Boulder, Colorado
Location in Boulder County and the State of Colorado
Coordinates: 40°1′10″N 105°17′34″W / 40.01944, -105.29278
Country	United States
State	State of Colorado
County	Boulder County Seat[1]
Settled	1858 as Boulder City, N.T.
Incorporated	1871-11-04[2]
Government
- Type	Home Rule Municipality[1]
- Mayor	Shaun McGrath
Area
- Total	25. Boulder County is the sixth most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. See also Geography of Colorado State of Colorado|History of Colorado This is a list of the 64 counties of the U Boulder County is the sixth most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States. The Territory of Nebraska was a historic Organized territory of the United States from May 30, 1854 until March 1, 1867 A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to cities, counties, Towns Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani See also State of Colorado The 271 incorporated municipalities of the State of Colorado operate under one of five types of municipal governing A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 4 sq mi (65. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 7 km²)
- Land	24. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 4 sq mi (63. 1 km²)
- Water	1. 0 sq mi (2. 6 km²)
Elevation	5,430 ft (1,655 m)
Population (2006)[3] 1
- Total	91,685 (city proper)
- Density	3,884. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International ----The term city limits (or city boundary) refers to the defined boundary of a City. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 1/sq mi (1,499. 9/km²)
Time zone	MST (UTC-7)
- Summer (DST)	MDT (UTC-6)
ZIP codes[4]	80301-80310, 80314, 80321-80323, 80328, 80329
Area code(s)	Both 303 and 720
FIPS code	08-07850
GNIS feature ID	0178680
Highways	US 36, SH 7, SH 52, SH 93, SH 119, SH 157
Eleventh most populous Colorado city
Website: City of Boulder

Boulder is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and most populous city of Boulder County, Colorado, in the United States. The Mountain Time Zone of North America keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-7) during the shortest days of autumn UTC−7 can be observed in Mountain Standard Time Zone Pacific Daylight Time Zone Canada Daylight saving time ( DST The Mountain Time Zone of North America keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-7) during the shortest days of autumn Areas using UTC−6 Single zone countries Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The map to the right is clickable click on an area code to go to the page for that code The map to the right is clickable click on an area code to go to the page for that code Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout The State highway system in the US State of Colorado is comprised of State Highways (typically abbreviated SH) U US Route 36 is an east-west United States highway that runs for 1414 miles (2276 km from Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado to Uhrichsville State Highway 7 in the US state of Colorado is a State highway. State Highway 157 is a long State highway in Boulder, Colorado. See also State of Colorado The 271 incorporated municipalities of the State of Colorado operate under one of five types of municipal governing A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. Boulder County is the sixth most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[5] Boulder is the 11th most populous city in the state of Colorado. See also State of Colorado The 271 incorporated municipalities of the State of Colorado operate under one of five types of municipal governing The United States Census Bureau estimates that in 2005 the population of the city of Boulder was 91,685,^[6] the population of the Boulder Metropolitan Statistical Area was 280,440. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census The Boulder Metropolitan Statistical Area is a United States Census Bureau defined Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA located in the Boulder region of Boulder is the home of the University of Colorado at Boulder, the largest university in Colorado and Naropa University, the only accredited Buddhist-inspired university in the United States. The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University Naropa University is a private Liberal arts University in Boulder, Colorado, the United States, which was founded in 1974 Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Boulder is situated 25 miles (40 km) northwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver at an elevation of 5,430 feet (1,655 m). The Colorado State Capitol Building, located at 200 East Colfax Avenue in Denver Colorado, is the home of the Colorado legislature and the offices of the The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States

Contents 1 Demographics 2 Geography 3 History 4 Politics and government 5 Culture 5.1 Outdoor sports 5.2 Music 5.3 Traditions 5.3.1 Colorado Chautauqua 5.3.2 Bolder Boulder 5.3.3 4/20 at CU 5.3.4 Boulder Kinetics 5.3.5 North Boulder Park Nordic skiing track 5.3.6 University of Colorado Events 5.3.7 Happy Thursday Cruiser Ride 6 Schools, University 6.1 Public schools 6.2 Charter schools 6.3 Private schools 6.4 Colleges, universities, science institutes 6.5 Private schools 6.6 Science institutes 7 Economy and industry 8 Transportation 9 Growth management 9.1 Wildlife protection 10 Media 11 People 12 Climate 13 Shopping 14 Sister cities 15 In popular culture 16 See also 17 References 18 External links

Demographics

As of the census^[7] of 2000, there are 94,673 people, 39,596 households, and 16,788 families residing in the city. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density is 1,499. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/km² (3,884. 1/sq mi), making Boulder's population density higher than Denver's and among the highest in the state; of Colorado's twenty-one largest cities, only Englewood and Northglenn (two close-in Denver suburbs) have greater population densities. The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States The City of Englewood is a Home Rule Municipality located in Arapahoe County, Colorado, United States. The City of Northglenn is a Home Rule Municipality located in Adams County and Weld County, Colorado, United States. There are 40,726 housing units at an average density of 1,670. 8/sq mi (645. 2/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 88. 33% White, 1. 22% Black or African American, 0. 48% Native American, 4. 02% Asian, 0. 05% Pacific Islander, 3. 50% from other races, and 2. 40% from two or more races. 20. 24% of the population are Hispanic or Latino/Latina of any race. Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Hispanic or Latino descent, which comprises ancestry or origins in Hispanic America

There are 39,596 households out of which 20. 0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 33. 3% are married couples living together, 6. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 57. 6% are non-families. 33. 7% of all households are made up of individuals and 6. 2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2. 20 and the average family size is 2. 84.

Boulder's population is younger than the national average, largely due to the presence of university students. The median age is 29 years compared to the U. S. median of 35. 1 years. ^[8] In Boulder, 14. 8% of the residents are under the age of 18, 25. 9% from 18 to 24, 33. 0% from 25 to 44, 18. 4% from 45 to 64, and 7. 8% are 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there are 106. 8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and older, there are 107. 4 males.

According to a 2006 estimate, the median household income in Boulder is $47,577, and the median family income is $89,184. ^[9] Males have a median income of $41,829 versus $32,100 for females. The per capita income for the city is $31,539. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country 17. 4% of the population and 6. 4% of families are below the poverty line. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country Out of the total population, 10. 4% of those under the age of 18 and 6. 5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. The higher population poverty line is due to the large number of college students living in the area. The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation Verb "studēre"

Boulder housing tends to be priced higher than surrounding areas. For the 2nd quarter of 2006, the median single family home in Boulder sold for $548,000 and the median attached dwelling (condo or town home) sold for $262,000. [1] According to that National Association of Realtors, during the same period the median value of single family homes nationwide was $227,500. ^[10]

Geography

The City of Boulder is in Boulder Valley where the Rocky Mountains meet the Great Plains. Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. The Great Plains are the broad expanse of Prairie and Steppe which lie east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada Just west of the city are imposing slabs of sedimentary stone tilted up on the foothills, known as the Flatirons. The Flatirons are Rock formations near Boulder Colorado. There are five large numbered Flatirons ranging from north to south (First through Fifth respectively The Flatirons are a widely recognized symbol of Boulder.

The primary water flow through the city is Boulder Creek. Boulder Creek is a creek draining the mountains to the west of Boulder, Colorado and the plains between the city and St The creek was named well ahead of the city's founding, for all of the large granite boulders that have cascaded into the creek over the eons. It is from Boulder Creek that Boulder City and hence Boulder is believed to have taken its name. Boulder Creek has significant water flow, derived primarily from snow melt and minor springs west of the city. The creek is a tributary of the South Platte River. The South Platte River is one of the two principal tributaries of the Platte River and itself a major river of the American West, located in the U

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 4 square miles (65. 7 km²). 24. 4 square miles (63. 1 km²) of it is land and 1. 0 square miles (2. 6 km²) of it (3. 94%) is water.

The 40th parallel (40 degrees north latitude) runs though Boulder and can be easily recognized as Baseline Road today.

History

In the early to mid 1800s, the nomadic Southern Arapaho Native American tribe frequently wintered at the base of the foothills in the Boulder area. The Arapaho (in French: Gens de Vache) tribe of Native Americans historically living on the eastern plains of Colorado and Wyoming Chief Niwot and his band called the site their home. Chief Niwot or Left Hand (c 1825-1864 was a tribal leader of the Arapahoe people and played an important part in the history of Colorado Other nomadic tribes included the Utes, Cheyennes, Comanches, and Sioux.

The first recorded European settlers in the area were gold prospectors who arrived in 1858, when Boulder was part of the Nebraska Territory (The former boundary between Nebraska and Kansas territories is the present Baseline Road in Boulder). Boulder's first school house was built in 1860, followed by the creation of the Colorado Territory in 1861. In 1871 then 'Boulder City' was incorporated. In 1873 the railroad was extended to Boulder and, in 1890, the Boulder Railroad Depot was constructed to serve as a station for the Union Pacific Railroad. The Boulder Railroad Depot is a retired train depot in Boulder Colorado. In 1876 Colorado was granted statehood, and in that same year the University of Colorado at Boulder opened.

Mining gold, silver, and coal continued to be a prominent part of the local economy until the mid 1900s. A coal miners strike lasted from 1910 to 1915, causing a military presence in nearby Louisville. Louisville (ˈluːɪsvɪl is a Home Rule Municipality in Boulder County, Colorado, United States. Mining's relevance in the local economy declined in the 1940s, when the city began actively recruiting clean industry, such as the National Bureau of Standards, which today is the National Institute of Standards and Technology. (Home of the atomic clock. An atomic clock is a type of Clock that uses an Atomic resonance Frequency standard as its timekeeping element )

Streetcars operated in Boulder from the late 1800s through 1931. A lobbying group exists today to restore the streetcar to Boulder, albeit with a new route.

Boulder adopted an anti-saloon ordinance in 1907. ^[11] Statewide prohibition started in Colorado in 1916 and ended with the repeal of national prohibition in 1933. Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol [2]

Boulder was the second city in the United States to implement the Hare (or Single Transferable Vote) method of voting in 1917. Single transferable vote (STV is a preferential Voting system designed to minimize Wasted votes and provide Proportional representation It was repealed in 1947.

On January 19, 1952, the Denver-Boulder Turnpike opened as a tollway between Boulder and the northern Denver suburb of Westminster. Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States The City of Westminster is a Home Rule Municipality located in Adams County and Jefferson County of the State of Colorado In 1967, the bonds for building the highway were paid off early, its tollway status was lifted, and it became part of U.S. Highway 36. US Route 36 is an east-west United States highway that runs for 1414 miles (2276 km from Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado to Uhrichsville (Many still refer to the road as the Denver-Boulder Turnpike or simply Boulder Turnpike, however. ) [3]

Further reading: City of Boulder History, Boulder History Museum Timeline

Politics and government

Politically, Boulder is more liberal than most of Colorado. Boulder County, which includes Boulder's more conservative suburbs, is 37% Democratic, 27% Republican, and 36% independent. Boulder County is the sixth most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States. [4] Although in Denver, Democratic views are prevalent in city politics, Boulder has the more widespread reputation as a pocket of liberal political views within its largely conservative state, garnering the oft-used nickname "The People's Republic of Boulder. The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States "

In 1974 the Boulder City Council passed Colorado's first ordinance prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation. Boulder voters, however, repealed the measure by referendum within a year. In 1975, Boulder County Clerk Clela Rorex was the second in the United States to ever grant same-sex marriage licenses, prior to state laws being passed to prevent such issuance. Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same [5] In 1987, Boulder voters reversed their 1974 vote, and the city became the first in the United States to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation by a direct vote of the people. In 1996, Boulder became the first city in Colorado to enact a smoking ban that included bars. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. Smoking bans are public policies including Criminal laws and Occupational safety and health Regulations which prohibit Tobacco smoking

Coexisting with the liberal tendencies of the population at large are the less numerous but politically active conservative and libertarian residents. Bob Greenlee, a Republican, was briefly the mayor of Boulder and ran against Mark Udall in 1998 for Colorado's 2nd congressional district. Bob Greenlee (born July 6, 1941 in Omaha Nebraska) was the Republican mayor of Boulder Colorado from 1998 to 1999 and city council Mark Emery Udall (born July 18 1950) American politician has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives The 2nd Congressional district of Colorado is located in north-central Colorado, encompassing areas northwest of Denver including the city of Boulder. The Promise Keepers, an evangelical organization for men, was conceived of in Boulder in 1990 by then-coach of the University of Colorado football team Bill McCartney. Promise Keepers is an international conservative Christian organization for men, based in Denver, Colorado, United States, self-described Evangelicalism is a theological movement tradition and system of beliefs most closely associated with Protestant Christianity, which identifies with the Gospel William Paul McCartney (born August 22, 1940 in Riverview Michigan) is the founder of the Promise Keepers men's ministry and a former college The organization has since relocated to Denver. The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States [6]

Culture

Outdoor sports

Boulder is surrounded by more than 31,000 acres (125 km²) of recreational open space and nature preserves. There are ample opportunities for hiking, biking and rock climbing. Many of the trails start at the edge of the city, while others are a short drive away. The trails vary in difficulty: some are quite easy while there are some that are technically challenging. A trail map is available online or from a variety of local retailers. The City of Boulder Open Space website is a great resource for information about outdoor activities and volunteer opportunities.

World-class rock climbing is found in nearby Eldorado Canyon, near the small unincorporated community of Eldorado Springs, six miles south of Boulder. In Law, an unincorporated area is a region of land that is not a part of any Municipality. Eldorado Springs is a Census-designated place (CDP in Boulder County, Colorado, United States. Eldorado Canyon is a wonder of natural beauty, but it is most famous for its hundreds of world-renowned rock climbing routes. There are also high quality climbing routes available in the city open space, including climbing routes of varying difficulty on the Flatirons themselves. The Flatirons are Rock formations near Boulder Colorado. There are five large numbered Flatirons ranging from north to south (First through Fifth respectively Boulder Canyon, directly west of downtown Boulder, also has many good routes. All three of these areas are affected by seasonal closures for wildlife. [7] [8], [9]

Music

Boulder is home to a variety of music, from classical to jazz to pop, and from informal street performances to concert music performed in historic Macky Auditorium.

Founded in 1958, the Boulder Philharmonic Orchestra is a critically acclaimed professional orchestra that offers dynamic programming under the leadership of its Music Director Michael Butterman. [10]. In addition, every year during the second week of January, Boulder is the host city of Colorado MahlerFest, an annual celebration honoring Austrian composer Gustav Mahler, on the University of Colorado at Boulder campus. Colorado MahlerFest is an annual event held in Boulder Colorado, which each year celebrates one major Symphonic work by Austrian composer Gustav Mahler Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University Each summer features the acclaimed Colorado Music Festival, a six-week classical music festival with professional musicians from around the world, at the historic Chautauqua Auditorium at the base of the Flatirons.

Nick Forster of the bluegrass group Hot Rize tapes the environmental and musical radio program Etown Sunday evenings at the Boulder Theater. Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music, and is a sub-genre of Country music. This article is about the bluegrass band For the self-rising flour y'all go see Martha White.

On Thursday nights from June through mid-August, street musicians perform on the Pearl Street Mall just south of the Courthouse. Pearl Street Mall (also referred to as Pearl Street, Downtown Boulder or just simply Downtown) is a four block pedestrian mall in Boulder Colorado Bands on the Bricks, as the event is called, features a different band each week, with styles ranging from zydeco to oldies, and bluegrass to funk. Buskers are frequently in downtown Boulder especially on warm days and weekends. Busking is the practice of performing in Public places for Tips and Gratuities.

Boulder is home to a branch of the Revels organization (www. rockymountainrevels. org) which presents an annual Solstice production at the Boulder Theater. The local branch, called the Rocky Mountain Revels, formed in Boulder in 2001. The Rocky Mountain Revels is the local satellite for the Revels organization founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1971, and is the only Revels troupe in the Intermountain West.

Singer-songwriter Wendy Woo grew up in Boulder. [11] [12] Jello Biafra of the Dead Kennedys is originally from Boulder, as are The String Cheese Incident, Leftover Salmon, Big Head Todd and the Monsters, Rose Hill Drive and The Samples. Eric Reed Boucher (born June 17, 1958) more widely known by the Stage name Jello Biafra, is a musician who first gained Dead Kennedys was an American Hardcore punk band from San Francisco, California. The String Cheese Incident, one of the bands involved in the jam movement of the mid-to-late 1990s formed in Boulder, Colorado in 1993 Leftover Salmon is a jam band from Boulder Colorado, formed in 1989. Big Head Todd & the Monsters is a rock band formed in 1986 in Colorado. Rose Hill Drive is a young American rock Power trio. The band is often aligned with other innovators in the revival of traditional hard rock and The Samples are a band formed in Boulder Colorado in early 1987 Jazz musician Chris Wood of Blue Note Records' Medeski, Martin and Wood grew up in Boulder. Christopher Barry Wood is an American bass player best known for playing with the avant-garde Jazz - Funk trio Medeski Martin & Wood. Medeski Martin & Wood (or MMW) is an American Jazz trio formed in 1991 consisting of John Medeski on keyboards and Piano Al Jourgensen and Paul Barker of the industrial rock group Ministry went to school in Boulder. Al Jourgensen (born October 9, 1958 in Havana, Cuba) is an American musician best known as the founder and frontman of the Industrial Ministry was an American Industrial metal band founded by Frontman Al Jourgensen in 1981 Award-winning blues musician Otis Taylor has lived in Boulder since 1967. Otis Taylor (born July 30, 1948, Chicago, Illinois) is an African American Blues Musician.

The following venues near Boulder host live music:

• GetBoulder with film, music, etc. from Boulder Magazine
• Fox Theater - (303) 443-3399 - 1135 13th St, Boulder, CO
• Albums on the Hill
• Laughing Goat
• A Mellow Mood
• Mountain Sun and Southern Sun
• Nissi's - 95th & Arapahoe, Lafayette, CO
• RedFish Brewhouse
• Rock 'N Soul Cafe

Traditions

Colorado Chautauqua

The Colorado Chautauqua has presented programs every summer since 1898 including lectures, music, cinema, adult education classes, and nondenominational sermons. The Colorado Chautauqua, located in Boulder, Colorado, United States, and started in 1898 is the only Chautauqua west of the Mississippi Its grounds, including the historic Chautauqua Auditorium, are located about one mile southwest of downtown Boulder, just south of the intersection of Ninth Street and Baseline Road. The Chautauqua Auditorium, located at the Colorado Chautauqua in Boulder Colorado, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March Baseline Road is a major east-west street in Boulder Colorado that extends east of the city through parts of four counties In recent years the Colorado Chautauqua has become a year-round operation.

Bolder Boulder

Boulder has hosted a 10 km road run, the “Bolder Boulder,” on Memorial Day, every year since 1979. The Bolder Boulder is an annual 10-kilometer road race in Boulder Colorado. Memorial Day is a United States Federal holiday observed on the last Monday of May (on May in) The race involves up to 50,000 runners, joggers, walkers, and wheelchair racers, making it one of the largest road races in the world. It has the largest non-marathon prize purse in road racing [media guide (PDF)]. The marathon is a long-distance foot race with an official distance of 42 The race culminates at the University of Colorado's Folsom Field with a Memorial Day Tribute, “one of the largest Memorial Day gatherings in the United States” [13]. The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University Folsom Field is an outdoor football Stadium on the campus of the University of Colorado in Boulder Colorado. Organizers have dedicated three starting waves to current and former members of the U. S. armed forces.

4/20 at CU

Each year on April 20th thousands of students gather on Norlin Quad (previously held on Farrand Field) to celebrate the counter-culture day of reverence in a display of open marijuana smoking[14]. Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a Police presence has typically been held to a minimum and the event as a whole tends to be relatively well tolerated by the university. However, police and university officials have photographed participants before, at one point offering a $50 reward for identifying people photographed smoking on Farrand Field. 2007's celebration hosted such events as a trampoline and slip-and-slide.

The University's response to the 2005 demonstration was to run the sprinklers, installed underneath Farrand Field, for most of the day. This led to some students being confronted/restrained by the Police, mostly for stomping in or breaking the sprinklers. However, most students chose to simply watch from the other side of the fence-line that closes off the field from the rest of campus.

April 20th, 2008 marked the largest 4/20 to date; with an estimated 10,000 supporters gathered on Norlin Quad. Norlin is a more suitable field for the event since it is much larger. About 15 police officers attended to maintain a safe environment, and no tickets were issued all day.

Boulder Kinetics

Every year to mark the beginning of Spring, local radio station KBCO and more recently Budweiser beer both sponsor Kinetics, a race from the banks of Boulder Reservoir and back by human-powered vehicles timed on speed and judged for style. KBCO (973 FM) is an Adult album alternative Radio station licensed to Boulder Colorado that serves the Denver - Boulder The idea for a kinetic sculpture race was imported from Ferndale, California. A Kinetic sculpture race is an organized contest of human-powered amphibious all-terrain works of art The Victorian village of Ferndale is a city in Humboldt County, California, United States.

The first race in Boulder was held on May 3, 1980. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Since then, Kinetics has grown in size and creativity with about 20,000 spectators and dozens of teams. [15]. Since KBCO was joined by co-sponsor Budweiser, many great nationally known live bands have played at Kinetics, making it somewhat of an outdoor music festival on the beach of the Reservoir. People come early equipped with blankets, coolers and lawn chairs. It has become a local tradition signaling the beginning of summer.

KBCO has decided to suspend Kinetics for 2008, citing decreasing attendance and increasing costs for the last several years. [16]

North Boulder Park Nordic skiing track

When it snows in Boulder, a club of Nordic skiiers from Boulder create a track in North Boulder Park, located about a mile from downtown, and right next to the Boulder Community Hospital. Nordic skiing is a Winter sport that encompasses all types of Skiing where the heel of the boot cannot be fixed to the ski Many residents of Boulder go to ski in this track. The track remained for an astonishing month and a half during the snowstorms of 2006–2007. Colorado Holiday Blizzard I The Holiday Blizzard I was an intense Blizzard that covered the Colorado Front Range, the Colorado Eastern Plains and surrounding

University of Colorado Events

• Colorado Shakespeare Festival

The Colorado Shakespeare Festival is a summer festival of Shakespeare held at the outdoor Mary Rippon Theater on the University of Colorado campus. The Colorado Shakespeare Festival is a Shakespeare Festival each summer at the University of Colorado at Boulder in the outdoor Mary Rippon Theater and The Colorado Shakespeare Festival is a Shakespeare Festival each summer at the University of Colorado at Boulder in the outdoor Mary Rippon Theater and William Shakespeare ( baptised The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University

• Conference on World Affairs

The Conference on World Affairs is an annual one-week conference featuring dozens of discussion panels on a variety of contemporary issues. The Conference on World Affairs is hosted annually around the second week of April at the University of Colorado in Boulder Colorado. The Conference on World Affairs is hosted annually around the second week of April at the University of Colorado in Boulder Colorado. Roger Ebert attends the conference every year and conducts his "Cinema Interruptus" lecture, spending many hours over a number of days closely analyzing one film. Roger Joseph Ebert (iːbɝt born June 18, 1942) is an American film critic and Screenwriter. It was at the conference in 1996 that Ebert created the Boulder Pledge not to purchase anything offered through email spam. Roger Joseph Ebert (iːbɝt born June 18, 1942) is an American film critic and Screenwriter. [17]

• University of Colorado Museum of Natural History

Considered one of the top comprehensive university museums of natural history in the U. The University of Colorado Museum of Natural History is a museum of Natural history in Boulder Colorado. S. , the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, located on the University's Boulder campus, contains over four million biology, anthropology, and geology/paleontology research specimens. The University of Colorado Museum of Natural History is a museum of Natural history in Boulder Colorado. The Museum also sponsors lectures, classes, tours, and workshops for all ages and interests. Exhibits include fossils, animals of Colorado and the Rocky Mountain region, and ancient Southwestern cultures.

• Hiking Club

The Hiking Club at the University of Colorado at Boulder is the longest-running student organization on campus, organizes member-run trips throughout Colorado and the Rocky Mountain Region for university students and affiliates. The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University

Happy Thursday Cruiser Ride

Every Thursday, a group of cruiser bike riders meet to ride their cycles on various streets, alleys and bike paths in an outpouring of creativity and love for bicycles, shouting "Happy Thursday!" to onlookers. Many dress up in costume for the occasion, and some also decorate and accessorize their cycles for the event. The number of participants varies greatly from week to week, peaking in the summer months of well over 500 riders; only a small group of 'Cold Weather Cruisers' ride during the colder months. [18] [19]

Schools, University

Public schools

The Boulder Valley School District (BVSD) administers the public school system in Boulder, and also in the neighboring cities and towns of Lafayette, Louisville, and Nederland. The Boulder Valley RE 2 School District is the local school district for Boulder Colorado and ten neighboring communities including Louisville, Lafayette The City of Lafayette (ˌlɑːfeɪˈɛt is a Home Rule Municipality located in Boulder County, Colorado, United States. Louisville (ˈluːɪsvɪl is a Home Rule Municipality in Boulder County, Colorado, United States. The Town of Nederland is a Statutory Town located in the mountains of Boulder County, Colorado, United States. The two largest high schools (grades 9–12) in Boulder are Boulder High School and Fairview High School, both part of BVSD. High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution History Boulder High School was founded in 1875 as part of the University of Colorado (as a preparatory school for the university making it the first The District also operates the smaller New Vista High School in the building formerly occupied by Base Line Middle School. About New Vista High School New Vista is a small school located on the corner of 20th and Baseline in Boulder Colorado

Boulder Valley administers several middle schools (grades 6–8) in Boulder, including Southern Hills Middle School. Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School BVSD elementary schools (grades K–5) in Boulder include University Hill Elementary School and a number of others. See also Primary education An elementary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory education known as elementary

A small portion of Boulder's Gunbarrel subdivision (north of Lookout Road) is served by the St. Vrain Valley School District (SVVSD). Gunbarrel is a Census-designated place (CDP in Boulder County, Colorado, United States. These students attend Niwot High School and Niwot Elementary School in the nearby community of Niwot. Niwot High School (NHS is a Public high school located in Niwot Colorado and is part of the St Niwot is a Census-designated place (CDP in Boulder County, Colorado, United States. Middle school students take a longer commute to Sunset Middle School in Longmont. Longmont is a Home Rule Municipality in Boulder and Weld counties in the U SVVSD also has charter schools available to Boulder residents living in the district.

Charter schools

Charter schools (receiving public funding but under private management) within the city of Boulder include Boulder Preparatory High School (9–12), Summit Middle School (6–8), Horizons Alternative School (K–8), and Justice High School (9–12). Charter schools are elementary or secondary schools in the United States that receive public money but Summit Middle Charter School is a Charter school program serving sixth through eighth grade students in Boulder Colorado. The last is unusual in that it is operated in rented space in the Boulder County Justice Center, which also houses courtrooms, the sheriff's office, and the coroner's office.

Private schools

A variety of private high schools, middle schools and elementary schools operate in and near Boulder. Well known private schools in the Boulder area include The Acorn School for Early Childhood Development(infant-age 6), Mountain Shadows Montessori School(preschool-6),Bixby School (K–5), September School [20] (9-12), Jarrow Montessori School (K-6, the oldest Montessori school in Colorado), Bridge School (6–12), and Shining Mountain Waldorf School (K–12) in Boulder, Alexander Dawson School (K–12) in Lafayette, Catalyst and Rocky Mountain School for the Gifted and Creative (K–8) in Gunbarrel. Gunbarrel is a Census-designated place (CDP in Boulder County, Colorado, United States.

Colleges, universities, science institutes

• University of Colorado at Boulder, public university which contributes roughly 46,000 residents (30,000 undergraduate students, 6,000 graduate students and 10,000 staff/faculty) to the population. The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University

Private schools

• Naropa University private Buddhist university
• Rivendell College private Christian Liberal Arts College -- http://www.rivendellcollege.org
• Boulder College of Massage Therapy -- http://www.bcmt.org
• Ruseto College private two-year college for Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine -- http://www.ruseto.com
• Southwest Acupuncture College private 2-3 year college -- http://www.acupuncturecollege.edu
• Culinary School of the Rockies -- http://www.culinaryschoolrockies.com
• Homeopathy School of Colorado -- http://www.homeopathyschool.org

Science institutes

• Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) - http://cires.colorado.edu/
• Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy (CASA) - http://casa.colorado.edu/
• Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR) - http://instaar.colorado.edu/
• JILA - http://jilawww.colorado.edu/
• Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) - http://lasp.colorado.edu/
• National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) / University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) - http://www.ncar.ucar.edu/
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - http://www.boulder.nist.gov/
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) research center - http://noaa.gov/
• National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) - http://www.nsidc.org/
• NTIA - Institute for Telecommunication Sciences Boulder - http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/
• Southwest Research Institute Department of Space Studies - http://www.boulder.swri.edu/
• Space Science Institute - http://www.spacescience.org/

Economy and industry

Major employers in and near Boulder include: [21] [22]

• University of Colorado (7,500)
• Sun Microsystems (5,000 [23])
• IBM (4,500)
• Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. (3,000 [24])
• Level 3 Communications (2,500) [25]
• National Institute of Standards and Technology and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (1,700 [26])
• City of Boulder (1,600)
• National Center for Atmospheric Research (1,100)
• Covidien, formerly Tyco Healthcare Group (1,700)
• Medtronic (225)
• Otologics LLC (75)
• Array Biopharma (125)
• OSI (150)
• HEI Medical, formerly Colorado MedTech (125)
• Roche Colorado (225)
• Particle Measuring Systems (225)
• Amgen (750)
• Lockheed Martin (450)
• Celestial Seasonings (250)
• Crispin Porter + Bogusky (300)
• Crocs (550)
• Polycom (350)

Transportation

Boulder has an extensive bus system operated by RTD, the Regional Transportation District. Naropa University is a private Liberal arts University in Boulder, Colorado, the United States, which was founded in 1974 The Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES is a research institute that is sponsored jointly by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration JILA, formerly known as the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, is one of the leading physical-science research institutes in the United States. The Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics ( LASP) is a research organization at the University of Colorado at Boulder. The National Center for Atmospheric Research ( NCAR) is a non-governmental U The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research ( UCAR) is a nonprofit corporation founded in 1960 by research institutions with doctoral programs in the atmospheric The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the The National Snow and Ice Data Center, or NSIDC, is a United States information and referral center in support of polar and cryospheric Southwest Research Institute ( SwRI) headquartered in San Antonio Texas, is one of the oldest and largest independent Nonprofit, applied Research The Space Science Institute (SSI in Boulder, Colorado, is a Nonprofit, public benefit corporation dedicated to research and education in Planetary Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University Sun Microsystems Inc ( is a multinational vendor of Computers computer components Computer software, and Information technology services International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp (commonly Ball Aerospace) is a manufacturer of spacecraft components and instruments for national defense civil space and commercial space Not to be confused with L-3 Communications, a communications system company The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the The National Center for Atmospheric Research ( NCAR) is a non-governmental U Covidien ( formerly Tyco Healthcare, is one of the largest healthcare devices and supplies companies worldwide headquartered in Hamilton Bermuda although most Medtronic Inc ( based in Minneapolis Minnesota[http //wwwmedtronic Amgen Inc () is an international Biotechnology company headquartered in Thousand Oaks California. Lockheed Martin ( is a large multinational Aerospace manufacturer and advanced technology Company formed in 1995 by the merger of Celestial Seasonings is a tea company based in Boulder, Colorado, United States that specializes in Herbal tea but also sells Crispin Porter + Bogusky, a member of publicly-traded MDC Partners (MDCA is an advertising agency that currently employs around 700 people Polycom Inc is a manufacturer of Telepresence, Teleconferencing and Videoconferencing equipment The Regional Transportation District, or RTD was organized in 1969 and is the regional authority operating public transit services in eight of the twelve counties in the Denver-Aurora-Boulder Local routes run throughout the city. Routes such as the HOP, SKIP, BOUND, JUMP and DASH run on a frequent basis, with departures as frequent as every ten minutes during peak hours, Monday-Friday. Other routes, such as the 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208 and 209 serve the rest of the city, with departures every 15 to 30 minutes. Regional routes, traveling to nearby cities such as Longmont, Broomfield, and Denver, as well as Denver International Airport, are also available. Route, schedule and fare information is available on the Regional Transportation District's website at http://www.rtd-denver.com/, or by calling their Telephone Information Center at 303-299-6000.

Beginning in 2014, commuter rail will travel between Longmont, Boulder and Denver, with stops in major communities along the way. This commuter rail line is funded by FasTracks, a transit improvement plan funded by a 0. FasTracks is a twelve-year $79 billion (originally $47 billion Public transportation expansion plan for the Denver-Aurora and Boulder metropolitan 4% increase in the sales tax throughout the Denver metro area. Other corridors included in the plan include light rail and commuter rail to Denver International Airport, Golden, Thornton, Lakewood, and Aurora. RTD, the developer of FasTracks, and the City of Boulder are planning a transit-oriented development near the intersection of Pearl and 33rd Streets to accommodate a Boulder Fastracks station. The Regional Transportation District, or RTD was organized in 1969 and is the regional authority operating public transit services in eight of the twelve counties in the Denver-Aurora-Boulder The development may feature the relocated Boulder Railroad Depot, which may be returned to a transit-related use. The Boulder Railroad Depot is a retired train depot in Boulder Colorado.

Boulder also has an extensive network of bicycle and pedestrian pathways. In addition, over one hundred miles of hiking trails exist in the mountains west of Boulder

Growth management

Government preservation of open space around Boulder began with the Congress of the United States approving the allocation of 1,800 acres (7. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses 3 km²) of mountain backdrop/watershed extending from South Boulder Creek to Sunshine Canyon in 1899.

Since then, Boulder has adopted a policy of controlled urban expansion. In 1959, city voters approved the "Blue Line" city-charter amendment which restricted city water service to altitudes below 5750 feet, in an effort to protect the mountain backdrop from development. In 1967, city voters approved a dedicated sales tax for the acquisition of open space in an effort to contain urban sprawl. Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area In 1970, Boulder created a "comprehensive plan" that would dictate future zoning, transportation, and urban-planning decisions. Hoping to preserve residents' views of the mountains, in 1972, the city enacted an ordinance limiting the height of newly constructed buildings. A Historic-Preservation Code was passed in 1974, and a residential-growth management ordinance (the Danish Plan) in 1976. [27] [28]

Wildlife protection

The City of Boulder has created an Urban Wildlife Management Plan which sets policies for managing and protecting urban wildlife. [29] Also, the city's parks department has a Conservation Team which monitors parks (including wetlands, lakes, etc) to protect ecosystems. [30] From time to time, parks and hiking trails are closed to conserve or restore ecosystems. [31]

Traditionally, Boulder has avoided the use of chemical pesticides for controlling the insect population. A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. However, with the threat of West Nile Virus, the city began an integrative plan to control the mosquito population in 2003 that includes chemical pesticides. West Nile virus (or WNV is a Virus of the family Flaviviridae; part of the Japanese encephalitis (JE antigenic complex of viruses it is found in Residents can opt-out of the program by contacting the city and asking that their areas not be sprayed. [32]

Under Boulder law, extermination of prairie dogs requires a permit. The prairie dogs ( Cynomys) are small burrowing Rodents native to the Grasslands of North America [33]

Also in 2005, the city experimented with using goats for weed control in environmentally sensitive areas. The domestic goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat Domesticated from the Wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe Goats naturally consume diffuse knapweed and Canada thistle, and although the program was not as effective as it was hoped, goats will still be considered in the future weed control projects. Centaurea ( Cen-tau-ré-a) is a genus of about 350-500 Species Species in this genus include Centaurea adpressa [34]

Media

Boulder's main daily newspaper as of 2006, the Daily Camera, was started in 1880 as the Boulder Camera and became a daily newspaper the following year. The Daily Camera is a daily Newspaper in Boulder Colorado. Frederick P Colorado Daily was started in 1892 as a university newspaper for CU-Boulder. The Colorado Daily began as a student newspaper at the University of Colorado, but was banned from the campus in the spring of 1970 and became a community newspaper Following many heated controversies over Colorado Daily's political coverage, it severed its ties to the university in 1971. The Colorado Daily began as a student newspaper at the University of Colorado, but was banned from the campus in the spring of 1970 and became a community newspaper Newspaper conglomerate Scripps acquired the Colorado Daily in 2005 after its acquisition of the Camera in 1997, leaving the Boulder Weekly as the only locally owned newspaper in Boulder. The EW Scripps Company ( is an American Media conglomerate founded by Edward W The Colorado Daily began as a student newspaper at the University of Colorado, but was banned from the campus in the spring of 1970 and became a community newspaper Boulder Weekly is an alternative newsweekly that publishes every Thursday in Boulder Colo

Non-profit radio station KGNU was founded in 1975 and commercial music station KBCO in 1977. KGNU-FM (885 FM) is independent noncommercial community radio station broadcasting a Educational format KBCO (973 FM) is an Adult album alternative Radio station licensed to Boulder Colorado that serves the Denver - Boulder KVCU, better known as Radio 1190, is another non-profit radio station run with the help of university-student volunteers. KVCU AM-1190 popularly known as Radio 1190 is a College radio station affiliated with the University of Colorado at Boulder.

Boulder is part of the Denver market for television stations, and it also receives many radio stations based in Denver or Ft. Collins. The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States The City of Fort Collins, a Home Rule Municipality situated on the Cache la Poudre River along the Colorado Front Range, is the County seat

Paladin Press book/video publishers and Soldier of Fortune magazine both have their headquarters in Boulder. Paladin Press, is a book publishing firm founded in 1970 by Peder Lund and Robert K Soldier of Fortune magazine frequently abbreviated SOF, is a Periodical publication devoted to coverage of conflicts around the globe including [35][36] Paladin Press was founded in September 1970 by Peder Lund and Robert K. Brown. In 1974, Lund bought out Brown's share of the press, and Brown moved on to found Soldier of Fortune magazine the following year. [37]

Instituted in 1978, Boulder Magazine is a full-color, seasonal magazine that covers local events, outdoor activities and Boulder culture.

Boulder was one of the few cities in the U. S. to have a sustained underground (pirate) FM radio station. Called KBFR (Boulder Free Radio) it operated at 95. 3FM and streamed live on the internet at www. kbfr. org. It was operated from April of 2000 to Jan of 2005 when its founders, under pressure from the FCC, took it off the air. At its peak it had over 50 DJ's and was listened to regularly by a significant percentage of the Boulder population and had an international following via the Internet.

• #1 in "The Smartest Cities In America" - Forbes, February, 2008
• #1 in "20 Dream Towns" - Outside Magazine, August, 2006
• #3 in Top 10 Brainiest Small Cities - Bizjournals. com, June, 2006
• #1 Best of the Best - Men's Journal, April 2006
• #1 Place You Dream of Living - Backpacker Magazine, February, 2006
• Best Place in the Country for Singles (Denver-Boulder) - Forbes: 2006, 2004, 2003
• #1 Best Place to Live Successful Meetings: 2005
• The West’s Best City - Sunset Magazine: 2005
• #1 Best Places to Live - Men’s Journal Magazine: 2005, 2003
• #1 Top 20 Boom Towns - Business 2. 0: 2004
• Colorado’s Best Workplaces for Commuters - United States EPA: 2004
• The Best Small Cities - Men’s Journal: 2004
• Best Place to Move (Boulder-Longmont) - Worldwide ERC and Primacy Relocation: 2004
• Best Places to Retire - Money Magazine: 2002
• #4 Best Places for Businesses and Career Advancement - Forbes: 2000
• #1 Best Places to Retire - Modern Maturity: 2000
• America’s Best Places to Live and Work - USA Today: 1999
• Best Cities in America for Starting and Growing a Business - Inc. Magazine: 1999
• Best Transportation - Sunset Magazine: 1999
• Small City Runner Up: Best Places to Live 2000 - Money Magazine: 1999
• Top 10 Cities for Teens - Seventeen Magazine, 1999

People

Notable births in Boulder include: Scott Carpenter (Project Mercury astronaut), Arleigh Burke (United States Navy Admiral, Chief of Naval Operations), Kristin Davis (Sex and the City actress), Tony Boselli (five-time Pro Bowl offensive tackle), and Dead Kennedys frontman Jello Biafra. Malcolm Scott Carpenter (born May 1 1925 in Boulder Colorado) is a former Test pilot, Astronaut, and Aquanaut. An astronaut or cosmonaut (космона́вт) is a person trained Arleigh Albert Burke (19 October 1901&ndash1 January 1996 was an Admiral of the United States Navy who distinguished himself during World War II and the Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks of the highest Naval officers Organization of the CNO's Office The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations includes the Chief of Naval Operations the Vice Chief of Naval Operations, the Deputy Chiefs Kristin Landen Davis (also listed as Kristin Lee Davis; born February 23 or February 24, 1965 depending on the source is an American Sex and the City was an American Cable television program The original run of the show was broadcast on HBO from 1998 until 2004 for a Don Anthony "Tony" Boselli Jr (born April 17, 1972 in Boulder Colorado) is a former American football Offensive tackle In professional American football, the Pro Bowl is the All-star game of the National Football League (NFL Lineman in American football. (See also American and Canadian football position names. Dead Kennedys was an American Hardcore punk band from San Francisco, California. Eric Reed Boucher (born June 17, 1958) more widely known by the Stage name Jello Biafra, is a musician who first gained

Chief Niwot or Left Hand, a tribal leader of the Arapaho, lived at the site of Boulder. Chief Niwot or Left Hand (c 1825-1864 was a tribal leader of the Arapahoe people and played an important part in the history of Colorado The Arapaho (in French: Gens de Vache) tribe of Native Americans historically living on the eastern plains of Colorado and Wyoming He and many of his people died in the Sand Creek Massacre. The Sand Creek Massacre (also known as the Chivington massacre or the Battle of Sand Creek or the Massacre of Cheyenne Indians) was an incident in

Experimental filmmaker Stan Brakhage (d. Stan Brakhage ( January 14, 1933 – March 9, 2003) was an American non-narrative Filmmaker 2003) lived near Boulder from the mid-1960s until 2002, and taught several film courses at CU-Boulder. Allen Ginsberg (d. Irwin Allen Ginsberg (ˈgɪnzbɝg (June 3 1926 &ndash April 5 1997 was an American Poet. 1997) and Anne Waldman helped to found the Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics at Naropa University in Boulder. Anne Waldman (born April 2, 1945) is an American poet. Since the 1960s Waldman has been an active member of the “Outrider” experimental poetry community Naropa University is a private Liberal arts University in Boulder, Colorado, the United States, which was founded in 1974

George Gamow, theoretical physicist and cosmologist, discoverer of quantum tunnelling, worked at the University of Colorado at Boulder from 1956 until his death in 1968. George Gamow (pronounced as ˈgamof ( March 4, 1904 &ndash August 19, 1968), born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov (Георгий Антонович In Quantum mechanics, quantum tunnelling is a nanoscopic phenomenon in which a particle violates the principles of Classical mechanics by penetrating a The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University and was buried in Green Mountain Cemetery. The tallest building on the main campus of the University is named the Gamow Tower in his honor. In 1956, he was awarded the Kalinga Prize by UNESCO for his work in popularizing science with his Mr. Tompkins... series of books (1939–1967), One Two Three . The Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science is an Award given by UNESCO for exceptional skill in presenting scientific ideas to lay people. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 The eponymous character of Mr Tompkins appears in a series of books by the physicist George Gamow in which he aims to explain . . Infinity, and other works.

Notable Boulder residents include Albert Bartlett, emeritus professor of physics and frequent lecturer on the dangers of compound growth, and also one of the principal backers of the Blue Line [38] in the late 1950s. Albert A Bartlett is an emeritus Professor of Physics at the University of Colorado at Boulder, USA Boulder is also home to Paul Danish, author of the Danish Plan [39] of residential growth control and editor and publisher of the former weekly Boulder County newspaper Town and Country Review. Jon Krakauer, bestselling author, known for his Mount Everest exposé Into Thin Air, lives in Boulder. Jon Krakauer (born April 12, 1954) is an American writer and Mountaineer, well-known for outdoor and mountain-climbing writing Into Thin Air A Personal Account of the Mt Everest Disaster is a bestselling Non-fiction book written by Jon Krakauer.

Nobel prize winners and University professors Eric Cornell, and Thomas Cech live in Boulder. Eric Allin Cornell (born December 19, 1961) is a physicist who along with Carl E Thomas Robert Cech ( December 8, 1947 in Chicago) is a Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. John L. Hall, Nobel prize winner, NIST senior fellow and Lecturer at the University of Colorado lives in Boulder. John Lewis “Jan” Hall (born August 21 1934) is an American Physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics University professor Michael Tracey lives in Boulder. Tracey is an internationally recognized English born scholar and researcher with a specialty in Public broadcasting.

Jazz musician Chris Wood of Blue Note Records' Medeski, Martin and Wood grew up in Boulder. Christopher Barry Wood is an American bass player best known for playing with the avant-garde Jazz - Funk trio Medeski Martin & Wood. Medeski Martin & Wood (or MMW) is an American Jazz trio formed in 1991 consisting of John Medeski on keyboards and Piano Musician Stuart Davis, originally from Minnesota, lives in Boulder. Stuart Davis (born on January 11, 1971 in Des Moines, Iowa, U Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers Otis Taylor is a Boulder blues musician who plays electric banjo, a Grammy award winner. Otis Taylor (born July 30, 1948, Chicago, Illinois) is an African American Blues Musician.

Actress Jessica Biel from the TV show 7th Heaven was raised in Boulder. Jessica Claire Biel (born March 3, 1982) is an American actress and former model, who has appeared in several Hollywood 7th Heaven is an Emmy -nominated American drama television series, created and produced by Brenda Hampton Actress Sheryl Lee who is best known for playing the role of Laura Palmer in David Lynch's Twin Peaks was born in Boulder and began acting with a role in a Fairview High School play. Sheryl Lee (born April 22, 1967) is an American Actress. She came to international attention for her performances on the 1990 cult David Keith Lynch (born January 20 1946 is an American director, Screenwriter, producer, painter, Cartoonist, Composer Twin Peaks is a Television Serial drama that follows the investigation of the brutal murder of popular respected Teenager and homecoming queen Actresses Sheree J. Wilson and Joan Van Ark grew up in Boulder. Sheree J Wilson (born in Rochester Minnesota on December 12, 1958) is an American actress primarily known for her roles in Soap Joan Van Ark (born June 16, 1943) is an American Actress, most notable for her role as Valene Ewing on the hit TV series Dallas and

Boulder was also the home of JonBenét Ramsey when she was murdered, late on December 25 or early on December 26, in 1996. JonBenét Patricia Ramsey ( August 6, 1990 – December 26, 1996) was an American girl and child beauty pageant contestant made famous Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. The body of the six-year-old was found on December 26 in the basement of her home on 15th Street. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. So far, the case remains unsolved.

The professional wrestler Big Van Vader (Leon White) was born in Boulder, was an offensive lineman for the Colorado Buffaloes football team in the 1970s, [40] and sometimes wore a CU T-shirt when he came to the ring in street clothes. The University of Colorado at Boulder sponsors 16 varsity sports teams

Screenwriter and filmmaker John August (Go, Charlie's Angels) is also originally from Boulder, and often talks of it fondly on his blog.

Erin Viner (nee Luckow), Anchor / Correspondent for the IBA News English Television News from Israel, was raised in Boulder, and the Female President at Boulder High School. Erin delivered the keynote speech at the 2007 Boulder High Commencement Address (her 30th graduation anniversary), whereupon she delivered scathing commentary regarding the current controversy over the Bill O'Reilly / Dan Caplis condemnation of the World Conference of World Affairs.

Climate

Boulder lies in a wide basin beneath Flagstaff Mountain just a few miles east of the continental divide and about 30 miles west of Denver. The large Arapahoe glacier provides water for a number of mountain streams that pass through Boulder, including Boulder Creek, which flows through the center of the city. The climate in Boulder is typically mild with dry, moderate summers and relatively comfortable winters. The city boasts more than 300 sunny days each year. Nearby mountains shield Boulder from the most severe winter storms. Most precipitation occurs during the winter and spring months, with snowfall averaging 83. 1 inches. Boulder's winters are quite mild, and although large amounts of snow can fall, the effects of orographic lift usually dry out the air passing over the Front Range, shadowing the city from precipitation for much of the season. The coldest temperatures usually occur overnight due to Boulder's "High-Desert" climate. Additionally, warm chinook winds occur as air passing over the mountains heats as it descends, in addition to the sunshine, quickly melting snow accumulations and making Boulder's winters very mild.

Average Temperatures: January, High 46. 8°F; July, High 83. 2°F; annual average, 59. 8°F

Shopping

One of the most popular sections of Boulder that is home to numerous shops and restaurants is the famous Pearl Street Mall. Pearl Street Mall (also referred to as Pearl Street, Downtown Boulder or just simply Downtown) is a four block pedestrian mall in Boulder Colorado This four-block pedestrian mall is a social hotspot in Boulder, with dozens of restaurants of all kinds and specialty stores that include artisan shops and unique gadget shops. In the summer and on weekends, many street shows and acts can be found throughout the mall, along with street vendors and henna tattoo artists.

Boulder's traditional Downtown area, including the Pearl Street Mall, is in the western part of present-day Boulder. Pearl Street Mall (also referred to as Pearl Street, Downtown Boulder or just simply Downtown) is a four block pedestrian mall in Boulder Colorado During the 1950s and 1960s, the city grew to the east, while the west side was (and is) bounded by the mountain front. Downtown is host to a variety of restaurants, bars, and boutique stores. However, it has few grocery, hardware, or department stores and is therefore more of a "shopping destination" than a neighborhood with stores supporting the local population.

The Twenty Ninth Street retail district opened in October 2006, located in central Boulder on the site of the former Crossroads Mall, east of Downtown. Twenty Ninth Street is a retail district in Boulder Colorado (managed by The Macerich Company) that opened on October 13, 2006 on the former

Near the Pearl Street Mall the Farmers' Market opens every Saturday morning and Wednesday evening, April through October on 13th Street next to Central Park. Pearl Street Mall (also referred to as Pearl Street, Downtown Boulder or just simply Downtown) is a four block pedestrian mall in Boulder Colorado Farmers' markets, sometimes called greenmarkets, are Markets usually held out-of-doors in public spaces where Farmers can sell produce The market was started in 1986 by regional farmers. [41]

Sister cities

Boulder has six official sister cities:

• Dushanbe, Tajikistan
• Jalapa, Nicaragua
• Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
• Ciudad Mante, Mexico
• Yamagata, Japan
• Yateras, Cuba

Dushanbe presented its distinctive Dushanbe Tea House as a gift to Boulder in 1987. Sister Cities International is a Non-profit organization dedicated to promoting and fostering Town twinning, especially between cities in the United States Dushanbe (Душанбе Dushanbe; formerly Dyushambe or Stalinabad) population 661100 people (2006 census is the Capital and largest city Tajikistan (təˈdʒɪkɨstæn or /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/ Тоҷикистон tɔʤikɪsˈtɔn or, Persian تاجیکستان‎ taajikestaan officially the Republic of Jalapa is a Municipality in the Nueva Segovia Department of Nicaragua. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America Lhasa, ( in English l̥ʰásə or in Tibetan; Chinese: 拉萨 Pinyin: Lāsà sometimes spelled Lasa, is the administrative capital of the The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR also called Xizang Autonomous Region (བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས་ Wylie: Bod-rang-skyong-ljongs China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Mante formally Ciudad Mante is a city in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Yamagata (山形市 -shi lit mountain shape is the capital city of Yamagata Prefecture in Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Yateras is a municipality in the Guantánamo Province of Cuba. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la It was completed in Tajikistan in 1990, then shipped to Boulder where it was reassembled and opened to the public in 1998 [42]. More information about Boulder's sister city relationships can be found at Boulder's official website.

In popular culture

Boulder was a setting for Stephen King's book The Stand (1978). Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American Author, Screenwriter, Musician, Columnist, The Stand is a Post-apocalyptic horror / Science fiction Novel by Stephen King originally published in 1978 Boulder is the gathering point for the survivors of the superflu under their leader, Mother Abagail. King lived in Boulder for a little less than a year, beginning in the fall of 1974. [43] He wrote The Shining (1977) during this period, after visiting the Stanley Hotel in Estes Park (the inspiration for the fictional Overlook Hotel). The Shining (1977 is a horror Novel by American Author Stephen King. Stephen White has written a series of mystery books using Boulder as the primary backdrop, featuring lead character Alan Gregory. Marianne Wesson, an author and professor at the University of Colorado School of Law, has also set several of her mystery novels in Boulder.

The sitcom Mork & Mindy (1978–1982) was set in Boulder, with 1619 Pine St. Mork & Mindy is an American Sci-fi -based Sitcom broadcast from 1978 until 1982 on ABC. serving as the exterior shot of Mindy's home. The New York Deli, a real restaurant operating on the Pearl Street Mall until its closure in 1999, was also featured prominently in the show. Pearl Street Mall (also referred to as Pearl Street, Downtown Boulder or just simply Downtown) is a four block pedestrian mall in Boulder Colorado The creators of the animated show South Park (Trey Parker & Matt Stone) attended the University of Colorado at Boulder, which makes occasional appearances in South Park. South Park is an animated American television comedy series created and written by Trey Parker and Matt Stone for Comedy Central Randolph Severn "Trey" Parker III (born October 19, 1969) is an American Animator, Screenwriter, Film director Matthew Richard "Matt" Stone (born May 26, 1971) is an Academy Award - nominated Emmy Award - winning American Animator The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University

Some houses and the National Center for Atmospheric Research building overlooking the town were used in the filming of Woody Allen's Sleeper. The National Center for Atmospheric Research ( NCAR) is a non-governmental U Sleeper ( 1973) is a futuristic Science fiction Comedy Film, written by directed by and starring Woody Allen. The building of the First Christian Church of Boulder^[12] appeared in the exterior shot of the wedding scene in About Schmidt (2002), starring Jack Nicholson, although the interior shots were filmed elsewhere. About Schmidt is a 2002 American Film directed by Alexander Payne and starring Jack Nicholson as Warren Schmidt and The famous Pearl Street Mall was one location for the filming of the movie Catch and Release, starring Jennifer Garner. Pearl Street Mall (also referred to as Pearl Street, Downtown Boulder or just simply Downtown) is a four block pedestrian mall in Boulder Colorado Catch and Release is a Romantic comedy film released on January 26, 2007. Jennifer Garner Affleck This would involve changing both her last and middle names Houses around Boulder, as well as storefronts on "The Hill" (University Hill) were filmed for the movie.

Boulder particiapated in the Chatauqua movement in the 1920s. In 1968, Boulder became a hippie mecca with the popular culture moving from Berkeley CA to Boulder (and back). Numerous 60's music personalities have lived in or near Boulder. Celestial Seasonings Tea was founded and created in Boulder. Celestial Seasonings is a tea company based in Boulder, Colorado, United States that specializes in Herbal tea but also sells Boulder continues to be the home of innovative food companies. The made-for-TV movie "Perfect Murder, Perfect Town: JonBenét and the City of Boulder", based on the book of the same title, was released in 2000. It dramatized the investigation into the murder of JonBenét Ramsey. JonBenét Patricia Ramsey ( August 6, 1990 – December 26, 1996) was an American girl and child beauty pageant contestant made famous It was filmed on location in Boulder.

See also

• State of Colorado
  • Colorado cities and towns
    • Colorado municipalities
  • Colorado counties
    • Boulder County, Colorado
  • Colorado history
    • Arapaho
    • Cheyenne
    • Ute
    • Chief Niwot or Left Hand
    • Pike's Peak Gold Rush
  • Colorado metropolitan areas
    • Boulder Metropolitan Statistical Area
    • Denver-Aurora-Boulder Combined Statistical Area
    • North Central Colorado Urban Area
    • Front Range Urban Corridor
  • Colorado school districts
    • Boulder Valley School District
• United States Government
  • Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge
  • Roosevelt National Forest

References

External links

• City of Boulder website
  • CDOT map of the City of Boulder
• Boulder, Colorado
• Boulder History Museum
• A Brief History of Boulder County
• Climate information
• The Boulder Community Network serves all of Boulder County, Colorado. Boulder County is the sixth most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States. It is the second-oldest web-based community network in the world and went on-line on March 15, 1994. Community network is a term used broadly to indicate the use of networking technologies by and for a local community Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
• MahlerFest website
• bouldertankentai.com - Boulder Guide in Japanese
• DailyCamera.com - Local Newspaper
• ColoradoDaily.com - Local Newspaper

• Boulder, Colorado is at coordinates 40°01′03″N 105°16′47″W / 40.017624, -105.27966 (Boulder, Colorado)Coordinates: 40°01′03″N 105°16′47″W / 40.017624, -105.27966 (Boulder, Colorado)

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

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