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Brassicaceae
Winter Cress (Barbarea vulgaris)
Winter Cress (Barbarea vulgaris)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Juss.
Genera

See text. Barbarea ( Bar-ba-ré-a, Winter cress or Yellow rocket) is a genus of about 22 species of Flowering plants in the family Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of Flowering plants whose Seed typically has two embryonic leaves or Cotyledons There The Brassicales are an order of Flowering plants belonging to the Eurosids II group of Dicotyledons under the APG II system Antoine Laurent de Jussieu ( April 12, 1748 - September 17, 1836) was a French Botanist, notable as the first to propose A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic

Brassicaceae or Cruciferae, also known as the crucifers, the mustard family or cabbage family is a family (the third lowest primary taxonomic rank) of flowering plants (Angiospermae). In Biological classification, family ( Latin Taxonomic rank ( rank, category, taxonomic category is an abstract term used in the Scientific classification, or Taxonomy, of organisms The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group The name Brassicaceae is derived from the included genus Brassica. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Brassica ( Brás-si-ca) is a genus of plants in the mustard family ( Brassicaceae) Cruciferae is an older name, it means "cross-bearing", because the four petals of their flowers are reminiscent of a cross. A petal (from Ancient Greek petalon "leaf" "thin plate" regarded as a highly modified leaf is one member or part of the corolla A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars perpendicular to each other dividing one or two of the lines in half According to ICBN Art. The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ( ICBN) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal Botanical names that are given to 18. 5 (Vienna Code) both Cruciferae and Brassicaceae are regarded as validly published, and are thus accepted as names for the family.

It contains over 330 genera and about 3,700 species, according to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, usually referred to simply as Kew Gardens, are extensive Gardens and botanical glasshouses between Richmond and The largest genera are Draba (365 species), Cardamine (200 species, but its definition is controversial), Erysimum (225 species), Lepidium (230 species) and Alyssum (195 species. Draba is a large genus of cruciferous Plants commonly known as Whitlow-grasses. Cardamine ( Car-dá-mi-ne, Bittercress or Bitter-cress) is a large Genus in the family Brassicaceae. Lepidium, commonly known as the peppergrasses or pepperworts, is a genus of plants in the mustard family Brassicaceae. Alyssum is a genus of about 100-170 species of Flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to Europe, Asia, and northern )

The family contains well-known species such as Brassica oleracea (cabbage, cauliflower. Brassica oleracea or Wild Mustard, is a species of Brassica native to coastal southern and western Europe, where its tolerance . . ), Brassica rapa (turnip, Chinese cabbage. Brassica rapa (syn Brassica campestris) is a Plant widely cultivated as a Leaf vegetable (see Mizuna) a Root . . ), Brassica napus (rapeseed. Rapeseed ( Brassica napus) also known as rape, oilseed rape, rapa, rapaseed and (in the case of one particular group of . . ), Raphanus sativus (common radish), Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), Matthiola (stock) and many others. The radish ( Raphanus sativus) is an edible Root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe in pre- Horseradish ( Armoracia rusticana, syn Cochlearia armoracia) is a Perennial plant of the Brassicaceae family which also includes mustard Matthiola ( syn Mathiola RBr) or stock is a Genus of Flowering plants It is named after Pietro Andrea

Contents

Distribution

The family is cosmopolitan, but is concentrated in the northern temperate regions and reaches maximal diversity around the Mediterranean area. The Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around and surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea.

Taxonomy

The family is included in Brassicales according to the APG system. This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used Older systems (e. g. Arthur Cronquist's) placed them into the Capparales, a now defunct order which had a similar definition. A system of plant taxonomy, the Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants (or Angiosperms) Capparales is a Botanical name of an order of Flowering plants It was used in the Cronquist system for an order in subclass Dilleniidae

A close relationship has long been acknowledged between Brassicaceae and the caper family, Capparaceae, in part because members of both groups produce glucosinolate (mustard oil) compounds. The caper ( Capparis spinosa L is a perennial spiny shrub that bears rounded fleshy leaves and big white to pinkish-white flowers Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae) commonly known as the Caper family is a family of plants in order Brassicales. The glucosinolates are a class of Organic compounds that contain Sulfur and Nitrogen and are derived from Glucose and an amino acid Recent research (Hall et al. 2002) suggests that Capparaceae as traditionally circumscribed are paraphyletic with respect to Brassicaceae, with Cleome and several related genera being more closely related to Brassicaceae than to other Capparaceae. In Phylogenetics, a group of organisms is said to be paraphyletic if the group contains its most recent common ancestor but does not contain all Cleome is a genus of Flowering plants in the family Cleomaceae. The APG II system therefore has merged the two families under the name 'Brassicaceae'. Other classifications have continued to recognize Capparaceae but with a more restricted circumscription, either including Cleome and its relatives in Brassicaceae or recognizing them in the segregate family Cleomaceae. Cleomaceae is a small family of Flowering plants in the order Brassicales, comprising about 300 species in 10 genera The angiosperm phylogeny website, has recently adopted this last solution, but this may change as a consensus arises on this point. This article deals with Brassicaceae sensu stricto, i. e. treating Cleomaceae and Capparaceae as segregate families.

 Brassicaceae s. l.  

Capparaceae



Cleomaceae


Brassicaceae s. s.





Description

The family consists only of herbaceous plants with annual, biennial or perennial lifespans. A herbaceous plant (or in botanical use a Herb) is a Plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of

The leaves are alternate (rarely opposite), sometimes organized in basal rosettes. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. In Botany, phyllotaxis or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of the leaves on the stem of a Plant. In Botany, phyllotaxis or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of the leaves on the stem of a Plant. They are very often pinnately incised and do not have stipules. In Botany, stipule ( Latin stipula: straw stalk is a term coined by Linnaeus

The structure of the flowers is extremely uniform throughout the family. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also They have four free saccate sepals and four clawed free petals, staggered. A petal (from Ancient Greek petalon "leaf" "thin plate" regarded as a highly modified leaf is one member or part of the corolla They can be disymmetric or slightly zygomorphic, with a typical cross-like arrangement (hence the name 'Cruciferae'). Floral symmetry refers to whether and how a Flower can be divided into two or more identical or mirror-image parts Floral symmetry refers to whether and how a Flower can be divided into two or more identical or mirror-image parts They have six stamens, four of which are longer (as long as the petals, so relatively short in fact) and are arranged in a cross like the petals and the other two are shorter (tetradynamous flower). The stamen ( Plural stamina or stamens, from Latin stamen meaning "thread of the warp " is the male The pistil is made up of two fused carpels and the style is very short, with two lobes. A gynoecium (from Ancient Greek gyne, "woman" is the Female reproductive part of a Flower. A gynoecium (from Ancient Greek gyne, "woman" is the Female reproductive part of a Flower. Superior ovary. The flowers form ebracteate racemose inflorescences, often apically corymb-like. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of Flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main Branch or a complicated arrangement of branches

Pollination occours by entomogamy, nectar is produced at the base of the stamens and stored on the sepals. Pollination in angiosperms and Gymnosperms is the process that transfers pollen grains, which contain the male Gametes (sperm to where the female See also Pollination syndrome Entomophily is a form of pollination whereby Pollen is distributed by Insects particularly Bees

Siliquae of Cardamine impatiens
Siliquae of Cardamine impatiens

The fruit is a peculiar kind of capsule named siliqua (plural siliquae, American English silique/siliques). Cardamine impatiens or Narrow-leaved Bittercress is a plant species of the genus Cardamine belonging tio Brassicaceae The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. In Botany a capsule is a type of simple dry Fruit produced by many species of Flowering plants A capsule is a dehiscent structure composed of two It opens by two valves, which are the modified carpels, leaving the seeds attached to a framework made up of the placenta and tissue from the junction between the valves (replum). A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored There is often an indehiscent beak at the top of the style and one or more seeds may be borne there. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored Where a siliqua is less than three times as long as it is broad , it is usually termed a silicula. The siliqua may break apart at constrictions occurring between the segments of the seeds, thus forming a sort of loment (e. A loment is a type of modified Legume that breaks apart at constrictions occurring between the segments of the seeds g. Raphanus), it may eject the seeds explosively (e. Raphanus is a Genus within the Flowering plant family Brassicaceae. g. Cardamine) or may be evolved in a sort of samara (e. Cardamine ( Car-dá-mi-ne, Bittercress or Bitter-cress) is a large Genus in the family Brassicaceae. g. Isatis). Isatis ( ''Í-sa-tis'') is a genus of about 30 species of Flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean Unsurprisingly the fruit is often the most important diagnostic character for plants in this family.

The Brassicaceae do not form mycorrhizae, although rare exceptions do exist. A mycorrhiza (Greek for fungus roots coined by Frank 1885 typically seen in the plural forms mycorrhizae or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic (occasionally

Most members share a suite of glucosinolate compounds that has a typical pungent odour usually associated with cole crops.

Uses

Lunaria annua
Lunaria annua

The importance of this family for food crops has led to its selective breeding throughout history. Annual Honesty ( Lunaria annua) is a tall (height about 1 m hairy-stemmed Biennial plant found throughout Europe, North America, and parts Some examples of cruciferous food plants are the cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, turnip, rapeseed, mustard, radish, horseradish, cress and watercress. The cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var capitata) is a leafy garden plant of the Family Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae used as a Broccoli is a plant of the Cabbage family Brassicaceae (formerly Cruciferae Cauliflower is one of several vegetables in the species Brassica oleracea, in the family Brassicaceae. For similar vegetables also called "turnip" see Turnip (disambiguation. Rapeseed ( Brassica napus) also known as rape, oilseed rape, rapa, rapaseed and (in the case of one particular group of For other uses see Mustard. The Multi-Unit Space Transport And Recovery Device or MUSTARD was a concept explored by the British The radish ( Raphanus sativus) is an edible Root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe in pre- Horseradish ( Armoracia rusticana, syn Cochlearia armoracia) is a Perennial plant of the Brassicaceae family which also includes mustard Watercresses ( Nasturtium officinale, N microphyllum; formerly Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum, R

Main article: Cruciferous vegetables

Matthiola (stock), Cheiranthus, Alyssum and Iberis (candytufts) are appreciated for their flowers. Edible plants in the family Brassicaceae (also called Cruciferae are termed Cruciferous vegetables. Matthiola ( syn Mathiola RBr) or stock is a Genus of Flowering plants It is named after Pietro Andrea Cheiranthus also know as wall-flowers, is a large genus from the family Brassicaceae. Alyssum is a genus of about 100-170 species of Flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to Europe, Asia, and northern This article is about the plant genus See also Operation Candytuft. Lunaria (honesty) is cultivated for the decorative value of the tranlucent repulum of the round silicula that remains on the dried stems after dehiscence. For the band see Lunaria (band. For the Brachiopod Genus, see Lunaria (brachiopod.

Capsella bursa-pastoris, Lepidium and many Cardamine are common weeds. Capsella bursa-pastoris, known by its common name shepherd's-purse because of its triangular purse-like pods is a small (up to 0 Lepidium, commonly known as the peppergrasses or pepperworts, is a genus of plants in the mustard family Brassicaceae. Cardamine ( Car-dá-mi-ne, Bittercress or Bitter-cress) is a large Genus in the family Brassicaceae.

Isatis tinctoria (woad) was used in the past to produce the colour indigo. Indigo is the Color on the Electromagnetic spectrum between about 420 and 450 nm in Wavelength, placing it between Blue and violet

Arabidopsis thaliana is arguably the most important model organism in the study of the flowering plants (Angiospermae). Arabidopsis thaliana ( A-ra-bi-dóp-sis tha-li-á-na; thale cress, mouse-ear cress or Arabidopsis) is a small A model organism is a Species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological Phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group

Genera

Acanthocardamum; Aethionema; Agallis; Alliaria; Alyssoides; Alysopsis; Alyssum; Ammosperma; Anastatica; Anchonium; Andrzeiowskia; Anelsonia; Aphragmus; Aplanodes; Arabidella; Arabidopsis; Arabis; Arcyosperma; Armoracia; Aschersoniodoxa; Asperuginoides; Asta; Atelanthera; Athysanus; Aubrieta; Aurinia; Ballantinia; Barbarea; Beringia; Berteroa; Berteroella; Biscutella; Bivonaea; Blennodia; Boleum; Boreava; Bornmuellera; Borodinia; Botscantzevia; Brachycarpaea; Brassica; Braya; Brayopsis; Brossardia; Bunias; Cakile; Calepina; Calymmatium; Camelina; Camelinopsis; Capsella; Cardamine; Cardaminopsis; Cardaria; Carinavalva; Carrichtera; Catadysia; Catenulina; Caulanthus; Caulostramina; Ceratocnemum; Ceriosperma; Chalcanthus; Chamira; Chartoloma; Cheesemania; Cheiranthus; Chlorocrambe; Chorispora; Christolea; Chrysobraya; Chrysochamela; Cithareloma; Clastopus; Clausia; Clypeola; Cochlearia; Coelonema; Coincya; Coluteocarpus; Conringia; Cordylocarpus; Coronopus; Crambe; Crambella; Cremolobus; Crucihimalaya; Cryptospora; Cuphonotus; Cusickiella; Cycloptychis; Cymatocarpus; Cyphocardamum; Dactylocardamum; Degenia; Delpinophytum; Descurainia; Diceratella; Dichasianthus; Dictyophragmus; Didesmus; Didymophysa; Dielsiocharis; Dilophia; Dimorphocarpa; Diplotaxis; Dipoma; Diptychocarpus; Dithyrea; Dolichirhynchus; Dontostemon; Douepea; Draba; Drabastrum; Drabopsis; Dryopetalon; Eigia; Elburzia; Enarthrocarpus; Englerocharis; Eremobium; Eremoblastus; Eremodraba; Eremophyton; Ermania; Ermaniopsis; Erophila; Eruca; Erucaria; Erucastrum; Erysimum; Euclidium; Eudema; Eutrema; Euzomodendron; Farsetia; Fezia; Fibigia; Foleyola; Fortuynia; Galitzkya; Geococcus; Glaribraya; Glastaria; Glaucocarpum; Goldbachia; Gorodkovia; Graellsia; Grammosperma; Guillenia; Guiraoa; Gynophorea; Halimolobos; Harmsiodoxa; Hedinia; Heldreichia; Heliophila; Hemicrambe; Hemilophia; Hesperis; Heterodraba; Hirschfeldia; Hollermayera; Hormathophylla; Hornungia; Hornwoodia; Hugueninia; Hymenolobus; Ianhedgea; Iberis; Idahoa; Iodanthus; Ionopsidium; Irenepharsus; Isatis; Ischnocarpus; Iskandera; Iti; Ivania; Kernera; Kremeriella; Lachnocapsa; Lachnoloma; Leavenworthia; Lepidium; Lepidostemon; Leptaleum; Lesquerella; Lignariella; Lithodraba; Lobularia; Lonchophora; Loxostemon; Lunaria; Lyocarpus; Lyrocarpa; Macropodium; Malcolmia; Mancoa; Maresia; Mathewsia; Matthiola; Megacarpaea; Megadenia; Menkea; Menonvillea; Microlepidium; Microsysymbrium; Microstigma; Morettia; Moricandia; Moriera; Morisia; Murbeckiella; Muricaria; Myagrum; Nasturtiopsis; Nasturtium; Neomartinella; Neotchihatchewia; Neotorularia; Nerisyrenia; Neslia; Neuontobotrys; Notoceras; Notothlaspi; Ochthodium; Octoceras; Olimarabidopsis; Onuris; Oreoloma; Oreophyton; Ornithocarpa; Orychophragmus; Otocarpus; Oudneya; Pachycladon; Pachymitus; Pachyphragma; Pachypterygium; Parlatoria; Parodiodoxa; Parolinia; Parrya; Parryodes; Pegaeophyton; Peltaria; Peltariopsis; Pennellia; Petiniotia; Petrocallis; Phaeonychium; Phlebolobium; Phlegmatospermum; Phoenicaulis; Physaria; Physocardamum; Physoptychis; Physorrhynchus; Platycraspedum; Polyctenium; Polypsecadium; Pringlea; Prionotrichon; Pritzelago; Pseuderucaria; Pseudoarabidopsis; Pseudocamelina; Pseudoclausia; Pseudofortuynia; Pseudovesicaria; Psychine; Pterygiosperma; Pterygostemon; Pugionium; Pycnoplinthopsis; Pycnoplinthus; Pyramidium; Quezeliantha; Quidproquo; Raffenaldia; Raphanorhyncha; Raphanus; Rapistrum; Reboudia; Redowskia; Rhizobotrya; Ricotia; Robeschia; Rollinsia; Romanschulzia; Roripella; Rorippa; Rytidocarpus; Sameraria; Sarcodraba; Savignya; Scambopus; Schimpera; Schivereckia; Schizopetalon; Schlechteria; Schoenocrambe; Schouwia; Scoliaxon; Selenia; Sibara; Silicularia; Sinapidendron; Sinapis; Sisymbrella; Sisymbriopsis; Sisymbrium; Smelowskia; Sobolewslia; Sohms-Laubachia; Sophiopsis; Sphaerocardamum; Spirorhynchus; Spryginia; Staintoniella; Stanfordia; Stanleya; Stenopetalum; Sterigmostemum; Stevenia; Straussiella; Streptanthella; Streptanthus; Streptoloma; Stroganowia; Stubebdorffia; Subularia; Succowia; Synstemon; Synthlipsis; Taphrospermum; Tauscheria; Teesdalia; Teesdaliopsis; Tetracme; Thelypodiopsis; Thelypodium; Thlaspeocarpa; Thlaspi; Thysanocarpus; Trachystoma; Trichotolinum; Trochiscus; Tropidocarpum; Turritis; Vella; Warea; Wasabia; Weberbauera; Werdermannia; Winklera; Xerodraba; Yinshania; Zerdana; Zilla

Image gallery

Draba aizoides

Lepidium bidentatum

Incised leaves of Capsella bursa-pastoris

Corymbs of Iberis umbellata

Corymbs of Arabidopsis thaliana

Flower of Cardamine pulcherrima

Siliquae of Cardamine hirsuta

Loment-like siliquae of Raphanus sativus

Samara-like siliquae of Isatis tinctoria

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)

Turnips (Brassica rapa)

Rapeseed field in Germany (Brassica napus)

Matthiola incana

References

External links

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