Bradford
A view over Bradford
Bradford shown within West Yorkshire
Population	293,717
OS grid reference	SE164331
- London	204 miles (328 km)
Metropolitan borough	City of Bradford
Metropolitan county	West Yorkshire
Region	Yorkshire and the Humber
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	BRADFORD
Postcode district	BD1-15
Dialling code	01274
Police	West Yorkshire
Fire	West Yorkshire
Ambulance	Yorkshire
European Parliament	Yorkshire and the Humber
UK Parliament	Bradford East Bradford North Bradford South Bradford West
List of places: UK • England • Yorkshire

Coordinates: 53°47′40″N 1°45′07″W / 53.79451, -1.75182

Bradford (pronunciation (help·info)) is a city in West Yorkshire, England. West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government The City of Bradford is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a Metropolitan borough and a city Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one Yorkshire and the Humber is one of the nine government office Regions of England. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. West Yorkshire Police is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing West Yorkshire in England. The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Metropolitan county of West The Yorkshire Ambulance Service is the NHS Ambulance service covering most of Yorkshire in England. Yorkshire and the Humber is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Bradford East was the name of a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885&ndash1974 Bradford North is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Bradford South is a Borough constituency in the city of Bradford, West Yorkshire. Bradford West is a Borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a list of cities, Towns and Villages in the historic English county of Yorkshire. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It lies amongst the Pennines, 8. The Pennines are a low-rising Mountain range in Northern England and southern Scotland. 6 miles (13. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States 8 km) west of Leeds, and 13 miles (20. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England 9 km) northwest of Wakefield. Wakefield lies at the heart of the City of Wakefield, a Metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. Bradford is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, Bradford being the administrative centre. A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. The City of Bradford is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a Metropolitan borough and a city Bradford has a population of 293,717, whilst the wider borough has a population of 493,100. This is a list of the largest cities and towns of England ordered by population. The figures are mid-year estimates for 2007 from the Office for National Statistics.

Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Bradford rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture, particularly wool. The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. With the establishment of overseas colonies, the British Empire at the end of the 17th century/beginning of the 18th century had a vast source of raw materials and a vast market Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements, rapidly becoming the "wool capital of the world". A boomtown is a Community that experiences sudden and rapid population and Economic growth. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one ^[1] The area's supply of coal, iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford's manufacturing base, which, as textile manufacture grew, led to an explosion in population size and a stimulation in civic investment; Bradford has fine Victorian architecture including the grande Italianate City Hall. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era.

Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847, and received its charter as a city in 1897. Municipal boroughs were a type of Local government which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974 in Northern Ireland from 1840 to A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Following a boundary reform in 1974, the city status was transferred to the wider metropolitan district. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales ^[4]

The textile sector in Bradford fell into a terminal decline from the mid-20th century. Since this time, Bradford has faced similar challenges to the post-industrial north, including deindustrialisation, economic deprivation and housing issues. A post-industrial society is a society in which an economic transition has occurred from a manufacturing based economy to a service based economy, a diffusion Northern England, The North, The North of England or (less commonly The North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line Deindustrialization (also spelled deindustrialisation) is a process of Social and Economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial Since the 1950s Bradford has experienced significant levels of immigration, particularly from India and Pakistan, and subsequently has the fourth highest proportion of Muslims in England and Wales. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion History The Roman occupation of Britain was the first period in which the area of present-day England and Wales was administered as a single unit (with the exception Since the decline in heavy industry, Bradford has emerged as a tourist destination with attractions such as the National Media Museum, Cartwright Hall, and Saltaire, the latter of which is a World Heritage Site. The National Media Museum (formerly the National Museum of Photography Film and Television) is a museum in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England Cartwright Hall is the civic Art gallery in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, situated about a mile from the city centre in the Manningham Saltaire is the name of a Victorian era Model village in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, by the River Aire A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex

Contents 1 History 2 Governance 3 Geography 3.1 Bradford Beck 3.2 Bradfordale 4 Economy 5 Education 6 Health 7 Development 8 Twin towns 9 Culture and recreation 9.1 Museums and art galleries 9.2 Festivals 9.3 Architecture 9.4 Theatre 9.5 Music and dance 9.6 Cinema 9.7 Nightlife 9.8 Hotels 9.9 Parks and countryside 9.10 Sport 9.11 Local media 9.11.1 Newspapers 9.11.2 Radio 10 Religion 10.1 Religious buildings 10.1.1 Bradford Cathedral 10.1.2 Mosques 10.1.3 Hindu temples 10.1.4 Sikh temples 10.1.5 Synagogues 11 Originating in Bradford 11.1 Notable Bradfordians 12 Transport 12.1 Roads 12.2 Buses and trams 12.3 Canal 12.4 Railways 12.5 Airport 13 In popular culture 14 See also 15 References 15.1 Bibliography 16 External links

History

The name Bradford is derived from the "broad ford" at Church Bank (below the site of Bradford Cathedral) around which a settlement had begun to appear before the time of the Norman Conquest ("Bradeford" in the Domesday book of 1086). A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled Bradford Cathedral ( is situated in the heart of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England, on a site used for Christian worship since the 8th century when The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey The ford crossed the stream called Bradford Beck. Bradford ( lies at the heart of the City of Bradford, a Metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England.

Bradford has long been a centre of the West Riding wool industry. The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species Bradford was one of the many English towns which became prosperous during the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Bradford's textile industry dates back as far as the 13th century, but it was not until the 19th century that it became world-famous. Wool was imported in vast quantities for the worsted cloth in which Bradford specialised. Worsted (pronunciation) is the name of a Yarn, the Cloth made from this yarn and a yarn weight category Other fibres were also processed, e. g. , alpaca. The Alpaca ( Vicugna pacos) is a domesticated species of South American Camelid. Yorkshire boasted plentiful supplies of iron ore, coal and soft water which were used in cleaning raw wool, and a huge coal seam provided the power that the industry needed. Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Soft water the term used to describe types of Water that contain few or no Calcium or Magnesium metal cations. Sandstone, Bradford's local stone, was an excellent resource for the building of the mills, and the large population of West Yorkshire meant there was a readily available workforce. Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains.

A culture of innovation was fundamental to Bradford's dominance in the 19th and 20th centuries. New textile technologies were invented in the city. A prime example being the work of Samuel Lister. Samuel Cunliffe Lister 1st Baron Masham, (born 1 January 1815 in Calverley Old Hall, Yorkshire - died 2 February 1906 in Swinton Park, Yorkshire This innovation culture continues today throughout Bradford's economy: from automotive Kahn Design [5] to electronics Pace Micro Technology.

To support the textile mills, a large manufacturing base grew up in the city, providing textile machinery, and this led to diversification with different industries thriving side-by-side. A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial Building where workers manufacture goods For example, Bradford's proud manufacturing history includes the Jowett Motor Company, which had many great achievements during its 50 years existence. Jowett was a car marque from Bradford England from 1906 to 1954 The textile industry started to decline in the 1920s, and Bradford has been cited as an example of deindustrialization. However, today a spirit of rebirth has taken hold and Bradford is one of the north's important cities, with modern technology, chemicals, engineering, academic and financial sectors replacing the "dark satanic mills" image of the Industrial Revolution.

The grandest of the mills (no longer used for textile production) is Lister Mills, the chimney of which can be seen from most places in Bradford. Lister's Mill (otherwise known as Manningham Mills was the largest Silk factory in the world It has recently become a beacon of regeneration in the city after a £100 million conversion to apartment blocks by property developers Urban Splash [6]. Urban Splash, is a British company set up in 1993, which regenerates decaying industrial Warehouses mills victorian terraced houses and other

Salts Mill is another large mill that has an exciting new life in the modern era. Salt's Mill (or Salts Mill) is an art gallery shopping and restaurant complex located in Saltaire, Bradford, West Yorkshire, England The mill is occupied by high technology companies, contemporary design shops and gallery spaces. It is the hub of the world heritage site of Saltaire, three miles north of Bradford city centre. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Saltaire is the name of a Victorian era Model village in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, by the River Aire The Bradford district also contains the villages of Thornton and Haworth, the birthplace and home of the world famous Brontë sisters. Thornton is a village within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, in West Yorkshire, England. Haworth is a Village and tourist attraction in the English county of West Yorkshire, best known for its association with the Brontë sisters The Brontë sisters (ˈbrɒnte Charlotte (21 April 1816 &ndash 31 March 1855 Emily (30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848 and Anne (17 January 1820 Clayton was home to Albert Pierrepoint, Britain's last hangman. Clayton is an area of Bradford, West Yorkshire, in England, situated 3 miles to the west of the city centre Albert Pierrepoint (30 March 1905 &ndash 10 July 1992 is the most famous member of a family from Yorkshire who provided three of the United Kingdom 's official

Ever since the Industrial Revolution there have been waves of immigration into the city and today there is a very diverse population (Figures for ethnic origin of inhabitants are given in the entry for the City of Bradford). The City of Bradford is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a Metropolitan borough and a city This is reflected in the different types of places of worship built over the years. Nonconformist chapels were frequently built in the 19th century, and mosques started appearing in the 20th century. The city has been praised for its cultural diversity but on occasion conflict has arisen. In January 1989, copies of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses were publicly burnt in Bradford, and the city's Muslim community took the lead in the campaign against the book in the UK. Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie Kt (born 19 June 1947 is an Indian - British novelist and essayist The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdie 's fourth Novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. In July 2001, ethnic tensions and troubles in other northern towns led to serious rioting in Bradford "Bradford Riot". The Bradford Riots were a short but intense period of Rioting which began on July 7, 2001, in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England

Bradford was one of the contenders for 2008 European Capital Of Culture. Although in the end it lost out to Liverpool, the bid created confidence in the city and has led to new initiatives.

In 2004, the Bradford Urban Regeneration Company commissioned architect Will Alsop to create a vision for the city's future and the role of a "City Centre" in the 21st century. Will (William Alsop (born 12 December 1947) is a British Architect based in London. The audacious (yet controversial) Alsop plan [7] envisions four regenerated quarters within the heart of the city — The Bowl, The Channel, The Market and The Valley — each creating new public spaces for commerce, education, leisure and showcasing Bradford's setting within the Pennine region.

Governance

See also: City of Bradford

During the English Civil War the town was Parliamentarian in sympathy, but changed hands several times as it was difficult to defend. The City of Bradford is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a Metropolitan borough and a city The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. " Roundheads " was the Nickname given to the Puritan supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War. A life-size statue of Oliver Cromwell decorates the façade of the 19th century City Hall, suggesting a continuing commitment to parliamentary values. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known However, Bradford did not gain its own MPs until the Reform Act 1832 gave it two. The Representation of the People Act 1832, commonly known as the Reform Act 1832, was an Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system Other prominent statues of political figures include Robert Peel and Richard Cobden (campaigners for free trade which Bradford at one time saw as key to its commercial success) and W.E. Forster (perhaps Bradford's most famous MP). Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet (5 February 1788 &ndash 2 July 1850 was the Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 10 December 1834 to 8 April Richard Cobden ( June 3, 1804 &ndash April 2, 1865) was a British manufacturer and Radical and Liberal Free trade is a system in which the trade of goods and services between or within countries flows unhindered by government-imposed restrictions William Edward Forster, FRS ( July 11, 1818 &ndash April 6, 1886) was a British Industrialist, Philanthropist Bradford's politicians tended to identify with industrialists in the 19th century, but the city played an important part in the early history of the Labour Party. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the A mural on the back of the Priestley Centre For The Arts (visible from Leeds Road) commemorates the centenary of the founding of the Independent Labour Party in 1893. See Independent Labor Party for the Political party in Burundi, Independent Labour Group for the Irish party and Labour candidates

Bradford was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1847, covering the parishes of Bradford, Horton and Manningham. Municipal boroughs were a type of Local government which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974 in Northern Ireland from 1840 to Manningham is an area of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, approximately a mile north of the city centre and is seen as the centre of the city's south It became a county borough with the passing of the Local Government Act 1888. County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City The Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict c 41 was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1888 and established County councils and County borough The county borough was granted city status by Letters Patent in 1897. Letters patent are a type of Legal instrument in the form of an Open letter issued by a Monarch or Government, granting an office right Bradford was expanded in 1882 to include Allerton, Bolton, Bowling, Heaton, Thornbury and Tyersal. Allerton is a village in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The village is now part of the Bradford Conurbation. Bolton and Undercliffe is an electoral ward in the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council. Bowling is a Game / Sport in which players attempt to score points by rolling a Bowling ball along a flat surface either into objects called pins Heaton (population 14519 - 2001 UK census) is a Ward in Bradford Metropolitian District in the County of West Yorkshire, Thornbury is a district on the eastern edge of Bradford, in West Yorkshire, England. Tyersal is a district 3 km (2 miles east of Bradford and 13 km (8 miles west of Leeds and has a population of 2605 according to Bradford Community Statistics Project In 1899 it was further expanded by adding North Bierley, Eccleshill, Idle, Thornton, Tong and Wyke. Eccleshill (population 16769 - 2001 UK census) is a Ward in Bradford Metropolitian District in the County of West Yorkshire, Idle and Thackley (population 14541 - 2001 UK census) is a Ward in Bradford Metropolitian District in the County of West Yorkshire Thornton is a village within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, in West Yorkshire, England. Tong (population 17069 - 2001 UK census) is a Ward in Bradford Metropolitian District in the County of West Yorkshire, Wyke (population 14180 - 2001 UK census) is a Ward in Bradford Metropolitan District in the County of West Yorkshire, England Clayton was added in 1930. Clayton is an area of Bradford, West Yorkshire, in England, situated 3 miles to the west of the city centre

The county borough was merged with the Borough of Keighley, the Urban Districts of Baildon, Bingley, Denholme,Cullingworth, Ilkley, Shipley and Silsden, along with part of Queensbury and Shelf Urban District and part of Skipton Rural District by the Local Government Act 1972. Keighley ( IPA /ˈkiːθli/ "Keeth-ly" is a town and Civil parish within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford in Baildon is a town north of Bradford in Northern England. It is part of the metropolitan borough of Bradford in the Metropolitan county Bingley is a Market town in the Metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, in West Yorkshire, England. Denholme is a small town and Civil parish in the Bradford Metropolitan Borough, West Yorkshire, England. Cullingworth is a medium sized village in West Yorkshire, England, between Bradford and Haworth. Ilkley is a Spa town and Civil parish in West Yorkshire, in the north of England. Shipley is a Town in West Yorkshire, England, by the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, north of Bradford Silsden is an English Town situated in West Yorkshire. It lies on the northern slope of the Aire river valley between Keighley and Queensbury and Shelf was an Urban district in the West Riding of Yorkshire from 1937 to 1974 Skipton was a Rural district in the West Riding of Yorkshire from 1894 to 1974. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales One result of the boundaries of Bradford being widened in this way is that the district is marginal in terms of party political loyalty — at present no group is in overall control of the council.

In 1858 a case of poisoning occurring as a result of sweets sold from Bradford's Green Market being adulterated with arsenic led to legislation such as the Pharmacies Act 1868 and W.E. Gladstone's regulating of the adulteration of foodstuffs. Arsenic (ˈɑrsənɪk is a Chemical element that has the symbol As and Atomic number of 33 See The Bradford Sweet Poisoning. The Bradford sweets poisoning was the accidental Arsenic poisoning of more than 200 people in Bradford, England in 1858 an estimated 20 people died when

Geography

Bradford is located at 53°45′00″N, 01°50′00″W (53. 7500, -1. 8333)¹. A gazetteer is a geographical Dictionary or directory, an important reference for information about places and place names (see Toponomy) used in conjunction Topographically, it is located in the eastern part of the moorland region called the South Pennines. The South Pennines are a region of Moorland and hill country in the North of England.

The City of Bradford has an estimated population (2003) of 477,775. About 300,000 of these live within the main city area itself, the rest living in the surrounding towns, villages and countryside.

Bradford Beck

Unusually for a major city, Bradford is not built on any substantial body of water. The ford from which it takes its name (Broad-Ford) was a crossing of the stream called Bradford Beck. A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled The beck rises in the Pennine hills to the west of the city, and is swelled by tributaries such as Horton Beck, Westbrook, Bowling Beck and Eastbrook. At the site of the original ford, just below the present Bradford Cathedral, it turns north, and flows more or less straight towards the River Aire at Shipley. A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled Bradford Cathedral ( is situated in the heart of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England, on a site used for Christian worship since the 8th century when The River Aire is a major River in Yorkshire, England of length 114km (71m Shipley is a Town in West Yorkshire, England, by the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, north of Bradford

Bradford Beck's course through the city centre is entirely underground, and was mostly so by the middle of the 19th century. On the 1852 Ordnance Survey map of Bradford^[8] it is visible as far as Sun Bridge, at the end of Tyrrell Street, and then again from beside the Railway Station at the bottom of Kirkgate. Ordnance Survey (OS is an Executive agency of the United Kingdom government Bradford Forster Square Station is a Railway station in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. On the 1906 Ordnance Survey,^[9] it disappears at Tumbling Hill Street, off Thornton Road, and first appears again north of Cape Street, off Valley Road, though there are further culverts as far as Queens Road. This is substantially the position today.

Bradford Beck is now a central element of the Alsop plan to regenerate the city centre. 'The Bowl' is an ambitious project to open up the beck and create a huge pool to act as the pivotal point of the new city centre.

The Bradford Canal, built in 1774, took its water from Bradford Beck and its tributaries. The Bradford Canal ran three and half miles through 10 locks from the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Shipley into the centre of Bradford. This supply was often inadequate to feed the locks, and the polluted state of the canal led to its temporary closure in 1866: the canal was closed in the early 20th century as uneconomic. Like the beck, the canal is about to be rejuvenated in the Alsop plan. 'The Channel' envisages the reopening of the canal and the creation of a new canal-side community.

Bradfordale

Bradfordale (or Bradforddale) is a name given by geographers to the valley of Bradford Beck (see for example Firth 1997^[10]). It can reasonably be regarded as one of the Yorkshire Dales, though as the site of a big city, it is often not recognised as such. The Yorkshire Dales (also known as The Dales) is the name given to an upland area in Northern England.

Economy

Bradford's historical prominence in textile industries has now waned, however the prevailing low wages and the support of a thriving educational sector continue to create economic success in many areas, notably: Finance (Yorkshire Building Society, Bradford & Bingley plc, Abbey/Grupo Santander, Provident Financial plc), Retail (Morrison's supermarkets, Grattan Mail Order), Electronics (Pace Micro, Filtronic), Engineering (NG Bailey, Powell Switchgear), Manufacturing (Denso Marston, CIBA Chemicals, Bailey Offsite).

Education

The University of Bradford has over 10,000 students. Bradford College is a large further and Higher education college located in Bradford in the north of England, with approximately The University of Bradford (est 1966 is a University in Bradford, West Yorkshire in the United Kingdom. It received its Royal Charter in 1966, but traces its history back to the 1860s. A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company It has always been a technical and technological institution, and has no true arts faculties; but it still covers a wide range of subjects including technology & management science, optometry, pharmacy, medical sciences, nursing studies, archaeology and modern languages. Its Peace Studies Department, founded with Quaker support in 1973, was for long the only such institution in the UK. Peace and conflict studies is an " Academic field which identifies and analyzes the violent and nonviolent behaviors as well as the structural mechanisms In terms of nationally recognised leading areas of research there are various departments such as Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Bradford School of Pharmacy, Peace Studies, Archaeology, Engineering, Management, Biochemistry, amongst others. It balances academic research, teaching quality with a strong tradition of social inclusion.

University of Bradford School of Management located near Lister Park, is currently rated the 11th best business school by the Financial Times [11] and 21st best by the Economist [12] in the UK. Bradford University School of Management, located in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England and established in 1963, is an international Business

Bradford College has around 26,000 students. Bradford College is a large further and Higher education college located in Bradford in the north of England, with approximately It developed from the 19th century technical college whose buildings it has inherited. It now offers a wide range of further and higher educational courses, and is an Associate College of Leeds Metropolitan University. Leeds Metropolitan University is a University with two campuses in Leeds, Yorkshire, England. It has absorbed the Art School whose most famous alumnus is David Hockney. David Hockney, CH, RA, (born 9 July 1937 is an English Artist, based in Los Angeles California, United States

Bradford Grammar School, in Frizinghall, dates back to 1548: it has been co-educational since 1999. Bradford Grammar School was founded in 1548 and granted its Charter as the Free Grammar School of King Charles II in 1662 The Girls' Grammar School, Bradford is a quite separate establishment dating from 1875: it continues to take only girls except for its Infants' Department. Woodhouse Grove School is another major private education establishment, located in the Aire Valley at Apperley Bridge. Woodhouse Grove School is an independent, Coeducational, day and boarding public school and Sixth Form college in Apperley Bridge

Health

There are two major hospitals in Bradford: Bradford Royal Infirmary and St Luke's Hospital. Bradford Royal infirmary is a large teaching Hospital in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, and is operated by Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS trust Plus significant local health centres and cottage hospitals. Private health care is also available at the Yorkshire Clinic, Shipley and the Yorkshire Eye Hospital, Greengates.

Bradford is home to one of the UK's largest ever birth cohort studies, known as Born in Bradford. Born in Bradford is a large birth Cohort study based at Bradford Royal Infirmary, a Hospital in the city Partly supported by European funding, it is the result of close collaboration between the University of Bradford, the NHS and other institutions in West Yorkshire. The University of Bradford (est 1966 is a University in Bradford, West Yorkshire in the United Kingdom. It will track the lives of all the babies born in the city from 2006 to 2008 and aim to find solutions to some of Bradford's public health problems, such as obesity and a higher than average infant mortality rate. Obesity is a condition in which excess Body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be negatively affected Infant mortality is defined as the number of deaths of Infants (one year of age or younger per 1000 live births

Development

Recently many significant developments have been completed in the Bradford district (last 10 years). In addition further large schemes are under construction and proposed.

Complete:

• Centenary Square, city centre, public piazza and retail
• Connecting the City, [13] £20 m clearance of 1960s structures over several acres of the city centre, preparation for Broadway project
• Lister Mills Silk Warehouse, Manningham, 131 apartments first phase of £100 m project
• Victoria Mill, Shipley, £70 m conversion and new build, 300 apartments [14] (part complete)
• City termination of M606
• Leisure Exchange, city centre, multiplex cinemas, bowling, restaurants
• New Class 333 electric trains (similar to Heathrow Express) from Forster Square railway station to Leeds/Ilkley/Skipton/Shipley/Bingley/Keighley
• Abbey offices, Yorkshire Building Society offices, city centre
• Valley Parade, Manningham, completion of 25,000 seat covered stands at Bradford City football stadium
• Manchester Road corridor, 2 mile guided bus route with innovative art installation/bus stops
• Bingley Relief Road, £49 m project creating 9 mile high-speed route through Airedale
• Rawson Quarter, redevelopment of the former Rawson Market. Lister's Mill (otherwise known as Manningham Mills was the largest Silk factory in the world The M606 Bradford Spur motorway in England leaves the M62 motorway at junction 26 near Cleckheaton, and heads into Bradford, to join the The British Rail Class 333 Electric multiple units were built by Siemens and are based on the Class 332 trains operated by Heathrow Express Heathrow Express is a Train service from Heathrow Airport to Paddington in Central London operated by the Heathrow Express Operating Authority Valley Parade, also known as the Coral Windows Stadium through Sponsorship rights is an All-seater football Stadium in Bradford The Rawson Quarter is a shopping centre in central Bradford, bound by Godwin Street James Street John Street and Rawson Place
• The Gatehaus, Little Germany, [15] £22 m 11 floor apartment building [16] [17]

Under construction and (proposed):

• Lister Mills Velvet Mill, 170 apartments
• Broadway Project, £300 m city centre shops, offices and apartments (proposed, clearance complete)
• Eastbrook Hall, Little Germany, £12 m rebuilding significant structure to create commercial and living space (completion summer 2008)
• Listerhills urban village, £90 m mixed use project, student and key-worker housing, in city centre Thornton Road/Valley area (commences 2008)
• New Victoria Place, £55 m hotel, public square, offices, retail, Bradford College, 205 apartments, adjacent Alhambra Theatre and Centenary Square (proposed, site is debated over)
• Channel neighbourhood, £350 m waterside project in city centre Canal Road area, shops, offices, apartments, includes reopening Bradford Canal (in planning)
• University campus refurbishment, £75 m project as part of 'Ecoversity' vision (part complete) [18]
• Lister Mills further phases of £100 m project, Chimney Square, Boiler House, link to Victor Road and Lister Park (proposed)
• Drummonds, Manningham, conversion of mills to apartments and offices (proposed)
• The Bowl, centrepiece of the Alsop Masterplan large pool backed by City Hall, the future gathering place for Bradfordians (purchase of land in progress)
• Citygate project, Manchester Road (City Centre end) hotel, residential and commercial buildings including 38 storey tower, making it Bradford's tallest (completion 2012)
• Beehive Mills, Thornton Road, residential apartments and commercial uses on the ground floors including a 22 storey tower (completion 2010)

Twin towns

Bradford's current twin towns and cities are listed at http://www.bradford.gov.uk/life_in_the_community/twin_towns_and_villages:

• Skopje, Republic of Macedonia - twinned 1963
• Roubaix, France - twinned 1969
• Verviers, Belgium – twinned 1970
• Mönchengladbach, Germany – twinned 1971
• Hamm, Germany – twinned 1976
• Galway, Ireland - twinned 1987
• Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan - friendship agreement 1998

Culture and recreation

Museums and art galleries

The city is the location of the most visited museum outside London — the National Media Museum, previously called the National Museum of Photography, Film & Television, which has three cinemas including a gigantic Imax screen. The National Media Museum (formerly the National Museum of Photography Film and Television) is a museum in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England IMAX (short for Image MAXimum is a Film format created by Canada 's IMAX Corporation that has the capacity to display images of far greater size and Bradford's main art gallery is housed in the grand Edwardian Cartwright Hall in Lister Park. Cartwright Hall is the civic Art gallery in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, situated about a mile from the city centre in the Manningham Lister Park (also known as Manningham Park is a picturesque public park in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. Salt's Mill has the world's largest collection of David Hockney artworks. Salt's Mill (or Salts Mill) is an art gallery shopping and restaurant complex located in Saltaire, Bradford, West Yorkshire, England David Hockney, CH, RA, (born 9 July 1937 is an English Artist, based in Los Angeles California, United States Bradford Industrial Museum[19] celebrates and explains the significant achievements in Bradford's industrial past, from textiles to the manufacture of motor cars. Colour was important in the development of the textile industry and the educational Bradford Colour Museum [20] is unique in the UK. It is run by the Society of Dyers and Colourists.

Festivals

Each year the city hosts several successful festivals. In June there is the Book Festival and the massive Bradford Mela^[2], the biggest of its kind outside Asia. The Ilkley Literature Festival^[3] in September and October is the largest and most prestigious in the north attracting big names from the arts and entertainment. The Ilkley Literature Festival is the north of England's oldest and largest literature festival There are several Continental Markets and Food Fairs throughout the city and district including the Bradford International Market, a four day spectacular in August. The city is also known for it's various film festivals hosted by the National Media Museum. The National Media Museum (formerly the National Museum of Photography Film and Television) is a museum in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England These include The Bradford Film Festival in March, Bite The Mango Film Festival (World Cinema) in September, plus the Bradford Animation Festival held each November.

Architecture

See also: Grade I listed buildings in City of Bradford

Bradford's oldest building is the cathedral, which for most of its life was a parish church. This is a list of the grade I listed buildings in the City of Bradford. Bradford Cathedral ( is situated in the heart of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England, on a site used for Christian worship since the 8th century when Few other Medieval buildings have survived apart from Bolling Hall, which has been preserved as a museum. Bolling Hall is one of the oldest buildings in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.

Bradford has some fine Victorian buildings: apart from the mills mentioned elsewhere in this article, there is the City Hall (with statues of rulers of England unusually including Oliver Cromwell), the Wool Exchange (now used as a bookshop), and a large Victorian cemetery at Undercliffe. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known The Wool Exchange Building in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England was built between 1864 and 1867

Little Germany is a splendid Victorian commercial district just east of the city centre which takes its name from 19th century immigrants who ran businesses from some of the many listed buildings. Little Germany Bradford is an area of particular historical and architectural interest in central Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance Following decades of decay there have been successful conversions to office and residential use. In mid-2005 renovation began on the prominent Eastbrook Hall in Little Germany.

Like many cities, Bradford lost a number of notable buildings to developers in the 1960s and 1970s: particularly mourned at the time were the Swan Arcade and the old Kirkgate Market. In recent years some buildings from that era have themselves been demolished and replaced: Provincial House, next to Centenary Square, was demolished by controlled explosion in 2002^[4], and Forster House was pulled down in 2005 as part of the Broadway development. Broadway Bradford (also known as Westfield Bradford) is a planned leisure and shopping complex in Bradford, England. ^[5]

Theatre

There are four theatres in Bradford: The Alhambra was built in 1914 for theatre impresario Frank Laidler, and later owned by the Moss Empire group (Oswald Stoll and Edward Moss) and refurbished in 1986; The Studio is a smaller studio theatre in the same complex. The Bradford Alhambra is a Theatre in Bradford West Yorkshire. Sir Oswald Stoll ( 20 January 1866 &ndash 9 January 1942) was a British theatre manager and the co-founder of the Stoll Moss Sir Horace Edward Moss (1852&ndash 25 November 1912) was a British theatre impresario and the founder of the Moss Empires theatre company (now Both of these are operated by Bradford Council. The City of Bradford is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a Metropolitan borough and a city The Theatre in the Mill is a small studio theatre in the University of Bradford which presents both student and community shows and small-scale touring professional work. The University of Bradford (est 1966 is a University in Bradford, West Yorkshire in the United Kingdom. The Priestley Theatre is a privately run venue with a medium-sized proscenium theatre and a small studio. The Priestley (formally known as The Priestley Centre for the Arts, Bradford Playhouse or Bradford Playhouse and Film Theatre - and originally Bradford

Among the professional theatre companies based in Bradford, are

• Kala Sangam
• the satirical madcap comedy troop, Komedy Kollective. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human
• Lost Dog (based at Theatre In The Mill)
• Mind the Gap, one of the longest established, who have always worked with a mixture of disabled and able-bodied performers.

Groups and organisations teaching theatre include

• The Asian Theatre School
• Bradford Stage and Theatre School
• Stage 84

Amateur theatre groups include:

• Actors' Community Theatre (ACT)
• Bingley Little Theatre
• The Bradford Players
• Bradford University Society for Operettas and Musicals (BUSOM)
• Bradford University Theatre Group (BUTG),
• Bradford Youth Players
• Buttershaw (St Paul's) Church Amateur Operatic and Dramatic Society
• Drama Unlimited
• Great Horton Amateur Operatic Society

Music and dance

St George's Hall is a grand concert hall, designed by Lockwood and Mawson, dating from 1853. St George's Concert Hall is a Victorian building which occupies a prominent corner site in the centre of Bradford, England The Hallé Orchestra have been regular visitors over the years, as have a wide range of popular entertainers including Ken Dodd. The Hallé is a Symphony orchestra based in Manchester, England, it claims the status of "the oldest professional orchestra" in the Kenneth Arthur Dodd OBE (born November 8, 1927) is a veteran English Comedian and Singer Songwriter, famous It is sometimes used for theatrical productions.

Though the university does not have an academic music department, it has a Fellow in Music who organises a range of playing and performing groups, and regular concerts around the university, in venues such as the Tasmin Little Music Centre, and the Yorkshire Craft Centre at Bradford College; there are also occasional concerts further afield, in venues such as Bradford Cathedral. Saltaire is the name of a Victorian era Model village in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, by the River Aire A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The University of Bradford (est 1966 is a University in Bradford, West Yorkshire in the United Kingdom. Tasmin Little (born 13 May 1965) is an English Violinist. She was born in London, where she studied under Pauline Scott Bradford College is a large further and Higher education college located in Bradford in the north of England, with approximately Bradford Cathedral ( is situated in the heart of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England, on a site used for Christian worship since the 8th century when

Although Bradford was home to composer Frederick Delius, there are no prominent professional music ensembles based in Bradford at present. Frederick Albert Theodore Delius CH (29 January 1862 &ndash 10 June 1934 was an English Composer born in Bradford in the West Riding of Yorkshire There are some prominent amateur groups, such as the Bradford Festival Chorus.

The Topic Folk Club has been in existence since 1956, though it has changed the pub it meets in every few years. It currently meets in the Cock and Bottle on Barkerend Road, on Thursday nights.

Jazz at The Priestley is a long-running series of jazz evenings in the Cellar Bar of The Priestley on Friday nights. The Priestley (formally known as The Priestley Centre for the Arts, Bradford Playhouse or Bradford Playhouse and Film Theatre - and originally Bradford

Boar's Head Morris Men were a (mainly Cotswold) morris side in Bradford from the early 1970s until 2006. A morris dance is a form of English Folk dance usually accompanied by music Persephone Ladies Morris are still active, as are Rainbow Morris in Shipley, and clog side Clogaire. Shipley is a Town in West Yorkshire, England, by the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, north of Bradford

Mono is a monthly rock fanzine published in Bradford, covering the local alternative/independent rock music scene. mono (always all lower case is the underground Bradford music fanzine whose remit is alternative/independent Rock. A fanzine (see also Zine) is a nonprofessional publication produced by fans of a particular cultural phenomenon (such as a literary or musical genre for the pleasure

Bradford Music Week will take place in and around central Bradford between Mon 26th and Sun 1st June 2008. The event will feature seminars, exhibitions, workshops, films, special events and activities. There will be concerts from national breaking bands and also importantly opportunities for local artists to play in everything from small acoustic performances to full blown gigs at various venues in and around the city centre.

Cinema

The National Media Museum celebrates cinema and movies. It contains an Imax cinema, the Cubby Broccoli Cinema, and the Pictureville Cinema — described by David Puttnam as the best cinema in Britain [21]. IMAX (short for Image MAXimum is a Film format created by Canada 's IMAX Corporation that has the capacity to display images of far greater size and Albert Romolo Broccoli, CBE (Hon ( April 5 1909 &ndash June 27 1996) nicknamed "Cubby" was an American The museum has a rich and varied programme of films from around the world.

Traditional cinemas have been replaced by new entertainment complexes with multi-screen cinemas. Cinemaaustraliajpg|thumb|A movie theater in Australia ]]A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre or cinema is a venue There are two multiplex cinema in Bradford: Cineworld at the Leisure Exchange in the city centre, and Odeon Leeds-Bradford at Thornbury, on the outskirts of Bradford, to replace the old Odeon next to the Alhambra, which was the recent focus of protests by Bradfordians who didn't wish to see this building close. Odeon Leeds-Bradford is a multiplex cinema located between the two cities Bradford and Leeds at the Gallagher Leisure Park Thornbury Bradford Thornbury is a district on the eastern edge of Bradford, in West Yorkshire, England.

The University of Bradford also has a cinema run by the Student's Union. The Bradford Student Cinema operates from the University's Great Hall.

Bradford is bidding to become a UNESCO City of Film.

Nightlife

Since around 2000, several clubs and theme pubs have opened in the West End of Bradford, around the Alhambra Theatre, turning what was previously a fairly quiet area into one that is often crowded and raucous at night. The Bradford Alhambra is a Theatre in Bradford West Yorkshire.

A myriad of Indian and Pakistani restaurants cater for the most discerning curry tastes.

Hotels

Bradford has a number of architecturally historic hotels that date back to the establishment of the two railway lines into the city centre, back in Victorian times. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The Victoria Hotel and the Midland Hotel were built to accommodate business travellers to the city from Scotland, the Midlands, and London, arriving at Forster Square and Bradford Victoria station (later to become Bradford Interchange, during the height of the woollen trade. Bradford Interchange is a combined railway coach and bus station in Bradford, England.

Parks and countryside

Within the city district there are 37 parks and gardens. Lister Park with its boating lake and Mughal Water Gardens, was voted Britain's Best Park for 2006[22]. Lister Park (also known as Manningham Park is a picturesque public park in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. Peel Park is the venue for the annual Mela — a celebration of eastern culture. And Bowling Park is the site where the annual Bradford Carnival takes place, celebrating local African and Caribbean culture.

Beauty spot Chellow Dene has two Victorian reservoirs set in pleasant woodland. A reservoir is most broadly a place or hollow vessel where Fluid is kept in Reserve, for later use To the west and north of Bradford are picturesque and atmospheric moorlands: the famous Ilkley Moor and moors above Haworth known internationally for its connection with the Brontë sisters. Ilkley Moor is the highest part of Rombalds Moor, the moorland between Ilkley and Keighley in West Yorkshire, England, United Haworth is a Village and tourist attraction in the English county of West Yorkshire, best known for its association with the Brontë sisters The Brontë sisters (ˈbrɒnte Charlotte (21 April 1816 &ndash 31 March 1855 Emily (30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848 and Anne (17 January 1820

Sport

Bradford has a long and proud history in sport, especially rugby league, football and cricket.

The city has a long rugby tradition, and Bradford Bulls (formerly Bradford Northern) are one of the most successful rugby league clubs in the world, winning the World Club Championship three times since 2002 and also seven times winners of the Rugby League Championship. The Bradford Bulls are a professional Rugby league club based in the city of Bradford, England. The Bradford Bulls are a professional Rugby league club based in the city of Bradford, England. History See also History of rugby league The grass roots of rugby league can be traced to early football history, through the playing of ball games The Rugby League Championship was the major professional competition organised by the Rugby Football League in Great Britain. The home of the Bulls is Grattan Stadium, Odsal (formerly Odsal Stadium) in the south of the city. Odsal Stadium is a stadium situated in Bradford in West Yorkshire, England. The city is also home to a number of Rugby Union clubs — Bradford and Bingley RFC (The Bees) are based to the north of the city in Bingley; Bradford Salem are based in the Heaton area and Wibsey RFC can be found in that district to the south of the city centre.

League football was introduced to West Yorkshire in Bradford, when Bradford City were formed in 1903. Bradford City Association Football Club (also known as The Bantams, and previously The Paraders) is an English football club based in Bradford Valley Parade, also known as the Coral Windows Stadium through Sponsorship rights is an All-seater football Stadium in Bradford Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The Football League, also known as the Coca-Cola Football League for sponsorship reasons is a league competition featuring professional football clubs West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of Bradford City Association Football Club (also known as The Bantams, and previously The Paraders) is an English football club based in Bradford The following are the Football (soccer events of the year 1903 throughout the world James Whyte, a sub-editor of the Bradford Observer had met with Football Association representative John Brunt in January to discuss the plans, and in May, Manningham RFC, a rugby league side decided to change codes to association football. The Football Association, also known as simply The FA, is the governing body of football in England and the Crown Dependencies of Jersey Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered ^[6] The Football League subsequently elected Bradford City to the league, with a total of 30 votes to replace Doncaster Rovers,^[7] because it saw the invitation as a chance to introduce football to the rugby-dominated county. Doncaster Rovers Football Club (or informally Donny) are an English football club based at the Keepmoat Stadium in the town of Doncaster ^[8] Just eight years after they were elected to the league, City won the FA Cup and recorded the highest league position in their history. The 1911 FA Cup Final was the 40th FA Cup final It was contested by Bradford City and Newcastle United. ^[9] The club now plays in the bottom tier of The Football League following two periods of administration,^[10][11][12] but their ground suffered one of the worst all-time sporting disasters in the world after 56 people died at Valley Parade on 11 May 1985. Football League Two (often referred to as League Two for short or Coca-Cola Football League 2 for Sponsorship reasons is the third-highest division of Administration is a procedure under the Insolvency laws of a number of Common law jurisdictions which functions as a rescue mechanism for insolvent companies This page lists accidents and disasters sorted by death toll It does not include natural disasters or death tolls caused by deliberate violence Valley Parade, also known as the Coral Windows Stadium through Sponsorship rights is an All-seater football Stadium in Bradford Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) ^[13] A second side from the city, Bradford (Park Avenue) were successful in The Football League until they dropped out of the league in 1974. Bradford Association Football Club (almost always referred to as Bradford (Park Avenue) are a football club based in Bradford, West Yorkshire The Football League, also known as the Coca-Cola Football League for sponsorship reasons is a league competition featuring professional football clubs They now play in the regional league, which means the Bradford derby has not been exercised in years. The Bradford derby is a football derby match played between Bradford City and Bradford Park Avenue. Their ground hosted county cricket for Yorkshire CCC as well as football.

Bradford was also home to the now-defunct Bradford Dukes speedway team, which raced at Odsal. The Bradford Dukes were a British Motorcycle speedway team which operated from the Odsal Stadium in Bradford from 1986 until their closure in 1997 Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to as speedway, is a Motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four anti-clockwise Speedway was staged a Greenfields Stadium in the pioneer days, when it was known as the Autodrome, and it was used for a couple of seasons in the early 1960s. Odsal opened its doors soon after the war in Europe ended in 1945 and continued in the late 1950s. It entered a team in the 1960 Provincial League then fell dormant until the 1970s when it re-opened and ran for many years. The track staged a number of big meetings including Speedway World Finals.

The Richard Dunn Sports Centre is just across the road from Grattan Stadium, Odsal. Richard Dunn (born January 19 1945) is an English boxer who unsuccessfully fought Muhammad Ali for the world heavyweight title in Odsal Stadium is a stadium situated in Bradford in West Yorkshire, England. The sports facilities at the university are also open to the public at certain times.

Local media

Newspapers

The Telegraph and Argus is Bradford's daily evening newspaper, published six days each week from Monday to Saturday. The Telegraph & Argus is the local evening Newspaper for Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It is known locally as the "T&A".

Radio

Bradford was one of the first areas of the UK to get a local commercial radio station Pennine Radio in September 1975. Today this is The Pulse of West Yorkshire and Pulse Classic Gold. The Pulse is an Independent Local Radio station broadcasting from Bradford Pulse Gold is a United Kingdom Radio station owned by UTV.It is the AM Sister station of The Pulse of West Yorkshire As of 2006 Bradford Community Broadcasting based in the city centre has broadcast on full-time Community Radio license around Bradford and the Aire Valley.

Religion

The city of Bradford and surrounding districts are home to a wealth of places of worship that contribute to the region's cultural heritage. The City of Bradford is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a Metropolitan borough and a city Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government. Cultural heritage ("national heritage" or just "heritage" is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or Society These include Sikh gurdwaras and Hindu mandirs, Jewish synagogues and Buddhist centres [23], but mostly Christian churches and Muslim mosques. A Hindu temple or Mandir ( Sanskrit: मंदिर is a house of worship for Hindus followers of Hinduism. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Due to a significant Pakistani (and to a lesser extent, Bangladeshi) population in the city, Islam has become prominent throughout the city, particularly in inner city areas such as Manningham and Girlington. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Manningham may refer to Places Manningham South Australia, a north western suburb of Adelaide the City of Manningham in Victoria As well as there being a significant Muslim population, there is also a fairly large Indian immigrant community in Bradford. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The area of Leeds Road probably has the largest Sikh population in the city, which is reflected by the number of Gurdwaras in the area. Leeds Road was a football stadium in Huddersfield, England. It operated from its construction in 1908 until the Alfred McAlpine Stadium Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. The area also has a significant number of Hindus, having the largest Hindu mandir in the North of England. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A Hindu temple or Mandir ( Sanskrit: मंदिर is a house of worship for Hindus followers of Hinduism. Furthermore there is also a small Jewish population, despite the fact that over the years many of them have tended to leave Bradford, preferring various parts of Leeds instead, particularly the area of Alwoodley and Moortown. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England Alwoodley is a suburb of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is north of Central Leeds and is one of the city's most affluent areas Moortown is a suburb of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is a Civil parish and electoral ward in the north of the city However several synagogues can still be found in the city, such as the one in Manningham. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of Manningham may refer to Places Manningham South Australia, a north western suburb of Adelaide the City of Manningham in Victoria

The district has a tradition of nonconformity which is reflected in the number of chapels erected by Congregationalists, Baptists, Methodists etc. Nonconformism is the refusal to conform to common standards conventions rules customs traditions norms or laws The city was a major centre of the House Church movement in the 1980s, and the Christian charity Christians Against Poverty was founded in the city. House church (or " home church " is an informal term for an independent assembly of Christians intentionally gathering in a home or on other grounds Christians Against Poverty (CAP is a Christian charitable company in the United Kingdom founded in Bradford, West Yorkshire by Other house churches in the city include El Shaddai International Christian Centre and the World Outreach Church. El Shaddai International Christian Centre is a group of churches led by Ramson Mumba and his wife Linda Mumba. Bradford is also home to the Abundant Life Church, a large nonconforming Church, that has around 3000 members. The Abundant Life Church is a large church based in Bradford, England.

Two carved stones, probably parts of a Saxon preaching cross, were found on the site of Bradford Cathedral. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south They indicate that Christians may have worshipped here since Paulinus of York came to the north of England in AD 627 on a mission to convert Northumbria. St Paulinus (born c 584 died 10 October 644 was the first Bishop of York and Bishop of Rochester in England See also Evangelism, Christianization A Christian mission has been widely defined since the Lausanne Congress of 1974 as that which He preached in Dewsbury and it was from there that Bradford was first evangelised. Dewsbury is a Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England. The vicars of Bradford later paid dues to that parish. A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches

Religious buildings

Bradford Cathedral

Main article: Bradford Cathedral

The most prominent Christian church in Bradford, is Bradford Cathedral, originally the Parish Church of St Peter. Bradford Cathedral ( is situated in the heart of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England, on a site used for Christian worship since the 8th century when Bradford Cathedral ( is situated in the heart of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England, on a site used for Christian worship since the 8th century when A parish church, in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a Parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches The parish of Bradford was in existence by 1283, and there was a stone church on the shelf above Bradford Beck by 1327.

The Diocese of Bradford was created from part of the Diocese of Ripon in 1919, and the church became a cathedral at that time. The Diocese of Bradford is a Church of England Diocese, covering Bradford and Craven in Yorkshire and the former Sedburgh The Diocese of Ripon and Leeds is an administrative division of the Church of England, part of the Province of York.

Mosques

Since the 1960s Bradford has had a significant Muslim population, and accordingly there are many mosques throughout the city. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Some were converted from churches or other buildings, but there are several purpose-built mosques as well. The largest of these mosques is probably Hanfia Masjid in the majority Muslim area of Manningham. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Manningham may refer to Places Manningham South Australia, a north western suburb of Adelaide the City of Manningham in Victoria Another large mosque in Bradford, would be Madni Jamia Masjid which recently won the Model Mosque (Islam Channel) award. There is ongoing construction of a mosque and college in the area of Horton Grange, for Islamic courses.

Hindu temples

There are two Hindu temples (mandirs). The Lakshmi Narayan mandir opened officially on 20 April 2008[24]. The Lakshmi Narayan Hindu Temple in Bradford opened in April 2008 becoming the largest Hindu temple (mandir in Northern England This is the largest Hindu temple in Northern England[25]. Also in Bradford is the Hindu Temple & Community Centre on Thornton Lane [26]. There are also smaller house-based mandirs, as shown in the List of Hindu Temples. Hindu Temple is called Mandir or Kovil or Devasthanam or Dega ( Nepal Bhasa) or Ambalam ( Malayalam) or other words in different Indian

Sikh temples

There is a prominent Sikh community in Bradford, with six gurdwaras (Sikh place of worship) around the city. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. The Sikh festival of Vaisakhi (Baisakhi) is also celebrated on April 14 every year, this sees Sikhs from Bradford and the surrounding area travel to each of the gurdwaras in the city in a procession called a nagar kirtan. Vaisakhi (ਵਸਾਖੀ vaisākhī, also known as Baisakhi) is an ancient Harvest festival in Punjab, which also marks beginning of Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in There are three gurdwaras in the Leeds Road area of Bradford alone, Gobind Singh Gurdwara, on Gobind Marg, being the largest of these. There is a Ramgharia Gurdwara on Bolton Road and Guru Nanak Gurdwara is on Wakefield Road.

Synagogues

The Jewish community in Bradford was strong in the middle to late 19th century, and there is a 19th century Reform synagogue in Bowland Street in the Manningham area. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently subjected to vandalism and the insertion of personal opinions A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of Manningham is an area of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, approximately a mile north of the city centre and is seen as the centre of the city's south This, "The oldest Reform synagogue outside London",^[14] was established by German Jews who had moved to Bradford for the wool trade. According to historian Shatman Kadish, "The city of Bradford was unique in that it boasted a Reform synagogue before it acquired an Orthodox one". ^[15]

Originating in Bradford

Wm Morrison Supermarkets

The birthplace of rock bands New Model Army, Anti System, Smokie, Dead Eye Decline, Southern Death Cult/The Cult, The Scene, One Minute Silence, Terrorvision, Morbid Humour, Violation, and Asian hip hop group Fun-Da-Mental. Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC ( is the fourth largest chain of Supermarkets in the United Kingdom. New Model Army are an English rock band. They have been variously classified as a punk band Post-punk, Folk rock Anti System were a British Punk rock and Anarcho-punk band active in the 1980s Smokie are an English Glam rock band from Bradford who found success in Europe in the 1970s Southern Death Cult was a Gothic rock band in the early 1980s The Cult are an English rock band which gained a dedicated following in their native Britain with mid-'80s singles like " She Sells Sanctuary " The scene (often capitalised is a term used by people belonging to various communities ( social groups) dealing with software to describe the more extensive community One Minute Silence were a four-piece band based in the United Kingdom that combined influences from metal, Hardcore punk and rap. This article is about the film For other uses of the word "Terrorvision" please visit Terrorvision (disambiguation TerrorVision is Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Fun-Da-Mental is a multi-ethnic British Islamic world fusion and ethno techno band formed in 1991

The people in this list were either born or brought up in Bradford (not necessarily both), or had a significant connection with the city later in life. Those marked with an asterisk ('*') are described in Lister, 2004. ^[27]

Notable Bradfordians

Only a few particularly notable names are listed here. See Category:People from Bradford for a fuller list

• Sir Edward Appleton — discoverer of the ionosphere and Nobel Prize winner
• The Brontë sisters, Anne, Emily*, and Charlotte* — born in Thornton on the outskirts of Bradford, but later lived in Haworth. Sir Edward Victor Appleton, GBE ( September 6, 1892 – April 21, 1965) was an English Physicist. The ionosphere is the uppermost part of the atmosphere, distinguished because it is Ionized by solar radiation The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature The Brontë sisters (ˈbrɒnte Charlotte (21 April 1816 &ndash 31 March 1855 Emily (30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848 and Anne (17 January 1820 Anne Brontë (ˈbrɒnti (17 January 1820 &ndash 28 May 1849 was a British Novelist and Poet, the youngest member of the Brontë literary family Emily Jane Brontë (ˈbrɒnti ( July 30, 1818 – December 19, 1848) was a British Novelist and Poet, now best Charlotte Brontë (ˈbrɒnti (21 April 1816 &ndash 31 March 1855 was a British Novelist, the eldest of the three famous Brontë sisters whose Novels Thornton is a village within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, in West Yorkshire, England. Haworth is a Village and tourist attraction in the English county of West Yorkshire, best known for its association with the Brontë sisters
• Frederick Delius — Composer
• W.E. Forster MP for Bradford — commemorated by statue, and is the namesake of Forster Square. Frederick Albert Theodore Delius CH (29 January 1862 &ndash 10 June 1934 was an English Composer born in Bradford in the West Riding of Yorkshire William Edward Forster, FRS ( July 11, 1818 &ndash April 6, 1886) was a British Industrialist, Philanthropist
• David Hockney — Artist
• Kimberley Walsh - Member of Girls Aloud
• Samuel Lister — Industrialist & inventor, commemorated by a statue. David Hockney, CH, RA, (born 9 July 1937 is an English Artist, based in Los Angeles California, United States Kimberley Jane Walsh (born 20 November 1981 is an English singer and member of pop group Girls Aloud. Girls Aloud are a British Girl group created by ITV1 Talent show Popstars The Rivals in 2002 Samuel Cunliffe Lister 1st Baron Masham, (born 1 January 1815 in Calverley Old Hall, Yorkshire - died 2 February 1906 in Swinton Park, Yorkshire A business magnate, sometimes referred to as a mogul, tycoon, baron, or industrialist, is a person who has reached a prominent place in An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method form device or other useful means
• Richard Oastler — social reformer; statue in Northgate
• J. B. Priestley — Writer, commemorated by a statue. Richard Oastler ( 20 December 1789 - 22 August 1861) was an English labour reformer and Abolitionist. John Boynton Priestley, OM ( 13 September, 1894 &ndash 14 August, 1984) was an English Writer and broadcaster
• Richard Whiteley — Television presenter
• Junior Witter — Boxer, former WBC World Light Welterweight champion. John Richard Whiteley, OBE DL ( 28 December 1943 – 26 June 2005) usually known as Richard Whiteley, was Junior Witter (born 10 March 1974) was a professional boxer from Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.

Transport

In past centuries Bradford's location in Bradfordale made communications difficult, except from the north. Nonetheless, Bradford is now well-served by transport systems.

Roads

Bradford was first connected to the developing turnpike network in 1734, when the first Yorkshire turnpike was built between Manchester and Leeds via Halifax and Bradford. A toll road, (also known as a tollway, turnpike, pike, or toll highway, especially if it is constructed to Freeway standards Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England Halifax is a large Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England, with a population of 82056 in the In 1740, the Selby to Halifax road was constructed through Leeds and Bradford. Selby is a town and Civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Halifax is a large Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England, with a population of 82056 in the Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England Several more local and long-distance roads were built through the rest of the century.

Today Bradford lies on several trunk roads:

• The A650 between Wakefield and Keighley
• The A647 to Leeds
• The A658 to Harrogate
• The A6036 to Halifax

The M606, a spur off the M62 motorway, connects Bradford with the national motorway network. A trunk road, trunk highway, or strategic road is a major Road &mdashusually connecting two or more cities, Ports Airports List of A roads beginning with 6 in Great Britain starting east of the A6 and A7 roads and west of the A1. Wakefield lies at the heart of the City of Wakefield, a Metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. Keighley ( IPA /ˈkiːθli/ "Keeth-ly" is a town and Civil parish within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford in The A647 is an A road in West Yorkshire, England that begins in Leeds and ends in Halifax. Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England The A658 is a road in the UK running from Bradford, West Yorkshire to Knaresborough, North Yorkshire passing along the way Harrogate (or Harrogate Spa) is a large wealthy Spa town in North Yorkshire, England. List of A roads beginning with 6 in Great Britain starting east of the A6 and A7 roads and west of the A1. Halifax is a large Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England, with a population of 82056 in the The M606 Bradford Spur motorway in England leaves the M62 motorway at junction 26 near Cleckheaton, and heads into Bradford, to join the The M62 motorway is a west&ndasheast trans-Pennine Motorway in northern England, connecting the cities of Liverpool and Hull Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation Although it was originally planned to go directly into the city centre, this has never been built and is unlikely now ever to be, as a hotel has been built across the proposed route.

Buses and trams

Bradford's tram system was begun by Bradford Corporation in 1882: at first the vehicles were horse-drawn. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train The City of Bradford is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a Metropolitan borough and a city A horsecar was an animal-powered Streetcar or Tram. The first passenger services in the world were started by the Oystermouth Railway in They were replaced by steam-driven trams in 1883, and by electric ones in 1898. A steam engine is a Heat engine that performs Mechanical work using Steam as its Working fluid. The Electric Vehicle was an American Automobile manufactured only in 1899

On 20 June, 1911, Britain's first trolleybus service opened in Bradford, between Laisterdyke and Dudley Hill. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. It was often known as the trackless, in contradistinction to trams. The last trolleybus service in Bradford — and indeed in Britain — ceased operation on 26 March, 1972. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. The Bradford Trolleybus Association bought some of Bradford's trolleybuses but later sold them off to private owners most can now be found at the Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft.

First Bradford are now the main operator of most routes in Bradford, and are part of the First Group. First Bradford is one of the bus companies serving the area of West Yorkshire, England. FirstGroup plc ( is a Scottish Transport company operating in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Canada, USA Some routes that include Manchester Road use guided buses. Guided buses are Buses steered for part or all of their route by external means usually on a dedicated track.

Canal

The Bradford Canal was a four-mile long spur off the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Shipley. The Bradford Canal ran three and half miles through 10 locks from the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Shipley into the centre of Bradford. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal is a Canal in the north of England, linking the cities of Leeds and Liverpool. Shipley is a Town in West Yorkshire, England, by the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, north of Bradford It was planned and built as part of the original Leeds and Liverpool project, to connect Bradford with the limestone quarries of north Yorkshire, the industrial towns on both sides of the Pennines and the ports on each coast. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 A quarry is a type of open-pit mine from which rock or Minerals are extracted North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county in The Pennines are a low-rising Mountain range in Northern England and southern Scotland. It opened in 1774, closed in 1866, reopened in 1871, and finally closed in 1922. There are plans to rebuild the canal as a key part of regenerating the city centre (see the main article). The Bradford Canal ran three and half miles through 10 locks from the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Shipley into the centre of Bradford.

Railways

The Leeds and Bradford Railway opened Bradford's first railway station at the bottom of Kirkgate on 1 July 1846. The Leeds and Bradford Railway (L&BR was formed in 1843 to bring the railway to Bradford: the line opened on 1 July, 1846. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display It offered a service via Shipley to Leeds and through Leeds to other centres, including London. Shipley is a Town in West Yorkshire, England, by the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, north of Bradford Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The line was soon absorbed by the Midland Railway, and the station was rebuilt in the early 1850s and again, much larger, in 1890. The Midland Railway (MR was a Railway company in the United Kingdom, which existed from 1844 to 1922 when it became part of the London Midland and Scottish Today it is a smaller railway station dating from 1990, called Forster Square railway station though it is somewhat distant from the site of its predecessors, and from Forster Square itself. Bradford Forster Square Station is a Railway station in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. Modern electric trains connect directly to Leeds, Ilkley and Skipton. Leeds railway station (often known by its official name Leeds City) is the mainline railway station serving the city centre of Leeds in West Yorkshire, Ilkley railway station is a Railway station in Ilkley, in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. Skipton railway station serves the town of Skipton in North Yorkshire, England on the Airedale Line. There is currently a 4 times daily National Express East Coast service linking Bradford with London King's Cross. National Express East Coast is the name under which the Train operating company NXEC Trains Ltd operates the InterCity East Coast rail franchise which King's Cross station is a major railway terminus opened in 1852 A new company Grand Central Railway is proposing to significantly increase this London connection, with additional fast trains via Doncaster/East Coast Mainline and via Manchester/West Coast Mainline. Background Grand Central operate three return trips per day between the north-east of England and the capital city London along the East Coast Main Line

The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway opened its station at Drake Street on 9 May 1850, on its line between Manchester and Leeds. The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR was a major British railway company before the 1923 Grouping. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England The Great Northern Railway opened a third terminus at Adolphus Street in 1854, serving Leeds and other places on its network, but the station was too far from the centre, and the two companies eventually agreed to build a joint station to replace the L&Y's station at Drake Street. The Great Northern Railway (GNR was a British railway company established by the London & York Railway Act of 1846 |}A train station, railway station, railroad station, or station yard is a facility at which Passengers may board and alight from Trains Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England This was Bradford Exchange railway station, opened in 1867^[16]: Adolphus Street remained as a goods terminal. The Exchange Station was completely rebuilt in 1880, with ten platforms; but by 1973 it was too large and again was rebuilt on a different site. In 1983 that station was renamed Bradford Interchange when a large bus station was built alongside. Bradford Interchange railway station connects directly to Leeds, to Manchester Victoria and to Blackpool. Bradford Interchange is a combined railway coach and bus station in Bradford, England. Leeds railway station (often known by its official name Leeds City) is the mainline railway station serving the city centre of Leeds in West Yorkshire, Manchester Victoria station is the second of Manchester 's mainline railway stations Blackpool North railway station is the terminus of the main Blackpool branch line from Preston, in Lancashire, England.

Both stations are under the control of the West Yorkshire Metro as part of the Leeds-Bradford Line routes. The West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (WYPTE is the Passenger Transport Executive for the county of West Yorkshire, England. The Leeds-Bradford Lines services are those included in the West Yorkshire Metro area system of Lines

From the 1870s, the Great Northern built several suburban railway lines around Bradford:

• from Laisterdyke via Idle to Shipley and Windhill
• from Exchange to Queensbury, and thence to Keighley and Halifax,
• from Low Moor to Dudley Hill, thence to the Pudsey loop, and to Dewsbury. The Great Northern Railway (GNR was a British railway company established by the London & York Railway Act of 1846 Shipley and Windhill Station was a railway station in Shipley West Yorkshire, between 1875 and 1931 Keighley railway station serves the town of Keighley in West Yorkshire, England. Halifax railway station serves the Town of Halifax in West Yorkshire, England. Low Moor railway station was a station situated between Bradford Interchange and Halifax on the Caldervale Line, located close to Low Moor, an Pudsey is a Market town and Suburb of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England, between Bradford and Leeds Dewsbury railway station serves the town of Dewsbury in West Yorkshire, England

These all closed at various times between the 1930s and the 1960s.

There have been many schemes to build a link between Bradford's main railway terminals, but none has ever come near fruition, and indeed the recent Bradford Masterplan for the city centre regeneration has not addressed this (when asked, the writer of the masterplan admitted to not even considering it). The main practical difficulty is the great difference in elevation: the Exchange/Interchange station is already at the bottom of a long slope, steep by railway standards, but it is many feet higher than Forster Square Station. Bradford Interchange is a combined railway coach and bus station in Bradford, England. Bradford Forster Square Station is a Railway station in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. Some bus services, such as the MetroConnect services to Leeds Bradford Airport, call at both stations, and a free bus service funded by Bradford Council and Metro is due to be trialled in the near future^[17]. Leeds Bradford International Airport is located in the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England.

Airport

• The city is served by Leeds Bradford International Airport, 6 miles to the north east of the city. Leeds Bradford International Airport is located in the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. Bradford and Leeds councils jointly opened the airport in 1931 as Yeadon Aerodrome. There has been rapid expansion in recent years and direct flights are now available to over 70 destinations (October 2006). Around 3 million passengers used the airport in 2006. It is the home base of economy Airline Jet2.com, voted Best European Short Haul Airline 2006. Jet2com is a British low-cost airline based in Leeds, England. In May 2007 the joint councils sold the airport to Bridgepoint Capital for £145. Bridgepoint is a pan-European private equity investor in companies valued up to €1 billion including Pets at Home in the UK Dorna in Spain and A-Katsastus 5 m. Bridgepoint announced that a further £70 m would be invested in airport improvements, to boost passenger figures to over 7 million by 2015. ^[18] The airport has recently announced a new long-haul route to Islamabad using wide-bodied Airbus A310 aircraft, it is hoped this spurs on new routes from the airport. |name = Islamabad|native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Capital City |total_type Airbus SAS (ˈɛərbʌs in English, Airbus2ogg|/ɛʁbys/]] in French, and /ˈɛːɐbʊs/ in German) is an aircraft manufacturing

In popular culture

In the BBC political satire The Amazing Mrs Pritchard, the Prime Minister considers a proposal to move Parliament to Bradford, as it is closer to the geographic centre of the country than London. The Amazing Mrs Pritchard is a British Drama series that aired on BBC One in 2006 London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

The Buttershaw area of the city featured in the 1986 film Rita, Sue and Bob Too, in which two 16-year-old girls were involved in a love triangle with a wealthy married man (played by George Costigan). Buttershaw is a residential area of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. Rita Sue and Bob Too is a 1986 British film directed by Alan Clarke about two West Yorkshire schoolgirls who have a sexual fling George Costigan (born 1947 is a British actor Early life Costigan was born in Portsmouth and grew up in Irlams o' th' Height and The film was created by Andrea Dunbar, who died four years after it was made. Andrea Dunbar (1961-1990 was a British playwright best known for Rita Sue and Bob Too, an autobiographical drama about the sexual adventures of teenage girls living It was initially unpopular with local residents due to its negative image of the area, but has since earned itself a good reputation in the local community as Buttershaw's claim to fame.

Bradford features in the 1983 film Monty Python's The Meaning of Life with footage filmed in Lister Park. Monty Python's The Meaning of Life is a 1983 musical Comedy film by the Monty Python comedy team Lister Park (also known as Manningham Park is a picturesque public park in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. ^[19]

Bradford is the home to the hosts of Yog Radio[28], a podcast devoted to the Call of Cthulhu (role-playing game), the Cthulhu Mythos, and the writings of H. P. Lovecraft. Call of Cthulhu is a Horror fiction Role-playing game based on H The Cthulhu Mythos is a Shared universe created in the 1920s by American horror writer H Howard Phillips Lovecraft ( August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author of horror, fantasy

See also

• Bradford Riots
• Bradford fire

References

• ^  Allen, C (2003). The Bradford Riots were a short but intense period of Rioting which began on July 7, 2001, in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England Fair justice: the Bradford disturbances, the sentencing and the impact. London: Forum Against Islamophobia and Racism.  
• ^ Lister, Derek A J (2004). Bradford's Own. Sutton. ISBN 0-7509-3826-9.  
• ^  Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 County Series Map: Yorkshire Sheet 216. Heritage Cartography. ISBN 1-903004-34-9.  . This was surveyed 1847-1850, and published in 1852, though it was reprinted at various dates with certain (unidentified) details updated. The modern edition from Heritage Cartography is 'redrawn' from the original, and titled Bradford 1849, but the railways shown indicate that it is from a printing of at least 1854.

Bibliography

• ^  Firth, Gary (1997). A History of Bradford. Phillimore. ISBN 1-86077-057-6.  
• Wilmott, Elvira (1987). The Ryburn Map of Victorian Bradford. Ryburn. ISBN 1-85331-004-2.   The map itself is a reproduction of the Plan of the Town of Bradford . . . revised and corrected to the present time by Dixon & Hindle, 1871.

External links

• City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council
• Visit Bradford, England; Official Bradford Tourism & Travel Website
• Wikitravel Bradford
• MapsAndStats.com: Maps and statistics Bradford Metropolitan District
• Concise guide to Bradford

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