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Brandenburg-Prussia (German: Brandenburg-Preußen) was a German monarchy established by the personal union between the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1618. The Margraviate of Brandenburg (Markgrafschaft Brandenburg was a major Principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806 The Duchy of Prussia or Ducal Prussia (Herzogtum Preußen Prūsijos kunigaikštystė Prusy Książęce was a Duchy in the eastern part of Prussia from The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising This article is about the Coat of arms of the German state of Brandenburg. This article is about the Coat of arms of the former German state of Prussia. Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Königsberg (Karaliaučius Low German: Königsbarg; Królewiec see also other names) was until 1946 the name of Kaliningrad. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince This article lists the Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg during the period of time that Brandenburg was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire A list of rulers of the former German state of Prussia, originally territories on the Baltic Sea which the Teutonic Knights had conquered from Poland and Lithuania John Sigismund (Johann Sigismund 8 November, 1572 &ndash 23 December, 1619) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg George William (Georg Wilhelm ( 13 November 1595 &ndash December 1 1640) of the Hohenzollern dynasty was Margrave and Frederick William (Friedrich Wilhelm February 16 1620 &ndash April 29 1688) was the Elector of Brandenburg and the Biography Born in Königsberg, he was the third son of Frederick William Elector of Brandenburg by his father's first marriage to Louise Henriette The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in A personal union is the combination by which two different States are governed by the same Monarch, while their boundaries their laws and their interests remain distinct Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan The Treaty of Wehlau (Vertrag von Wehlau Traktat Welawski was a Treaty signed in the eastern Prussian town of Wehlau ( Welawa, now Znamensk) Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. A personal union is the combination by which two different States are governed by the same Monarch, while their boundaries their laws and their interests remain distinct The Duchy of Prussia or Ducal Prussia (Herzogtum Preußen Prūsijos kunigaikštystė Prusy Książęce was a Duchy in the eastern part of Prussia from The Margraviate of Brandenburg (Markgrafschaft Brandenburg was a major Principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806
The monarchy was ruled by the branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty that had earlier ruled Brandenburg. The term Brandenburg-Prussia refers to this monarchy from its establishment until 1701, after which it is usually known as the Kingdom of Prussia. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The term "Brandenburg-Prussia" is sometimes also used to describe the Brandenburg-led state after the creation of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, but this state is known simply as "Prussia" after 1806. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state
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History
The Margraviate of Brandenburg had been the seat of the main branch of the Hohenzollerns since 1415. Its rulers had enjoyed the influential rights of prince-electors in the Holy Roman Empire since 1356. The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in
The Duchy of Prussia was created through the secularization of the Prussian Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights. The monastic state of the Teutonic Knights (Deutschordensland sometimes known in English by the German term Ordensstaat (ˈɔːdn̩ˌʃtɑːt or "Order-State" It was a vassal of Poland and was governed by member of a cadet branch of the House of Hohenzollern, Duke Albert of Prussia. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The descendants in the male-line of a younger son of a Monarch or Patriarch collectively constitute a cadet branch of that ancestor's lineage Albert (Albrecht Albertus 16 May 1490 – 20 March 1568 was the 37th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and after converting to Lutheranism, After his death in 1568, the duchy passed to the feeble-minded Albert Frederick. Albert Frederick (Albrecht Friedrich 7 May 1553 &ndash 28 August 1618 was Duke of Prussia from 1568 until his death Because of the duke's sickness, Prussia was governed by the regents George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1577–1603) and Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg (1603–1618). George Frederick the Elder (Georg Friedrich der Ältere April 5 1539 - April 25 1603) was Margrave of Ansbach and Joachim Frederick (Joachim Friedrich 27 January 1546 &ndash 18 July 1608) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg
Albert Frederick's daughter Anna married Joachim Frederick's son John Sigismund, and the main Hohenzollern branch in Berlin was granted the right of succession to the duchy. John Sigismund (Johann Sigismund 8 November, 1572 &ndash 23 December, 1619) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The Electors of Brandenburg inherited the Duchy of Prussia upon Albert Frederick's death in 1618, but the duchy continued to be held as a fief under the Polish Crown until 1657.
During the reign of the ineffective George William (1619–1640), the Hohenzollern lands suffered in the Thirty Years' War. George William (Georg Wilhelm ( 13 November 1595 &ndash December 1 1640) of the Hohenzollern dynasty was Margrave and For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. Sweden compelled George William to join Sweden as an ally, and Sweden occupied substantial territory in Brandenburg-Prussia. Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe Consequently, Catholic armies repeatedly ravaged Brandenburg and other Hohenzollern lands. George William's successor, Frederick William, concluded a peace agreement with Sweden. Frederick William (Friedrich Wilhelm February 16 1620 &ndash April 29 1688) was the Elector of Brandenburg and the Although Sweden had occupied the Duchy of Pomerania, Brandenburg had the right of succession upon the death of its childless duke, Bogusław XIV, in 1637. Bogislaw XIV or Bogislav XIV (Bogislaus XIV Bogusław XIV ( 31 March 1580 &ndash 10 March 1637) was the last Duke of Frederick William cultivated an alliance with the Dutch Republic. "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. In the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, with Dutch support, Frederick William won possession of Farther Pomerania, the bishoprics of Halberstadt and Minden and the right of succession to the Archbishopric of Magdeburg. The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of Farther Pomerania or Further Pomerania (Hinterpommern Pomorze Zachodnie is a Pomeranian region roughly stretching from the Oder River in the West The Bishopric of Halberstadt (Bistum Halberstadt was a Roman Catholic Diocese from 804 until 1648 and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from the late The Bishopric of Minden (Bistum Minden was a Roman Catholic Diocese and a state of the Holy Roman Empire. The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was a Roman Catholic Archdiocese within the Holy Roman Empire. By 1680, these territories and the Bishopric of Kammin had been incorporated into Brandenburg-Prussia. The former German Catholic diocese of Kammin (Kamień existed in Pomerania, from the twelfth century to 1544 Taking advantage of the difficult position of Poland against Sweden during the Northern Wars, Frederick William obtained full sovereignty for Brandenburg over Prussia from King Władysław IV Vasa of Poland in the Treaty of Wehlau in 1657. This article is about the 17th century war For 16th century war see Northern Seven Years' War ( 1563 – 1570) This article is about the 17th century king of Poland For another person sometimes mentioned as Wladislaw IV of Poland in works of reference see the 14th century Władysław The Treaty of Wehlau (Vertrag von Wehlau Traktat Welawski was a Treaty signed in the eastern Prussian town of Wehlau ( Welawa, now Znamensk) The rights of the Polish Crown meant that the duchy would legally revert back to Poland if the Hohenzollern dynastic line became extinct; this clause, which was to be renewed at each country's change of ruler, expired by 1700.
The location of the Duchy of Prussia outside the Holy Roman Empire—within which no ruler could call himself king—allowed Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg to become "king in Prussia" in 1701, in return for assisting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Biography Born in Königsberg, he was the third son of Frederick William Elector of Brandenburg by his father's first marriage to Louise Henriette King in Prussia (König in Preussen was a title used by the Electors of Brandenburg from 1701 to 1772 Early life He was a younger brother of Ferdinand IV of Hungary and Mariana of Austria. In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting This severed all links to Poland, and the first Prussian king was the last ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia who spoke fluent Polish. In 1773 the former duchy was reorganized into the province of East Prussia, while most of the Polish province of Royal Prussia became West Prussia. East Prussia (Ostpreußen; Rytų Prūsija or Rytprūsiai; Prusy Wschodnie Восточная Пруссия or Vostochnaya Prussiya) refers to the main part Royal Prussia ( Prusy Królewskie was a province of the Kingdom of Poland from 1466 and then the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1772 West Prussia ( Prusy Zachodnie was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773&ndash1824 and 1878&ndash1918 which was created out of the earlier Polish In 1806, Brandenburg, from which the kingdom was ruled, was itself reorganized as the Prussian Province of Brandenburg. } The Province of Brandenburg (Provinz Brandenburg was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1815 to 1946
Independence from Polish kings in 1657
In 1657 during the Second Northern War between Sweden, Poland, and Brandenburg, the Treaty of Wehlau granted full sovereignty over Ducal Prussia to Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg. This article is about the 17th century war For 16th century war see Northern Seven Years' War ( 1563 – 1570) Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe The Treaty of Wehlau (Vertrag von Wehlau Traktat Welawski was a Treaty signed in the eastern Prussian town of Wehlau ( Welawa, now Znamensk) Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself Frederick William (Friedrich Wilhelm February 16 1620 &ndash April 29 1688) was the Elector of Brandenburg and the The duchy lost its status as a fief of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and instead remained as state of Brandenburg-Prussia, established 1577. Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic
Polish threats
In 1675 King John III Sobieski of Poland concluded with France a secret pact, in which Poland would attack Prussia while France would pressure the Ottoman Empire to return territories to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. John III Sobieski, (Jan III Sobieski (17 August 1629 - 17 June 1696 was one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Upon the ending of hostilities with the Ottoman Turks, Poland could then attack Brandenburg or France's rival Austria. The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor However, Sobieski was opposed by the Papacy, by Polish gentry who saw the Ottomans as the greater threat, and by Polish magnates bribed by Berlin and Vienna, and Sobieski's plans for war with Prussia dissipated. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man itself from Latin magnus 'great' designates a noble or other man in a high social position Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. [1]
Kingdom in 1701
Ducal Prussia's location outside of the Holy Roman Empire allowed Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg to become "king in Prussia" in 1701 without offending the only King in Germany, Emperor Leopold I. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Biography Born in Königsberg, he was the third son of Frederick William Elector of Brandenburg by his father's first marriage to Louise Henriette King in Prussia (König in Preussen was a title used by the Electors of Brandenburg from 1701 to 1772 Early life He was a younger brother of Ferdinand IV of Hungary and Mariana of Austria. In 1773 former Ducal Prussia was reorganized into the Province of East Prussia, while most of Royal Prussia became the Province of West Prussia. The Province of East Prussia (Provinz Ostpreußen) was a province of Prussia from 1773-1829 and 1878-1945 West Prussia ( Prusy Zachodnie was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773&ndash1824 and 1878&ndash1918 which was created out of the earlier Polish
References
- ^ Gieysztor, Alexander, Stefan Kieniewicz, Emanuel Rostworowski, Janusz Tazbir, and Henryk Wereszycki. Stefan Kieniewicz ( 20 September, 1907 in Polesie - 2 May, 1992 in Konstancin) was a Polish historian and university Janusz Tazbir is an acclaimed Polish historian specializing in culture and religion of Poland in 16th and 17th centuries. History of Poland. PWN. Warsaw, 1979. ISBN 83-01-00392-8
See also
This article lists the Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg during the period of time that Brandenburg was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire A list of rulers of the former German state of Prussia, originally territories on the Baltic Sea which the Teutonic Knights had conquered from Poland and LithuaniaDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic