war glory.

Demographic evolution of Braunschweig between 1811 and 2004

1811	1830	1849	1880	1890	1900	1925	1939	1950	1975	1989	2004
27,600	35,300	39,000	75,000	100,000	128,200	146,900	196,068	223,767	269,900	253,794	239,921

Main sights

• The Burgplatz (Castle Square), comprised of a group of buildings of great historical and cultural significance: the Cathedral (built at the end of the 12th century), the Burg Dankwarderode (a 19th-century reconstruction of the old castle of Henry the Lion), the Neo-Gothic Town Hall (built in 1893-1900), as well as some picturesque half-timbered houses, such as the Gildehaus (Guild House), today the seat of the Craftsman's Association. Demography is the statistical study of all Populations. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic population that is one that changes over Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Brunswick Cathedral, in the City of Braunschweig (Brunswick Germany, is a large Protestant church dedicated to Saint Blaise The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began Timber framing (Fachwerk or Half-timbering, is the method of creating framed structures of heavy timber jointed together with pegged Mortise and tenon joints On the centre of the square stands a copy of the Burglöwe, a Romanesque statue of a Lion, cast in bronze in 1166. The original statue can be seen in the museum of the Castle Dankwarderode. Today the lion has become the true symbol of Braunschweig.
• The Altstadtmarkt ("old town market"), surrounded by old town hall (built between the 13th and the 15th centuries in Gothic style), and the Martinikirche (church of Saint Martin, from 1195). Saint Martin of Tours (Martinus (316/317 Savaria, Pannonia &ndash November 8, 317, Candes, Gaul; buried November
• The Kohlmarkt ("coal market"), a market with many historical houses and a fountain from 1869.
• The Magniviertel (St Magnus' Quarter), a remainder of ancient Braunschweig, lined with cobblestoned streets, little shops and cafés, centered around the 13th-century Magnikirche (St Magnus' Church). Here is also the Rizzi-Haus, a highly distinctive, cartoonish office building designed by architect James Rizzi for the Expo 2000. James Rizzi (October 1950 is an American Pop artist who was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York.
• The Romanesque and Gothic Andreaskirche (church of Saint Andrew), built mainly between the 13th and 16th centuries. The church was heavily damaged in World War II, and is expected to enter into its final stage of restoration in 2009 after some sixty years of intermittent work.
• The Gothic Aegidienkirche (church of Saint Giles), built in the 13th century, with an adjoining monastery, which is today a museum. Saint Giles (Αιγίδιος Ægidius Gilles Egidio Egidio Gil c
• The "Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum", a world-wide important art museum and the oldest public museum in Germany (founded 1754). The Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum (HAUM is an art museum in the German city of Braunschweig, Lower Saxony
• The Staatstheater (State Theater), newly built in the 19th century, goes back to the first standing public theater in Germany, founded in 1690 by Duke Anton Ulrich.
• The royal palace of Braunschweig was bombed in World War II and demolished in 1960. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The exterior was rebuilt to contain a palace museum and shopping centre, which opened in 2007.

Attractions in the neighbourhood include:

• Celle: a town with old half-timbered houses and a castle. Celle (ˈtsɛlə is a town and capital of the district of Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
• Hildesheim: a medieval town famous for its UNESCO-cultural heritage cathedrals, market place and old half-timbered houses. is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located in the district of Hildesheim, about 30 km southeast of Hanover on the banks of the Innerste A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex
• Hamelin: a town famous for the folk tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin
• Wolfenbüttel: the Residenzstadt (residential city) of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg for several centuries, Wolfenbüttel is home to a Wasserburg (castle surrounded by a moat) and the Bibliotheca Augusta (Herzog-August Bibliothek, or the Duke August library) housing the largest collection of medieval manuscripts in Europe. Hamelin (German Hameln) is a town on the river Weser in Lower Saxony, Germany. The Pied Piper of Hamelin is a legend about the abduction of many children from the town of Hamelin ( Hameln) Germany. Brunswick-Lüneburg (Braunschweig-Lüneburg also Brunswick-Lunenburg was a historical ducal state during the period from the Late Middle Ages through the The city is historically important also for its numerous half-timber houses, many of which date back several centuries since Wolfenbüttel was left largely untouched by WWII.

Sister Cities

• Bandung, Indonesia
• Bath, United Kingdom
• Kazan, Russian Federation
• Magdeburg, Germany
• Nîmes, France
• Omaha, United States
• Qiryat Tivon, Israel
• Sousse, Tunisia

Miscellaneous

Braunschweig has been an important industrial area. Bandung (bʌndʊŋ is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, and the country's fourth largest city The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Bath is a city in Somerset in the south west of England It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Kazan (Каза́нь Казан tt Qazan) is the capital city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, and one of Russia's largest cities Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Magdeburg ( Low Saxon: Meideborg ˈmaˑɪdebɔɐx the Capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Nîmes ( Provençal Occitan: Nimes in both classical and Mistralian norms is a city in southern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Kiryat Tiv'on (קִרְיַת טִבְעוֹן also Qiryat Tiv'on) is a town in the Haifa District of Israel, in the hills between the Zvulun and For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Sousse ( Arabic سوسة Sousa) is a city of Tunisia. Located 140 km south of Tunis, the city has 173 047 inhabitants (2004 Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Today it is known for its University and research institutes, mainly the Federal Agricultural Research Centre and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB is based in Braunschweig and Berlin. The PTB Braunschweig maintains the atomic clock responsible for the DCF77 time signal and the official German time. An atomic clock is a type of Clock that uses an Atomic resonance Frequency standard as its timekeeping element DCF77 is a longwave Time signal and standard-frequency radio station The region of Braunschweig is the most R&D-intensive area in the whole European Economic Area investing a whopping 7. The European Economic Area ( EEA) came into being on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between member states of European Free Trade Association (EFTAthe 1% of its GDP for research & technology. (Eurostat, 2006)

Also located in Braunschweig is the "Martino-Katharineum", a secondary school founded in 1415. It had such famous pupils as Carl Friedrich Gauss, Hoffmann von Fallersleben, Richard Dedekind and Louis Spohr. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (ˈɡaʊs, Gauß Carolus Fridericus Gauss ( 30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German ( April 2, 1798 - January 19, 1874) who used as his pen name was a German Poet. Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind ( October 6, 1831 &ndash February 12, 1916) was a German mathematician who did important Louis Spohr ( April 5, 1784 &ndash October 22, 1859) was a German Composer, Violinist and conductor.

Brunswick is the home of two piano companies, both known worldwide for the high quality of their instruments: Schimmel and Grotrian-Steinweg (cf. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers Steinway). Both companies were founded in the 19th century. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar

Braunschweig is famous for Till Eulenspiegel, a medieval jester who played many practical jokes on its citizens. Till Eulenspiegel (tɪl ˈʔɔʏlənˌʃpiːgəl Low Saxon: Dyl Ulenspegel dɪl ˈʔuːlnˌspɛɪgl̩ was an impudent Trickster figure who originated It also had — and still has — many breweries, and still a very peculiar kind of beer is made called Mumme (see de:Braunschweiger Mumme), first quoted in 1390, a malt-extract that was shipped all over the world. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea

Near Braunschweig at Cremlingen-Abbenrode, there is a large medium wave transmitter, which transmits the program of "Deutschlandfunk" on 756 kHz, the Cremlingen transmitter. The Cremlingen transmitter is a large Mediumwave transmission facility established in 1962 for transmitting the program of Deutschlandfunk on 756 kHz near Cremlingen

The Braunschweig-Wolfsburg Regional Airport (BWE / EDVE) is located north of the city at 52°19′9″N, 10°33′22″E, elev. 295 ft.

Braunschweiger liverwurst is named after the city. Braunschweiger (named after Braunschweig, Germany) is a type of Liverwurst ( Pork Liver Sausage) which is nearly always Liverwurst, also known as Kentucky Pâté, is an anglicisation of the German Leberwurst ( Dutch leverworst, Hungarian

Braunschweig's local football team is Eintracht Braunschweig, which plays in the German third division. Eintracht Braunschweig is a German football club based in Braunschweig, Lower Saxony. The club is very traditional. It won the German football championship in 1967. Despite bad times now, the club is supported by a large number of supporters.

Many other geographical names are named after Braunschweig such as New Brunswick in Canada due to the personal union of the Duchy of Hanover with Great Britain from 1714 to 1837 (see House of Hanover, also referred to as the House of Brunswick, Hanover line). New Brunswick ( French: Nouveau-Brunswick /nuvobʁɔnzwik/ is one of Canada 's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally A personal union is the combination by which two different States are governed by the same Monarch, while their boundaries their laws and their interests remain distinct The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic royal Dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg For a list of places named after Braunschweig see Brunswick (disambiguation).

External links

• Official website (English)
• Braunschweig - 360° Panoramas
• Braunschweig travel guide from Wikitravel

References

Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.

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