Citizendia

Brandon Teena
BornDecember 12, 1972(1972-12-12)
Lincoln, Nebraska
DiedDecember 31, 1993 (aged 21)
Humboldt, Nebraska

Brandon Teena[1] (December 12, 1972 - December 31, 1993), born Teena Renae Brandon in Lincoln, Nebraska, and known simply as Brandon, was a biological female living as a transgender man[2] who was raped and eventually murdered[3] in one of the most infamous American hate crimes of the 1990s. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The City of Lincoln ( Umóⁿhoⁿ: Nískithe Tʰóⁿwoⁿgthoⁿ ˈnĩskiˡðe ˌtʰãwãŋgˡðã meaning "Salt Village" for Salt Creek which was the Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Humboldt is a city in Richardson County, Nebraska, United States. Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) The City of Lincoln ( Umóⁿhoⁿ: Nískithe Tʰóⁿwoⁿgthoⁿ ˈnĩskiˡðe ˌtʰãwãŋgˡðã meaning "Salt Village" for Salt Creek which was the Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and Transsexualism is a condition in which a person identifies with a physical Sex different from the one with which they were born Rape, also referred to as Sexual assault, is an Assault by a person involving Sexual intercourse with or Sexual penetration of another person Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Hate crimes (also known as bias motivated crimes) occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership in a certain Social group, usually defined [4] Brandon is the subject of the Academy Award-winning 1999 film Boys Don't Cry, which was based on the documentary film The Brandon Teena Story. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Boys Don't Cry is a 1999 independent Drama film based on the real-life story of Brandon Teena, a transgender who Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality [5]

Contents

Biography

Childhood

Brandon Teena was born a female in Lincoln, Nebraska. The City of Lincoln ( Umóⁿhoⁿ: Nískithe Tʰóⁿwoⁿgthoⁿ ˈnĩskiˡðe ˌtʰãwãŋgˡðã meaning "Salt Village" for Salt Creek which was the Brandon's family described Brandon as a "tomboy". Tomboy is a Girl who behaves according to the Gender role of a Boy. While Brandon was still living as a girl, Brandon was sexually assaulted by a male relative. Sexual assault is any Assault of a sexual nature on another person According to Brandon's mother, JoAnn Brandon, she and Brandon sought counseling in 1991.

Brandon began identifying as male in high school and dated several girls. Brandon's mother rejected Brandon's male identity and continued calling Brandon her daughter. Brandon claimed to be intersex several times, but this was later proven to be false. Intersexuality is the state of a living thing of a gonochoristic species whose Sex chromosomes, Genitalia, and/or Secondary sex characteristics [6][2]

Falls City, Nebraska

In 1993, after some legal trouble, Brandon moved to Falls City region of Richardson County, Nebraska where he identified solely as a male. Falls City is a city in Richardson County, Nebraska, United States. Richardson County is a County located in the US state of Nebraska.

Brandon became friends with several local residents. After moving in to the home of girlfriend Lisa Lambert[7], Brandon began dating one of Lambert's friends, Lana Tisdel, and associating with ex-convicts John Lotter and Marvin "Tom" Nissen. Nissen was married and had two children. Tisdel and Lotter had been friends since childhood and had dated several years before. Another man, Phillip DeVine, began to date Tisdel’s younger sister, and he also became friends with Brandon.

On December 15, Brandon was jailed for forging checks. Forgery is the process of making adapting or imitating objects statistics or documents (see False document) with the intent to deceive. Tisdel paid his bail. Traditionally bail is some form of Property deposited or pledged to a Court in order to persuade it to release a suspect from jail, on the understanding Because Brandon was in the female section of the jail, Tisdel learned that he was biologically female.

When Tisdel questioned Brandon about his anatomical gender, he told her he was pursuing a sex change operation, and they continued dating. Gender comprises a range of differences between men and women extending from the biological to the social Sex reassignment surgery (SRS gender reassignment surgery, or sex-change operation is a term for the Surgical procedures by which a person's physical [8], [9] However in a law suit regarding the film adaptation Boys Don't Cry, this was disputed by Tisdel.

Brandon's arrest was posted in the local paper under his birthname, Teena Brandon. His acquaintances subsequently learned that Brandon was anatomically female.

The rape

During a Christmas Eve party, Nissen and Lotter grabbed Brandon and forced him to remove his pants, to prove to Tisdel that Brandon was female. Christmas Eve, December 24, is the day before Christmas Day, the celebrated birthday of Jesus. Tisdel looked only when they forced her to, and she said nothing.

Lotter and Nissen then attacked Brandon, and forced him into a car. They drove to an area by a meat packing plant and beat and raped him. They then returned to Nissen's home.

Brandon escaped from Nissen's bathroom by climbing out the window and went to Tisdel's house. She convinced him to file a police report, though Nissen and Lotter had warned Brandon to remain silent. The police report was thrown out due to lack of evidence. Evidence in its broadest sense includes anything that is used to determine or demonstrate the Truth of an assertion

Brandon went to the emergency room where a standard rape kit was assembled, but later lost. A sexual assault evidence collection kit, sexual assault forensic evidence (SAFE kit or Sexual Offense Evidence Collection (SOEC kit in New York is a The sheriff at the time, Charles B. Laux, asked Brandon questions about the rape. Reportedly, he seemed especially interested in Brandon’s transsexuality, to the point that Brandon found his questions rude and unnecessary, and refused to answer.

Nissen and Lotter learned of the report, and they began to search for Brandon. However, they failed to find him, and three days later, the police went to question them. However, Laux declined to have them arrested, even though both men had criminal records.

The murder

During questioning, Lotter denied ever touching Brandon, while Nissen accused Lotter of raping Brandon, but said that he had simply watched. The two continued to search for Brandon, so Brandon went to live at Lisa Lambert’s house. After Lotter stole a gun from his neighbor, the two men went to Tisdel’s house. Tisdel told them that Brandon wasn’t at her house, but her mother revealed that Brandon was at Lambert’s home.

The two men left for Lambert’s house and broke in. They found Lambert in bed and demanded to know where Brandon was. Lambert refused to tell them. Nissen searched and found Brandon under the bed. The men asked Lambert if there was anyone else in the house, and she replied that Phillip DeVine was staying with her. They shot and killed DeVine along with Lambert and Brandon, in front of Lambert's young child.

The two men then left, but were quickly arrested and charged with murder.

Trial and sentencing

Nissen blamed the crime on Lotter. Later, in exchange for a reduced sentence, Nissen admitted to being an accessory to the rape and murder. Nissen testified against Lotter and was sentenced to life in prison. Life imprisonment or life incarceration is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime often for most Lotter proceeded to deny the veracity of Nissen’s testimony, but his testimony was discredited. The jury found Lotter guilty of murder and sentenced him to death. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. Lotter and Nissen both appealed their convictions, and their cases are currently under review. In Law, an appeal is a process for requesting a formal change to an official decision

On September 20, 2007, Nissen recanted his testimony against Lotter. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. He claims that he was the only one to shoot Brandon and that Lotter was not involved. Lotter is currently appealing and is using Nissen's new testimony to assert his claims of innocence. [10]

Aftermath

Because Brandon had neither commenced hormone replacement therapy nor had sex reassignment surgery, he has sometimes been mistakenly identified as a lesbian woman by media reporters. Hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) for Transgender and Transsexual people replaces the Hormones naturally occurring in their bodies with those Sex reassignment surgery from female to male includes surgical procedures that will reshape a female body into a body with a male appearance A lesbian is a Woman who is romantically or sexually attracted only to other women [11] However, some reported that Brandon had stated that he planned to have sex reassignment surgery. [12]

JoAnn Brandon sued Richardson County Nebraska and Charles Laux for failing to prevent Brandon's death, as well as being an indirect cause of it. She won the case, and was awarded $80,000. District court judge Orville Coady reduced the amount by 85 percent based on the responsibility of Nissen and Lotter, and by one percent for Brandon's alleged contributory negligence. Negligence (Lat negligentia from negligere to neglect literally "not to pick up" is a legal concept in the Common law legal systems usually used to This led to a remaining judgment of responsibility against Richardson County and Laux of $17,360. 97. [13] In 2001, the Nebraska Supreme Court reversed the reductions of the earlier award, thus reinstating the full $80,000 award for "mental suffering", plus $6223. 20 for funeral costs. On October 11, 2001, the same judge added an additional $12,000 award. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. [14] The plaintiff was awarded an additional $5000 for wrongful death, and $7,000 for the intentional infliction of emotional distress. [15]

Laux was also criticized after the murder for his attitude toward Brandon — at one point Laux referred to Brandon as "it. "[16]

In 1999, Brandon became the subject of a biopic entitled Boys Don't Cry, starring Hilary Swank as Brandon in an Academy Award-winning performance, and Chloe Sevigny as his girlfriend Lana Tisdel, in an Academy Award-nominated performance. A biographical motion picture &mdash often shortened to biopic &mdash is a film that dramatizes the life of an actual person or people Boys Don't Cry is a 1999 independent Drama film based on the real-life story of Brandon Teena, a transgender who Hilary Ann Swank (born July 30 1974 is an American Actress. Her Hollywood film career began with a small part in Buffy the Vampire Slayer "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Chloë Stevens Sevigny (born November 18, 1974) is an Academy Award and Golden Globe -nominated American Actress and The real Lana Tisdel sued the producers of the film for unauthorized use of her name and likeness before the film's release. She claimed that the film depicted her as "lazy, white trash and a skanky snake". White trash is a Pejorative term targeted at lower social class White people with poor prospects and/or low levels of education Tisdel also claimed that the film falsely portrayed that she continued the relationship with Teena after she discovered Teena was anatomically female. She eventually settled her lawsuit against the movie's distributor for an undisclosed sum. For other uses of settlement including legal uses see Settlement.

Brandon’s headstone is inscribed with the name "Teena R. Brandon" and the epitaph "daughter, sister, & friend". [17]

Cultural references

In 2006, the British duo Pet Shop Boys released a song called "Girls Don't Cry" (a bonus track on UK issue of I'm with Stupid) about Brandon Teena. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The capitalisation of song titles in this article is disputed " I'm with Stupid " is a song by British Synthpop band Pet Shop Boys and is featured on their 2006 Album,

See also

References

  1. ^ Note: - as Brandon Teena was never his legal name, it is uncertain the extent to which this name was used prior to his death. Transgender is a complex topic where consensual and precise definitions have not yet been reached Violence against LGBT people queer identifying and the same-sex attracted are actions which may occur either at the hands of Gwen Amber Rose Araujo ( February 24, 1985 &ndash October 4, 2002, Née Edward Araujo Jr A Girl Like Me The Gwen Araujo Story is a 2006 LGBT Biography Made-for-tv movie directed by award-winning director Agnieszka Holland It is the name most commonly used by the press and other media. Other names may include his legal name, as well as "Billy Brenson" and "Tena Ray"
  2. ^ a b Matzner, Andrew. Teena, Brandon (1972-1993). GLBTQ Encyclopedia. Accessed 14 March 2007.
  3. ^ U.S. 8th Circuit Court of Appeals JoAnn Brandon v Charles B. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit is a federal court with Appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following Laux. FindLaw. FindLawcom is a free legal information Web portal owned by Thomson Reuters. Retrieved on 2006-12-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways
  4. ^ Howey, Noelle (2000-03-22). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Boys Do Cry. Mother Jones. Mother Jones is an independent Nonprofit Magazine rooted in liberal political values and known for its Investigative reporting Retrieved on 2006-12-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways
  5. ^ The Brandon Teena Story. IMDB. Retrieved on 2006-12-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways
  6. ^ Ramsland, Katherine. Notorious Murders - Not Guilty? Teena Brandon Accessed 14 March 2007.
  7. ^ Teena or Brandon? - crimelibrary. com
  8. ^ Teena Brandon, a young transsexual who is murdered in a hate-crime on truTV.com
  9. ^ Teena Brandon, a young transsexual who is murdered in a hate-crime on truTV.com
  10. ^ Jenkins, Nate. "Inmate Recants Teena Brandon Story", Associated Press, 2007-09-20. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.  
  11. ^ Brandon Teena Gets Dunne Wrong. Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (24). The Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD) is a Non-profit organization of LGBT Activism that is "dedicated to promoting and Retrieved on 2006-12-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways  “A New Yorker writer does not understand Brandon Teena's transgender identity, and describes him as a "predatory" butch lesbian, referring to him as "her" for most of the piece. ”
  12. ^ Griffy, Anna M. (4). The Brandon Teena Story: Chapter 2: Brandon. The Brandon Teena Story 2. ustice Junction. Retrieved on 2006-12-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways  “Teena made her decision for good: she was going to live as a man and began to tell people she was having a sex change operation. ”
  13. ^ [1] Summary of case by JoAnn Brandon's attorney with Nebraska case # references. Retrieved on 2007-12-06.
  14. ^ The victims of prejudice, BBC News, 26 December, 2003
  15. ^ [2] Summary of case by JoAnn Brandon's attorney with Nebraska case # references. Retrieved on 2007-12-06.
  16. ^ Gabriel, Davina Anne (15). Activists Protest Violence As Lotter Trial Begins. Retrieved on 2006-12-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways  “Laux has also been quoted as saying "you can call it 'it' as far as I'm concerned" when describing Teena. ”
  17. ^ "Teena R. "Brandon Teena" Brandon", Find A Grave, August 28, 2000. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-05-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the  

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