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Braşov
Old Braşov viewed from the top of the Tâmpa Mountain
Old Braşov viewed from the top of the Tâmpa Mountain
Flag of Braşov
Flag		 Coat of arms of Braşov
Coat of arms
Location of Braşov
Location of Braşov
Coordinates: 45°40′N 25°37′E / 45.667, 25.617
Country Flag of Romania Romania
County Braşov County
Status County capital
Government
 - Mayor George Scripcaru (Democratic Party)
Area
 - County capital 267. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania List of counties See also List of Romanian Counties by Population The Judeţe (translated in English as "counties" are administrative Romania 's administration is relatively centralised and administrative subdivisions are therefore fairly simplified A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The Democratic Party ( Romanian: Partidul Democrat, PD was a centre-right party of Romania. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 2 km² (103. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 2 sq mi)
Elevation 600 m (1,969 ft)
Population (2002)[1]
 - County capital 284,596
 - Density 1,065/km² (2,758. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3/sq mi)
 - Metro 400,000
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Website: http://www.brasovcity.ro

Braşov (pronounced [braˈʃov]; Hungarian: Brassó; German: Kronstadt; Medieval Latin: Brassovia or Corona) is a city in Romania and the capital of Braşov County, with a population of 284,596, according to the 2002 census, is the 7th largest Romanian city, after Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timişoara, Iaşi, Craiova and Galaţi. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange and as the Liturgical language of the medieval Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Braşov ((bra'ʃov Hungarian: Brassó) is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Braşov Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. (pronunciation in Romanian: /'kluʒ na'poka/ Klausenburg Kolozsvár Napoca Castrum Clus Claudiopolis קלויזנבורג Kloiznburg until 1974 Cluj, is the third Timişoara (pronunciation in Romanian: {{IPA|/timiˈʃo̯ara/}}; Hungarian: Temesvár, German: Temeschburg, Temeswar Iaşi (pronunciation in Romanian: /jaʃʲ/ or Jassy, is a city and municipality in north-eastern Romania. Craiova (kraˈjova the fifth largest Romanian city and capital of Dolj County, is situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Galaţi (gaˈlaʦʲ Kalas Galatz Gałacz is a city in eastern Romania ( Moldavia) the capital city of Galaţi County on the banks of the Danube People from Braşov are known, in English, as Braşovian.

Braşov is located in the central part of the country, about 166 km from Bucharest. Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. It is surrounded by the Southern Carpathians, and is part of the Transylvania region. The Southern Carpathians (Carpaţii Meridionali also called the Transylvanian Alps, are a group of Mountain ranges which divide central and southern Romania Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian

The city is notable for hosting the Golden Stag (Cerbul de Aur) international music festival.

Contents

Etymology

The city was first atested in the 13th century under the name Corona. The current Romanian and Hungarian names are derived from the Pecheneg word, barasu, meaning "fortress". Pecheneg language is the extinct Turkic language spoken by the Pechenegs in Eastern Europe On Tâmpa Mountain, located on the southern side of the city, there was a citadel called Brassovia, which gave both the Romanian and the Hungarian name of the city. Tâmpa ( German: Zinne, or Kapellenberg; Hungarian: Cenk; Latin: Mons Cinum) is a mountain part of the

The first attested mention of Braşov is Terra Saxonum de Barasu ("Saxon Land of Baras"), in a 1252 document. The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbürger Sachsen Erdélyi szászok Saşi are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (Siebenbürgen from the 12th The German name Kronstadt means "Crown City", and is reflected in the city's coat of arms, as well as in its Medieval Latin name, Corona. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people The three names of the city (Braşov/Brassó, Kronstadt, and Corona) were used simultaneously in the Middle Ages.

From 1950 to 1960, during part of the Communist period in Romania, the city was called Oraşul Stalin, after the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. During the twentieth century a number of places in Romania had their names changed for various reasons The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party [2]

Population

The municipality of Braşov has a total population of 284,596. Its ethnic composition includes:

In 2005, the Braşov metropolitan area was created. Braşov metropolitan area is a region in Braşov County, Romania, that includes the municipality of Braşov and 12 other nearby communities With its surrounding localities, it is estimated to have 350,000-400,000 inhabitants.

History

The oldest traces of human activity and settlements in Braşov date back to the Neolithic. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos Archaeologists, working from the last half of the 19th century, discovered continuous traces of human settlements in areas situated in Braşov: Valea Cetăţii, Pietrele lui Solomon, Şprenghi, Tâmpa, Dealul Melcilor, and Noua. The first three locations shows traces of Dacian citadels; Şprenghi Hill housed a Roman-style construction. The Dacians ( Lat Daci, Gr Dákai) were a Thracian people the ancient inhabitants of Dacia (located in the area The Roman province of Dacia on the Balkans included the modern Romanian regions of Transylvania, Banat and Oltenia, and temporarily The last two locations had their names applied to Bronze Age cultures — Schneckenberg and Noua. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for

German colonists known as the Transylvanian Saxons played a decisive role in Braşov's development. The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbürger Sachsen Erdélyi szászok Saşi are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (Siebenbürgen from the 12th These Germans were invited by King Géza II of Hungary to develop towns, build mines, and cultivate the land of Transylvania at different stages between 1141 and 1162. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Géza II ( Hungarian: II Géza, Croatian: Gejza I, Slovak: Gejza II) (1130 Tolna &ndash 31 May Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian The settlers came primarily from the Rhineland, Flanders, and the Moselle region, with others from Thuringia, Bavaria, Wallonia, and even France. The Rhineland ( Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Moselle is a ''département'' in the east of France named after the Moselle River. The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen is located in central Germany. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Wallonia, or Wallonie, (Wallonie Wallonien Wallonië Waloneye is the Meridional part of Belgium belonging to the Romance linguistic field This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

In 1211, by order of King Andrew II of Hungary, the Teutonic Knights fortified the Burzenland to defend the border of the Kingdom of Hungary. Andrew II the Jerosolimitan ( Hungarian: Jeruzsálemi II András/Endre, Croatian: Andrija I The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. The Burzenland ( Barcaság Ţara Bârsei is a historic and ethnographic area in southeastern Transylvania, Romania with a mixed population ( German The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 Although the crusaders were evicted by 1225, the colonists they brought in remained, as did three distinct settlements they founded on the site of Braşov:

Germans living in Braşov were mainly involved in trade and crafts. The location of the city at the intersection of trade routes linking the Ottoman Empire and Western Europe, together with certain tax exemptions, allowed Saxon merchants to obtain considerable wealth and exert a strong political influence. They contributed a great deal to the architectural flavor of the city. Fortifications around the city were erected and continually expanded, with several towers maintained by different craftsmen's guilds, according to medieval custom. Part of the fortification ensemble was recently restored using UNESCO funds, and other projects are ongoing. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 At least two entrances to the city, Poarta Ecaterinei (or Ekaterinentor) and Poarta Şchei are still in existence. The city center is marked by the mayor's former office building (Casa Sfatului) and the surrounding square (piaţa), which includes one of the oldest buildings in Braşov, the Hirscher Haus, owned by a wealthy merchant. Nearby is the "Black Church" (Biserica Neagră), which some claim to be the largest Gothic style church in South-Eastern Europe. "Black Church" redirects here For predominantly African American Christian churches see Black church. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period.

Once Braşov became a German colony, Romanians were denied several privileges by the new German settlers. They were no longer recognized as citizens of the city, and as such they were no longer able to continue to practice their crafts and operate their businesses. Additionally, their religion (Orthodox) was not officially recognized throughout Transylvania, especially during and after the 15th century. Most turned to shepherding and smuggling as a result, ventures which still returned considerable wealth - allowing them to build the very first community stone church in Transylvania, to establish the first Romanian printing press in Transylvania (1558), and later to establish a library. Smuggling, also known as trafficking, is the clandestine transportation of goods or persons past a point where prohibited such as out of a building into a Prison A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium (such as paper or cloth thereby transferring an image A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution The German burghers still relied on Romanian speakers from within the community in their dealings with the Hospodars of Wallachia and Moldavia, and occasionally with the Ottoman Empire. Hospodar or gospodar is a term of Slavonic origin meaning "lord" or "master" This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish

The cultural and religious importance of the Romanian church and school in Şchei is underlined by the generous donations received from more than thirty hospodars of Moldavia and Wallachia, as well as that from Elizabeth of Russia. Yelizaveta Petrovna (Елизаве́та (Елисаве́т Петро́вна (December 29 1709 – January 5 1762 (New Style December 18 1709 – December 25 1761 ( In the 17th and 19th centuries, the Romanians in Şchei campaigned for national, political, and cultural rights, and were supported in their efforts by Romanians from all other provinces, as well as by the local Greek merchant community. In 1838 they established the first Romanian language newspaper, Gazeta Transilvaniei and the first Romanian institutions of higher education (Şcolile Centrale Greco-Ortodoxe - "The Greek-Orthodox Central Schools", today named after Andrei Şaguna). Gazeta de Transilvania was the first Romanian-language newspaper to be published in Transylvania. Andrei Şaguna ( 20 January 1809, Miskolc, Hungary &mdash 28 June 1873, Sibiu) was a Metropolitan bishop The Holy Roman Emperor and sovereign of Transylvania Joseph II awarded Romanians citizenship rights for a brief period during the latter decades of the 18th century. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Heir and co-regent Joseph was born in the midst of the early upheavals of the War of the Austrian Succession.

In 1850 the town had 21,782 inhabitants: 8,874 (40. For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link 7%) Germans, 8,727 (40%) Romanians, 2,939 (13. 4%) Hungarians. [3]

In 1918, when Transylvania became part of Romania, organizations of the German minority from Transylvania declared their allegiance to the new Romanian state. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The inter-war period saw a flourishing of economic and cultural life in general, which included the Saxons in Braşov as well. However, at the end of World War II many ethnic Germans were forcibly deported to the Soviet Union (see Communist Romania), and subsequently many more emigrated to West Germany after Romania became a communist country. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (

Jews have lived in Braşov since 1807, when Aron Ben Jehuda was given permission to live in the city, a privilege until then granted only to Saxons. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Jewish Community of Braşov was officially founded 19 years later, followed by the first Jewish school in 1864, and the building of the synagogue in 1901. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of The Jewish population of Braşov was 67 in 1850, but it expanded rapidly to 1,280 people in 1910, and 4,000 in 1940. Today the community has about 230 members, after many families left for Israel between World War II and 1989. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.

Like many other cities in Transylvania, Braşov is also home for a significant ethnic Hungarian minority. The Hungarian minority of Romania is the largest ethnic minority in Romania consisting of 1434377 people and making up 6

During the communist period, industrial development was vastly accelerated. Under Nicolae Ceauşescu's rule, the city was the site of the 1987 Braşov strike. Nicolae Ceauşescu (nikoˈlaje tʃauˈʃesku (January 26 1918 – December 25 1989 was the communist dictator of Romania from 1965 until December 1989 when a revolution The 1987 Rebellion of Braşov was a revolt against Nicolae Ceauşescu 's economic policies in Communist Romania. This was repressed by the authorities and resulted in numerous workers being imprisoned.

Economy

Industrial development in Braşov started in the inter-war period, with one of the largest factories being the airplane-manufacturing plant (IAR Braşov), which produced the first Romanian fighter planes, which were used in World War II against the Soviets. Industria Aeronautică Română (IAR (now IAR SA Brasov) is a Romanian Aerospace manufacturer founded in 1925 After Communist rule was imposed, this plant was converted to manufacture of agricultural equipment, being renamed «Uzina Tractorul Braşov» (internationally known as Universal Tractor Braşov).

Industrialization was accelerated in the Communist era, with special emphasis being placed on heavy industry, attracting many workers from other parts of the country. Heavy industry is still abundant, including Roman, which manufactures MAN AG trucks under licence, as well as native-designed trucks and coaches. Autocamioane Roman is a Romanian truck manufacturer that was established after World War II on the foundation of the old ROMLOC automotive factory built MAN AG is a German engineering Company based in Munich. MAN is one of Europe's leading manufacturers of engineering equipment Although the industrial base has been in decline in recent years, Braşov is still a site for manufacturing agricultural tractors and machinery, hydraulic transmissions, auto parts, ball-bearings, helicopters (at the nearby IAR site in Ghimbav), building materials, tools, furniture, textiles, shoes and cosmetics. Ghimbav (Weidenbach Vidombák is a town in Braşov County, Transylvania, central Romania. There are also chocolate factories and a large brewery. In particular, the pharmaceutical industry has undergone further development lately, with GlaxoSmithKline establishing a production site in Braşov. GlaxoSmithKline plc () is a United Kingdom -based pharmaceutical, biological and Healthcare Company.

A large longwave broadcasting facility is located near Braşov, at Bod. The longwave Radio band is a range of frequencies used for AM broadcasting, which extends from 148 The Bod Transmitter (also known as the Braşov Transmitter is the name of the transmitter facility for the central Longwave Radio station of Romania.

Significant growth in realestate prices continues, along with other Major Romanian cities as investor sentiment remains high, given the large FDI influx, recent accession to the EU & forthcoming airport. On a par with Poland, Romania, & in particular, Cities like Brasov are predicted to exhibit strong growth for many years to come. Many foreign investors are sourcing their own land, or engaging local firms to create holiday or investment property.

Transportation

The Braşov local transport network is well-developed, with around 50 bus and trolleybus lines. There is also a regular bus line serving Poiana Braşov, a nearby winter resort. Poiana Braşov Brassópojána is the most popular Romanian Ski resort and an important touristic center preferred by many tourists not only from Romania but also Until 2006, there were also four night lines that connected the outskirts to city center. Between 1987 and 2006, there has been also a tram line, however it was discontinued because it became inefficient. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train

The construction of Braşov Airport[4] was inaugurated by Intelcan Canada on April 15 2008. Braşov-Ghimbav International Airport is an airport currently under construction in Ghimbav, near Braşov, Romania right by the future A3 motorway Construction is planned to be finalized in 24 to 30 months . The project consists of a terminal capable of handling 1 million passengers per year and a 2,800 meter-long runway. The A3 highway is also planned to pass right by the city's edge.

Tourism

Centrally located Braşov is a good starting point for trips around Romania. The city is situated at fairly equal distances from several tourism destinations in the country: the Black Sea resorts, the monasteries in northern Moldavia, and the well-preserved wooden churches of Maramureş. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Maramureş (in Romanian; Hungarian: Máramaros; Latin: Marmatia; Мармарощина / Marmaroshchyna, Мараморщина It is also the largest city in a mountain resorts area. The old city itself is very well preserved, and is best seen by taking the cable-car to the top of Tâmpa Mountain (995 m), a beautiful lookout.

Temperatures from May to September fluctuate around 23°C / 75°F. Braşov benefits from a winter tourism season centered on winter sports and other activities.

Sights

Brasov from above in winter
Brasov from above in winter

Twin cities

Sport

Braşov will be host to the Group A fixtures of the 2008 IIHF World Championship Division II. Râşnov (also spelled Rîşnov, 'rɨʃnov Rosenau Barcarozsnyó is a town in Braşov County, Romania with a population of under 16000 Prejmer (Tartlau Prázsmár is a town in Braşov County, Romania. Musashino may refer to Musashino Terrace Musashino_Tokyo For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Rishon LeZion (רִאשׁוֹן לְצִיּוֹן lit First to Zion is the fourth-largest city in Israel, located along the central Israeli For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Tampere ( ˈtɑmpɛrɛ Swedish: Tammerfors or) is a city in southern Finland located between two lakes Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Győr (ˈɟøːr, known under alternative names) is the most important city of northwest Hungary, the capital of Győr-Moson-Sopron county and lies Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state The United States of America —commonly referred to as the FC Braşov is a professional football club based in the city of Braşov, Romania. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Forex Braşov is a football team from Braşov County, Romania founded in 2003. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Rulmentul Braşov is a Romanian women's Handball club They are currently the holders of the Women's EHF Challenge Cup. Handball (also known as team handball, European handball, or Olympic handball) is a Team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Rugby football (usually just " rugby " may refer to a number of sports through history descended from a common form of Football developed at Rugby School Bridge Club Braşov is a bridge club based in the city of Braşov, Romania. Contract bridge, usually known simply as bridge, is a trick-taking Card game of skill and chance (the relative proportions depending The 2008 IIHF World Championship Division II was an international Ice hockey tournament run by the International Ice Hockey Federation. There will be 15 games held between April 3rd and April 13th in the Brasov Arena. Braşov Arena is a Football (soccer Stadium that will be built in Braşov, Romania.

See also

Gallery

Braşov at Night

Braşov seen from Tâmpa Mountain

From the hoter towards the Tâmpa Mountain

Braşov Council Square (Piaţa Sfatului)

Braşov Main Square

Council of Braşov County

The Black Church

IAR Factory 1940

Braşov Council Building

Braşov Council Building at night

Braşov Council Square

The Black Church

Braşov From The White Tower

Braşov Council Square(at night)

The Black Church (from Warthe Hill)

Ecaterina Gate (buit in 1559)

Saint Nicholas Church

Council Square (from Warthe Hill)

Biserica Neagrǎ (from Warthe Hill)

Braşov City Wall

Watchtower/fortification

Bran Castle

View of Braşov from the Piatra Mare Mountain

References

External links

Notes

  1. ^ National Institute of Statistics, Population of counties, municipalities and towns, July 1, 2004
  2. ^ Brasov | Travel To Romania
  3. ^ Erdély etnikai és felekezeti statisztikája
  4. ^ Website of the Braşov Airport
The National Institute of Statistics (Institutul Naţional de Statistică is a Romanian government agency which is responsible for collecting national Statistics, "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
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