Bournville
The shops around The Green
Bournville shown within the West Midlands
Metropolitan borough	Birmingham
Metropolitan county	West Midlands
Region	West Midlands
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	BIRMINGHAM
Postcode district	B30
Dialling code	0121
Police	West Midlands
Fire	West Midlands
Ambulance	West Midlands
European Parliament	West Midlands
List of places: UK • England • West Midlands

Coordinates: 52°25′48″N 1°56′08″W / 52.4299, -1.9355

Bournville is a model village on the south side of Birmingham, England, best known for its connections with the Cadbury family and chocolate - including a dark chocolate bar branded "Bournville". The West Midlands is a Metropolitan county in western central England with a population of 2591300 The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London The West Midlands is a Metropolitan county in western central England with a population of 2591300 The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one The West Midlands is an official Region of England, covering the western half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The B postcode area, also known as the Birmingham postcode area, provides postcodes for the boroughs of Birmingham, Solihull and Sandwell The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. West Midlands Police is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the Metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The West Midlands Fire Service (WMFS is the Statutory fire and rescue service responsible for fire protection prevention intervention and emergency rescue The West Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust (WMAS is the second-largest ambulance service in the UK West Midlands is a Constituency of the European Parliament. It currently elects 7 MEPs using the D'Hondt method of Party-list proportional A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a list of cities, Towns Villages and other settlements in the ceremonial county &ndash not the region &ndash A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Model villages were created in the United Kingdom by some of the first Industrialists Eighteenth-century industrialists such as Arkwright and Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Chocolate ( pronounced or /-ˈələt/ comprises a number of raw and processed foods that are produced from the seed of the tropical Cacao tree It is also a ward within the council constituency of Selly Oak and home to a campus of the Birmingham Institute of Art and Design. In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district Birmingham shown within For the Selly Oak Parliamentary constituency see Birmingham Selly Oak (UK Parliament constituency. BirminghamBIADFineArtMargaretStreetjpg|thumb|The Fine Art Department on Margaret Street formerly the Birmingham School of Art]] The Birmingham Institute of Art and Design Research by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation has claimed that it is "one of the nicest places to live in Britain". The Joseph Rowntree Foundation is a British social policy research and development charity seeking to better understand the causes of social difficulties such as poverty and housing ^[1]

History

Originally Bournville consisted of a scattering of farmsteads and cottages linked by winding country lanes, the only visual highlight being the Georgian built Bournbrook Hall. Georgian architecture is the name given in most English -speaking countries to the set of Architectural styles current between 1720 and 1840

The bluebell glades of Stocks Wood were said to be a relic of the Forest of Arden and there are Roman remains nearby. A bluebell wood is a wood that in spring-time has a carpet of bluebells underneath a newly forming Leaf Canopy. Arden is an area mainly located in Warwickshire, England, traditionally regarded as stretching from the River Avon to the River Tame. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial

The packing room at Bournville, circa 1903.

Cadbury

In 1879, George and Richard Cadbury moved their cocoa and chocolate factory from Bridge Street in central Birmingham to a greenfield site beside Bournbrook Hall, four miles (6 km) to the south. George Cadbury ( 19 September 1839 &ndash 24 October 1922) was the third son of Quaker John Cadbury, who founded Cadbury's Richard Cadbury (1835 - 1899 was the second son of Quaker John Cadbury, the founder of Cadbury's cocoa and chocolate company Cocoa is the dried and fully fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree from which Chocolate is made The location was chosen as it was regarded as cleaner, healthier and more amenable to longer-term expansion plans. Although rural, it was also already serviced by Bournville railway station and a canal. Bournville railway station serves the Bournville area of Birmingham, England. Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways

The Cadburys named the area 'Bournville' after the Bourn Brook (now known as The Bourn); with 'ville' being French for 'town', this set Bournville apart from the local area (some people wrongly believe Bournville was originally known as Bournbrook - Bournbrook exists to the north of Bournville). Bourn Brook is a common name for small rivers reflected in a number of place names Bournbrook is an area in south-west Birmingham, England. The area is in the Selly Oak local council ward and also comes under the The Cadburys began to develop their factory in the new suburb. Loyal and hard-working workers were treated with great respect and relatively high wages and good working conditions; Cadbury also pioneered pension schemes, joint works committees and a full staff medical service. A pension is a steady income given to a person upon Retirement, typically in the form of a guaranteed annuity.

In 1893 George Cadbury bought 120 acres (0. 5 km²) of land close to the works and planned, at his own expense, a model village which would 'alleviate the evils of modern more cramped living conditions'. Model villages were created in the United Kingdom by some of the first Industrialists Eighteenth-century industrialists such as Arkwright and By 1900 the estate included 313 cottages and houses set on 330 acres (1. 3 km²) of land. These almost 'Arts and crafts' houses were traditional in design but with large gardens and modern interiors, and were designed by the resident architect William Alexander Harvey. Arts and crafts comprise a whole host of activities and hobbies that are related to making things with one's own hands and skill An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction William Alexander Harvey (1874-1951 was an English Architect. These designs became a blueprint for many other model village estates around Britain. It is also noteworthy that, because George Cadbury was a Quaker, no public houses have ever been built in Bournville, although since the late 1940s there has been a licenced members bar at Rowheath Pavilion.

The Cadburys were particularly concerned with the health and fitness of their workforce, incorporating park and recreation areas into the Bournville village plans, and encouraging swimming, walking and indeed all forms of outdoor sports. Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance Walking (also called ambulation) is the main form of Animal Locomotion on land, distinguished from Running and crawling In the early 1920s extensive open lands were purchased at Rowheath and laid to soccer and hockey pitches together with a grassed running track. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Hockey is any of a family of Sports in which two teams compete by trying to maneuver a Ball, or a hard round rubber or heavy plastic disc called a puck Rowheath Pavilion was designed and built in accordance with the instructions of George Cadbury, and opened in July 1924. At that time it served as the clubhouse and changing rooms for the acres of sports playing fields, several bowling greens, a fishing lake and an outdoor swimming Lido, a natural mineral spring forming the source for the lido's healthy waters. The Rowheath Pavilion itself, which still exists, was used for balls and dinners, and the whole area was specifically for the benefit of the Cadbury workers and their families with no charges for the use of any of the sporting facilities by Cadbury employees or their families. The lido was eventually closed in the 1970s after complaints of noise disturbance were made by residents of the newly built Oak Farm estate, coupled with new and stringent health and safety regulations relating to outdoor public swimming facilities. Cadbury's also built the Bournville indoor swimming baths on Bournville Lane, the Valley pool boating lake and the picturesque cricket pitch adjacent to the factory site, that was made famous as the picture on boxes of Milk Tray chocolates throughout the 1950s and 1960s.

Bournville Rest House was built to celebrate the Silver Wedding Anniversary of George and Elizabeth Cadbury, and was paid for by the employees of Cadbury Brothers Ltd. The design is by William Alexander Harvey, who was architect of many of the buildings on the estate and is based on the 17th century Yarn Market in Dunster, Somerset. William Alexander Harvey (1874-1951 was an English Architect. Dunster is a village in west Somerset, England, situated on the Bristol Channel coast 2 Somerset ( or) is a county in south west England The County town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county Currently, the building houses the Visitors Centre for the Carillon. A carillon (/kaʁijɔ̃/ /ˈkærɪljɒn/ or /kəˈrɪljən/ is a Musical instrument consisting of at least 23 cast bronze cup-shaped bells which are played

In 1900, the Bournville Village Trust was set up to formally control the development of the estate, independently of George Cadbury or the Cadbury company. Bournville Village Trust is an organisation that was created to maintain and improve the suburb of Bournville, located in Birmingham. The trust focused on providing schools, hospitals, museums, public baths and reading rooms. A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" A hospital is an institution for Health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment and often but not always providing for A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the As Bournville is a conservation area, another job of the Bournville Village Trust is to accept or reject plans for building extension and modification.

An almost campus feel evolved, with a triangular village green, infant and junior schools, the School of Art and the Day Continuation School (originally intended for young Cadbury employees) and a host of events such as fêtes and Maypole dances. The maypole is a tall wooden pole (traditionally of Maple ( Acer) hawthorn or Birch) sometimes erected with several long coloured

The trust continues to exercise an international influence on housing and town planning generally. Now containing 7,800 homes on 1,000 acres (4 km²) of land with 100 acres (0. 4 km²) of parks and open spaces, Bournville remains a popular residential area of Birmingham.

Cadbury Schweppes is still one of Birmingham's main employers, making all manner of chocolate products. Cadbury plc () is a Confectionery and Beverage

The dark chocolate Bournville Plain is now manufactured in France and sold in the UK.

Governance

The ward is served by three councillors, all of whom are Conservative; Bill Evans, Nigel Dawkins and Timothy Huxtable. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. ^[2]

Bournville has adopted a Ward Support Officer with the current holder of the title being Karen Stevens.

Demography

The 2001 Population Census found that 25,462 people were living in Bournville with a population density of 4,217 people per km² compared with 3,649 people per km² for Birmingham. A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 Bournville had an area of 639. 8 hectares, and within this, it has a population density of 39. 8 people per hectare. 52. 9% of the population was identified as female, above the city average of 51. 6%. A number of students from The University of Birmingham live there, although not as many as in the nearby wards of Selly Oak and Edgbaston. The University of Birmingham (informally Birmingham University) is a British red brick University located in the city of Birmingham For the Selly Oak Parliamentary constituency see Birmingham Selly Oak (UK Parliament constituency. Edgbaston is an area in the city of Birmingham in England. It is also a formal district, managed by its own District committee.

Bournville is not an ethnically diverse community with ethnic minorities representing 10. 1% (2,474) of the ward's population as opposed to 29. 6% for Birmingham. 8. 7% of the ward's population was born outside of the United Kingdom, below the city average of 16. 5% and the national average of 9. 3%. The White broad ethnic group represented 90. 1% of the population. The Asian broad ethnic group was the second largest at 3. 9%. More specifically, the White British group is the largest ethnic group at 84. 9%, above the city average of 65. 6% and below the national average of 87%. Christianity was the most prominent religion in the ward with 70. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings 6% of the population stating themselves as Christians. 16. 6% of the population identified as having no religion.

98. 3% of the residents lived in households, equal to the city average and 0. 1% higher than the national average. The other 1. 7% lived in communal establishments. The total number of occupied households was 11,032, resulting in an average number of people per household of 2. 3. This is below the city average of 2. 5 and national average of 2. 4. 62. 5% of the occupied households were occupied by the owner and a further 15. 4% were rented from a housing association. Terraced houses were the most common form of houses at 38. 9%, followed by semi-detached houses at 32. 9%.

The largest age group in the ward was 25-44 age group which was represented by 30. 1% of the population, above the city average of 28. 3%. The second largest age group was the 45-54 years, which was represented by 17. 9% of the population. 18. 6% of the population was of a pensionable age, above the city average of 16. 7% and the national average of 18. 4%. 60. 7% of the population was of a working age, above the city average of 59. 8% but below the national average of 61. 5%. 68. 4% of the population was economically active. The unemployment rate was 6. 2%, of which, 36. 7% were in long term unemployment. The city unemployment rate is higher at 9. 5%. Of those who worked, 18. 2% worked in the Finance, Real Estate, & Business Activities sector. A further 16. 7% worked in the Health sector. The largest employer in the area is the Cadbury Trebor Bassett company, employing approximately 6,500 people. Cadbury Trebor Bassett is a British Confectionery company based at Bournville in Birmingham. Serco Integrated Services is the second largest employer in Bournville, employing approximately 1,800 people. Serco Group plc ( is a Business Services company based in Hook North Hampshire of the United Kingdom ^[3]

Although Bournville is most famous for its turn-of-the-20th century Cadbury style homes, a significant number of more modern stock also exists in the area - not all of which was built by Cadbury's. The local authority built several homes around Bournville before and after the Second World War. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Bryant Homes built a collection of upmarket and mostly detached houses in the west of Bournville during the 1970s. Taylor Woodrow Holdings Limited is one of the largest British based housebuilding and general construction companies

Education

Primary schools in the area include Bournville Junior School, Bournville Infant School and St Francis Primary School. Bournville Junior School is a mixed Voluntary aided school in the heart of Bournville taking children from ages 7 to 11 St Francis has 243 children on roll and was opened in 1979 and the 26 place nursery was officially opened by Professor Tim Brighouse in November 1998. ^[4]

Bournville School is a secondary school in the Birmingham Local Education Authority area. Bournville School and Sixth form centre is a Coeducational state Comprehensive school, with Specialist Business and Enterprise College and It is a comprehensive school with a sixth form centre. A sixth form college is an educational institution in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Hong Kong or Malta where students aged 16 In April 2007, the school received Music College status as well as already having Specialist Business Enterprise College status. ^[5] Bournville is served by Bournville College of Further Education, which features a sixth form college and higher education programmes. Bournville College of Further Education is a Further education college based in Northfield, Birmingham. A sixth form college is an educational institution in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Hong Kong or Malta where students aged 16 Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges ^[6]

Transport

Bournville lies on the A4040, the ring road developed in the 1920s and served by the 11A and 11C Birmingham Outer Circle bus routes. The A4040 is the Outer Ring Road in Birmingham, England. It is the route followed by the Birmingham Outer Circle Bus route Route (Clockwise from the A34, in the North of the city Perry Barr Witton (for Aston Villa) The 27 (Hawkesley to Kings Heath) bus service also serves the area. Kings Heath is a suburb of Birmingham, England, three miles south of the city centre

Road access into Birmingham City Centre is via either the Bristol Road (A38), served by the 61 (Birmingham to Gannow), 62 (Birmingham to Rednal) and 63 (Birmingham to Rubery) bus routes, or the Pershore Road (A441), served by the 45 (Birmingham to West Heath) and 47 (Birmingham to Cofton Hackett) buses. The A38 is a major Trunk road in England. Though formally known as the Exeter - Leeds Trunk Road it actually runs from Bodmin in Cornwall A441 is an A-road in England which runs from central Birmingham to Cookhill, Worcestershire. Trams ran on these routes until 1952. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train

Bournville is served by Bournville railway station on the Cross-City Line to Birmingham New Street, Lichfield and Redditch. Bournville railway station serves the Bournville area of Birmingham, England. The Cross-City Line is a Suburban Railway line in the West Midlands region of England. Birmingham New Street is a major railway station located in the centre of the city of Birmingham, England. Lichfield is a city and Civil parish in Staffordshire, England. Redditch is a Town and local government district in north-east Worcestershire, England. While other suburban Birmingham railway stations feature the yellow and green corporate livery of Centro, Bournville railway station is instead painted in Cadbury's purple. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. The West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive (WMPTE sometimes known as Centro, is a local government organisation ( Passenger Transport Executive) responsible Cadbury plc () is a Confectionery and Beverage

The National Cycle Network route five passes near Bournville (map) towards Hurst Street in the City Centre. The National Cycle Network is a network of cycle routes in the United Kingdom. Hurst Street is a street located in the Chinese Quarter of Birmingham, England. The Worcester and Birmingham Canal towpath can be joined at the railway station and serves as a de-facto cycle route to Brindleyplace. The Worcester and Birmingham Canal is a Canal linking Birmingham and Worcester in England. A towpath is a Road or Trail on the bank of a River, Canal, or other inland waterway Brindleyplace is a large mixed-use Canalside development in the centre of Birmingham, England (

Religion

As Bournville was founded by Quakers, a meeting house was built in the area. The Bournville Friends Meeting House is located on Linden Road, and features a bust of George Cadbury by Francis Wood, installed in 1924. ^[7] The building, designed by William Alexander Harvey, was constructed in 1905. William Alexander Harvey (1874-1951 was an English Architect. ^[8]

Christian churches in Bournville include St Francis of Assisi Church which is also the parish church. Land was set aside for a church and church hall by Bournville Village Trust in 1905. Bournville Village Trust is an organisation that was created to maintain and improve the suburb of Bournville, located in Birmingham. The church hall (now part of the community centre) was built in 1913, and the church building was consecrated in 1925. It was designed by William Alexander Harvey. The font was given as a memorial in 1984. It is of Portland stone and was designed and made by John Poole. Portland stone is a Limestone from the Jurassic period quarried on the Isle of Portland, Dorset. The organ was built by Messrs. Nicholson & Co. of Worcester. Worcester (ˈwʊstə is a city and County town of Worcestershire, in the West Midlands of England. It was given to the church by the Cadbury Brothers and had originally been located in The Girls' Dining Room in the Bournville Works. The chapel was designed by Selby Clewer and built in 1966. It was given by Laurence and Joyce Cadbury in memory of three of their children. ^[9] The church is in need of repair and is raising £250,000 to complete the work. ^[10] The ward is also served by Bournville Evangelical Church.

There is a purpose built Serbian Orthodox Church known by its members as Lazarica, formally the Church of the Holy Prince Lazar. This is built in the traditional Byzantine style of the Balkans and is consciously modelled on some famous examples. The interior is decorated in the full scheme of the Orthodox Tradition with wall-paintings al fresco. The Priest in charge is under the jurisdiction of the Serbian Archbishop for Scandinavia and Great Britain and resides in Sweden, and ultimately comes under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate in Belgrade.

See also

• Akroydon
• Creswell
• New Lanark
• Port Sunlight
• Saltaire
• Stewartby
• Woodlands

References

External links

• Birmingham City Council: Bournville Ward
• The Food of the Gods - the manufacture chapter provides an overview of the Cadbury's Bournville operation at the turn of the 20th century - from Project Gutenberg