Bram Stoker
Bram Stoker
Born	November 8, 1847(1847-11-08) Fairview, Ireland
Died	April 20, 1912 (aged 64) London, England
Occupation	Novelist
Nationality	Irish
Genres	Horror, Romantic Fiction
Literary movement	Victorian

Abraham "Bram" Stoker (8 November 1847 – 20 April 1912) was an Irish writer of novels and short stories, who is best known today for his 1897 horror novel Dracula. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Fairview ( Irish Fionn Radharc) is a district on the Northside of Dublin, Ireland, in the jurisdiction of Dublin City Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction Horror fiction is broadly Fiction in any medium intended to scare unsettle or horrify the audience A romance novel is a literary Genre developed in Western culture, mainly in English-speaking countries This is a list of modern literary movements: that is movements after the Renaissance. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Horror fiction is broadly Fiction in any medium intended to scare unsettle or horrify the audience Dracula is an 1897 novel by Irish author Bram Stoker, featuring as its primary Antagonist the vampire Count Dracula. During his lifetime, he was better known for being the personal assistant of the actor Sir Henry Irving and the business manager of the Lyceum Theatre in London, which Irving owned. Sir Henry Irving ( February 6 1838 &ndash October 13 1905) born John Henry Brodribb was an English stage actor in the Victorian era The Lyceum Theatre is a 2000-seat West End theatre located in the City of Westminster, on Wellington Street just off the Strand.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Early career 3 Lyceum Theatre and later career 4 Death 5 Posthumous 6 Bibliography 6.1 Novels 6.2 Short story collections 6.3 Uncollected stories 6.4 Non-fiction 7 References and notes 8 External links 8.1 Online texts

Early life

He was born in 1847 at 15 Marino Crescent^[1] – then as now called "The Crescent" – now in Fairview (but then Clontarf), Dublin, Ireland. Fairview ( Irish Fionn Radharc) is a district on the Northside of Dublin, Ireland, in the jurisdiction of Dublin City Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. His parents were Abraham Stoker^[2] and the feminist Charlotte Mathilda Blake Thornely^[3]. Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate Stoker was the third of seven children. ^[4] Abraham and Charlotte were members of the Clontarf Church of Ireland parish and attended the parish church (St. The Parish of St John the Baptist, the Church of Ireland Parish of Clontarf, Dublin is a religious community located on the north shore of Dublin Bay John the Baptist located on Seafield Road West) with their children, who were both baptised there.

Stoker was bed-ridden until he started school at the age of seven — when he made a complete and astounding recovery. Of this time, Stoker wrote, "I was naturally thoughtful, and the leisure of long illness gave opportunity for many thoughts which were fruitful according to their kind in later years. "

After his recovery, he became a normal young man, even excelling as an athlete (he was named University Athlete) at Trinity College, Dublin (1864 – 1870), from which he graduated with honours in mathematics. Trinity College Dublin ( TCD; Irish Coláiste na Tríonóide Baile Átha Cliath; Latin: Collegium Sacrosanctae et Individuae Trinitatis Reginae He was auditor of the College Historical Society and president of the University Philosophical Society, where his first paper was on "Sensationalism in Fiction and Society". History Foundation The College Historical Society was founded by Edmund Burke in 1770 with James Reid as its first Auditor when Burke's Club (founded The University Philosophical Society, commonly known as The Phil, is a student paper-reading and debating society in Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

Early career

In 1876, while employed as a civil servant in Dublin, Stoker wrote a non-fiction book (The Duties of Clerks of Petty Sessions in Ireland, published 1879) and became the theatre critic for the newspaper Dublin Evening Mail. See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis The Dublin Evening Mail (renamed the Evening Mail in 1928 was between 1823 and 1962 one of Dublin 's evening newspapers In December 1876, he gave a favourable review of the actor Henry Irving's performance as Hamlet at the Theatre Royal in Dublin. Sir Henry Irving ( February 6 1838 &ndash October 13 1905) born John Henry Brodribb was an English stage actor in the Victorian era Hamlet is a Tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601 At one stage in the history of the theatre in Britain and Ireland, the designation Theatre Royal or Royal Theatre was an indication that the theatre was granted a Irving read the review and invited Stoker for dinner at the Shelbourne Hotel, where he was staying. The Shelbourne Hotel is a famous hotel situated in a landmark building on the north side of St Stephen's Green. After that they became friends. He also wrote stories, and in 1872 "The Crystal Cup" was published by the London Society, followed by "The Chain of Destiny" in four parts in The Shamrock.

Lyceum Theatre and later career

In 1878 Stoker married Florence Balcombe, a celebrated beauty whose former suitor was Oscar Wilde. Florence Balcombe (17 July 1858 &ndash 25 May 1937 was the wife of Bram Stoker, whom she married in 1878 Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900 was an Irish Playwright, Novelist, poet and Author of The couple moved to London, where Stoker became business manager (at first as acting-manager) of Irving's Lyceum Theatre, a post he held for 27 years. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. On 31st December 1879, Bram and Florence's only child was born, a son that they christened Irving Noel Thornley Stoker. The collaboration with Irving was very important for Stoker and through him he became involved in London's high society, where he met, among other notables, James McNeil Whistler, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Is a concept in Sociology that refers to the group of people at the top of a Social hierarchy. Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930 was an Anglo-Scottish Author most noted for his stories about the In the course of Irving's tours, Stoker got the chance to travel around the world. In the mid 1890s, Stoker became an member of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn,^[5][6] a fraternal magical order that also included among its members author W.B.Yeats, occultist Aleister Crowley, author and co-creator of the Rider-Waite Tarot deck, Arthur Edward Waite, London stage actress and musician Florence Farr and others. The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (or more commonly the Golden Dawn) was a magical order of the late 19th and early 20th centuries practicing a form of Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley (ˈkroʊli (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947 was a British Occultist Writer, mountaineer The Rider-Waite tarot deck is the most popular Tarot deck in use today in the English-speaking world (the Tarot de Marseille being the most popular deck in the Latin Arthur Edward Waite ( October 2, 1857 - May 19, 1942) was a scholarly Mystic who wrote extensively on Occult and Florence Beatrice Emery ( Née) Farr (7 July 1860— 29 April 1917) was a British West End leading actress composer and director

Stoker supplemented his income by writing a number of novels, his most famous being the vampire tale Dracula which was published in 1897. Dracula is an 1897 novel by Irish author Bram Stoker, featuring as its primary Antagonist the vampire Count Dracula. Dracula is an 1897 novel by Irish author Bram Stoker, featuring as its primary Antagonist the vampire Count Dracula. Before writing Dracula, Stoker spent eight years researching European folklore and stories of vampires. Dracula is an epistolary novel, written as collection of diary entries, telegrams, and letters from the characters, as well as fictional clippings from the Whitby and London newspapers. An epistolary novel German Briefroman ---> is a Novel written as a series of documents Whitby is a historic town and Civil parish in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire on the north-east coast of England. Stoker's inspirations for the story were a visit to Slains Castle and a visit to the crypts under the church St. John the Baptist where he was baptised.

Death

Bram Stoker died in 1912, and was cremated and his ashes placed in a display urn at Golders Green Crematorium. Cremation is the act of reducing a Corpse by burning, generally in a crematorium furnace or crematory fire Golders Green Crematorium and Mausoleum was the first crematorium to be opened in London, and one of the oldest crematoria in Britain. After Irving Noel Stoker's death in 1961, his ashes were added to that urn. The original plan had been to keep his parents' ashes together, but after Florence Stoker's death her ashes were scattered at the Gardens of Rest.

Posthumous

The short story collection Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Stories was published in 1914 by Stoker's widow Florence Stoker. Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Stories is a collection of short stories by Bram Stoker, first published in 1914 two years after Stoker's death The first film adaptation of Dracula was named Nosferatu. Nosferatu A Symphony of Horror is a German Expressionist film by F It was directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau and starred Max Schreck as Count Orlock. Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, better known as F W Murnau ( December 28, 1888 &ndash March 11, 1931) was one of the most influential Maximilian "Max" Schreck ( September 6, 1879 &ndash February 20, 1936) was a German Actor. Nosferatu was produced while Florence Stoker, Bram Stoker's widow and literary executrix, was still alive. Represented by the attorneys of the British Incorporated Society of Authors, she eventually sued the filmmakers. Her chief legal complaint was that she had been neither asked for permission for the adaptation nor paid any royalty. The case dragged on for some years, with Mrs. Stoker demanding the destruction of the negative and all prints of the film. The suit was finally resolved in the widow's favour in July 1925. Some copies of the film survived, however and the film has become very common in current times.

Bibliography

Novels

• The Primrose Path (1875)
• The Snake's Pass (1890)
• The Watter's Mou' (1895)
• The Shoulder of Shasta (1895)
• Dracula (1897)
• Miss Betty (1898)
• The Mystery of the Sea (1902)
• The Jewel of Seven Stars (1903)
• The Man (aka: The Gates of Life) (1905)
• Lady Athlyne (1908)
• The Lady of the Shroud (1909)
• The Lair of the White Worm (1911)

Short story collections

• Under the Sunset (1881), comprising eight fairy tales for children
• Snowbound: The Record of a Theatrical Touring Party (1908)
• Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Stories (1914), published posthumously by Florence Stoker

Uncollected stories

• "Bridal of Dead" (alternate ending to The Jewel of Seven Stars)
• "Buried Treasures"
• "The Chain of Destiny"
• "The Crystal Cup"
• "The Dualitists; or, The Death Doom of the Double Born"
• "Lord Castleton Explains" (chapter 10 of The Fate of Fenella)
• "The Gombeen Man" (chapter 3 of The Snake's Pass)
• "In the Valley of the Shadow"
• "The Man from Shorrox"
• "Midnight Tales"
• "The Red Stockade"
• "The Seer" (chapters 1 and 2 of The Mystery of the Sea)

Non-fiction

• The Duties of Clerks of Petty Sessions in Ireland (1879)
• A Glimpse of America (1886)
• Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving (1906)
• Famous Impostors (1910)

References and notes

External links

• Bram Stoker at the Open Directory Project
• Bram Stoker at the Internet Movie Database
• Bram Stoker at Find A Grave
• h2g2 article on Bram Stoker
• Bram Stoker's brief biography and works
• 20 Common Misconceptions and Other Miscellaneous Information
• The Stoker Dracula Organisation

Online texts

• Works by Bram Stoker at Project Gutenberg
• Bram Stoker Page
• Bram Stoker's Dracula full text. The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works

Persondata
NAME	Stoker, Bram
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Stoker, Abraham
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Irish novelist
DATE OF BIRTH	November 8, 1847(1847-11-08)
PLACE OF BIRTH	Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland
DATE OF DEATH	April 20, 1912
PLACE OF DEATH	London, England

Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Clontarf ( is a coastal suburb on the northside of Dublin, Ireland, located in Dublin 3. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

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