'''Bouri Field'''
Country:	Libya
Location/Block(s):	Pelagian Basin Block NC41
Offshore/Onshore:	Offshore
Operators:	Eni
Partners:	National Oil Corporation
Field History
Discovery:	1976
Start of production:	1988
Peak of production:	NA
Expected Abandonment:	NA
Production
Current Production Oil (Bod):	60,000 bbl/d (9,500 m³/d)
Current Production Gas (Mcfd):	NA
Producing Formations:	Bou Dabbous-Tertiary

The Bouri Offshore Field is part of Block NC-41, which is located 120 kilometers (70 miles) north of the Libyan coast in the Mediterranean Sea. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Eni SpA () is an Italian multinational oil and gas company with a presence in 70 countries currently Italy's largest industrial company with The National Oil Corporation (NOC is the national oil company for the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. The chuprichondira geological time interval covers roughly the time span between the demise of the non- avian Dinosaurs and beginning of the most recent Ice Age, approximately It was first discovered in 1976 at a depth of 8,700 feet (2,700 m) and is estimated to contain 2 billion barrels (320,000,000 m³) in proven recoverable crude oil reserves and 2. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit 5 trillion cubic feet (71 km³) of associated natural gas with an annual production potential of 6 billion m³. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Bouri is considered the largest producing oilfield in the Mediterranean. ^[1]

Contents 1 Discovery and development 1.1 Overview 1.2 Block NC-41 Facilities 1.3 Field Development Since 2004 2 Export Development 3 Djeffara-Pelagian Basin Province: Formation 4 Notes 5 References

Discovery and development

Overview

In 1974, the Italian oil company Eni S. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest p. A signed a Production sharing agreement (PSA) awarded by the state-owned National Oil Corporation (NOc) of Libya for onshore and offshore exploration in areas near Tripoli. Production sharing agreements (PSAs are a common type of contract signed between a government and a resource extraction Company (or group of companies concerning how much of This is where the Bouri field was discovered offshore at a depth of 8,700 feet (2,700 m) in the Gulf of Gabes by Eni's subsidiary company Agip Oil in 1976. Agip (Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli established in 1926 is an Italian automotive Gasoline and Diesel retailer The Bouri field is jointly operated by Agip and NOC, with production initiating from two oil platforms (DP4 and DP3) in August 1988. By the end of 1989 it was producing an average of 60 million barrels per day (9,500,000 m³/d). The first phase of development, costing nearly $2 billion, was completed in 1990. This was immediately followed by commencement of a second development phase which entailed the drilling of 55 new wells and construction of three additional platforms.

In 1995, the Bouri field was producing nearly 150,000 bbl/d (24,000 m³/d), followed by a sharp decline to 60,000 bbl/d (9,500 m³/d) in 1998. This decline was largely a result of the country's inability to import enhanced oil recovery (EOR) equipment under United Nations sanctions, specifically UN Resolution 883 of November 11, 1993, which banned Libya from importing refinery equipment. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The situation has improved since the UN Security Council officially lifted sanctions against Libya during September 2003 and foreign investment is expected in the future. In 2006, Eni reported that the Bouri field was producing about 55 kbboe per day. The barrel of oil equivalent (bboe sometimes BOE is a unit of energy based on the approximate energy released by burning one barrel of Crude oil. ^[2]

Block NC-41 Facilities

Block NC-41 contains three known petroleum reservoirs; one oil reservoir and two gas reservoirs. NC-41 has two production platforms: DP4 and DP3. The latter is tied back to the DP4 platform located 6. 5 km northeast. The DP4 platform is permanently moored at a single point to a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) tanker with a storage capacity of approximately 1. A Floating Production Storage and Offloading vessel ( FPSO; also called a "unit" and a "system" is a type of floating tank system used by the offshore 5 million barrels (240,000 m³). Bouri has three subsea wells independently tied to the DP3 platform by underwater safety valves (USV) mounted on a subsea-deployed skid located 150 meters from the DP3 jacket. Subsea is a general term frequently used to refer to equipment technology and methods employed to explore drill and develop oil and gas fields that exist below the ocean floors The three wells were initially drilled in 1994-1995 and temporarily abandoned until completion in 1998. The subsea trees are an integral protection structure for deflection and protection, preventing the release of oil or gas from wells into the environment and controlling formation fluids. The wells, notable for Hydrogen sulfide, are controlled by chokes on subsea trees. Hydrocarbons are produced by their respective underwater safety valves to the DP3 platform through flexible 4" nominal-diameter flowlines. In Organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an Organic compound consisting entirely of Hydrogen and Carbon. Topside controls were installed by FMC Technology on the DP3 platform and use a multiplex electro-hydraulic control system with independent production umbilical at each well.

Field Development Since 2004

In 2004, Agip Oil commissioned Saipem S. p. A. for additional development projects related to the Bouri Field. The project carried out through a joint venture between Saipem and Korea’s Hyundai Corporation, which fabricated process and utility modules. A joint venture (often abbreviated JV) is an entity formed between two or more parties to undertake economic activity together Hyundai Corporation is a South Korean company founded in 1976 as a part of the Hyundai Group. Apart from drilling modules, designed and with fabrication follow up by Saipem, the contract covered installation of two drilling and production platforms in 160 meter water depths. Overall, twenty-seven modules, ranging in weight from 500 to 1700 tons, and totalling 26,000 tons, were installed. Work conducted on the Bouri Field DP-4 Rig, included; a Removal project: decommissioning and removal of one of the two drilling rigs and associated modules from the DP-4 platform. For a detailed diagram of a Petroleum drilling rig, See Drilling rig (petroleum A drilling rig is a machine which creates holes (usually called These operations were carried out utilising the Saipem 7000, which is the world's second largest crane vessel. Concept The Saipem 7000 originally named the Micoperi 7000 was conceived in the early 1980s by its original owners Micoperi as a multipurpose offshore oil platform installation ^[3]

Export Development

The Western Libyan Gas Project is a 50-50 joint venture between Eni and NOC which came online in October 2004. The Western Libyan Gas Project (WLGP is a 50-50 Joint venture between the Libyan National Oil Corporation (NOC and the Italian company This project transports natural gas from Bouri and other Eni fields through the $6. 6 billion, 32 inches (0. 81 m), 520 km Greenstream underwater pipeline. Greenstream pipeline, a part of the Western Libya Gas Project, is a 520 kilometers long natural gas submarine pipeline from Mellitah in Libya to Gela Currently, 280 billion cubic feet (7,900,000,000 m³) per year of natural gas is exported from a processing facility at Melitah, on the Libyan coast, via Greenstream to southeastern Sicily. From Sicily, the natural gas flows to the Italian mainland, and then onwards to the rest of Europe. Throughput on the Greenstream line reportedly can be boosted to 385×10⁹ cu ft (10,900,000,000 m³) per year. ^[4]

Djeffara-Pelagian Basin Province: Formation

The Bouri field is situated in the Djeffara-Pelagian Basin Province (also known as the “Pelagian Basin”), and produces from the Bou Dabbous-Tertiary TPS. The Province is primarily an offshore region of the Mediterranean, located off eastern Tunisia and northern Libya (northwest of the Sirte Basin), and extending slightly into Italian and Maltese territorial waters. Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. The Sirte Basin is a late Mesozoic and Tertiary Triple junction continental Rift (extensional basin along northern Africa that was Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands The Pelagian Province contains over 2. 3 billion barrels (370,000,000 m³) of known (estimated total recoverable, including cumulative production plus remaining reserves) petroleum liquids; consisting of about 1 billion barrels (160,000,000 m³) of recoverable oil reserves and approximately 17 trillion cubic feet (480 km³) of known natural gas. It is speculated that Tertiary carbonates might contain indigenous hydrocarbon sources, particularly in Eocene rocks (Gir Formation), that could have contributed to the large reserves in Djefarra-Pelagian. The chuprichondira geological time interval covers roughly the time span between the demise of the non- avian Dinosaurs and beginning of the most recent Ice Age, approximately In Chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or Ester of Carbonic acid. The Eocene epoch (558 ± 02 - 339 ± 01 Ma) is a major division of the Geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in In addition to Bouris, other major fields located in the province are the Ashtart and Sidi el Itayem fields. ^[5]

Notes

References

The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government.

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