| Composition | Elementary particle |
|---|---|
| Family | Fermion |
| Group | Quark |
| Generation | Third |
| Discovered | Leon M. Lederman et al. In Particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle not known to have substructure that is it is not known to be made In Particle physics, fermions are particles which obey Fermi-Dirac statistics; they are named after Enrico Fermi. In Physics, a quark (kwɔrk kwɑːk or kwɑːrk is a type of Subatomic particle. In Particle physics, a generation is a division of the Elementary particles Between generations particles differ only by their Mass. Leon Max Lederman (born July 15, 1922) is an American Experimental physicist and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for , 1977 |
| Mass | 4,200 MeV/c2 [1] |
| Electric charge | −1⁄3 e |
| Spin | 1⁄2 |
Flavour quantum numbers:
Combinations:
Related topics: |
The bottom quark is a third-generation quark with a charge of −1⁄3e. The elementary charge, usually denoted e, is the Electric charge carried by a single Proton, or equivalently the negative of the electric charge carried The elementary charge, usually denoted e, is the Electric charge carried by a single Proton, or equivalently the negative of the electric charge carried In Quantum mechanics, spin is a fundamental property of atomic nuclei, Hadrons and Elementary particles For particles with non-zero spin In Particle physics, flavour or flavor (see spelling differences) is a Quantum number of Elementary particles related to their Particle physics is a branch of Physics that studies the elementary constituents of Matter and Radiation, and the interactions between them Quantum numbers describe values of conserved numbers in the dynamics of the Quantum system. In High energy physics, the lepton number is the number of Leptons minus the number of antileptons In Particle physics, the baryon number is an approximate conserved Quantum number of a system The charm Quark is a second-generation quark with an electric charge of +(2/3 e. The top quark is the third- generation up-type Quark with a charge of +(2/3 e. In Physics, and specifically Particle physics, isospin ( isotopic spin, isobaric spin) is a Quantum number related to the The weak isospin in Particle physics is a quantum number relating to the Weak interaction, and parallels the idea of Isospin under the Strong Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some Subatomic particles which determines their Electromagnetic interaction. In Particle physics, the hypercharge (represented by Y) of a particle is related to the Strong interaction, and it should not be confused with similarly The weak hypercharge in Particle physics is a quantum number relating the Electrical charge and the third component of Weak isospin, and is similar In High energy physics, B−L (pronounced "bee minus ell" is the Baryon number minus the Lepton number. CPT symmetry is a fundamental symmetry of Physical laws under transformations that involve the inversions of charge, parity and In the Standard Model of Particle physics, the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix ( CKM matrix, quark mixing matrix, sometimes also called In Particle physics, CP violation is a violation of the postulated CP symmetry of the laws of physics A phenomenon is said to be chiral if it is not identical to its Mirror image (see Chirality) In Physics, a quark (kwɔrk kwɑːk or kwɑːrk is a type of Subatomic particle. The elementary charge, usually denoted e, is the Electric charge carried by a single Proton, or equivalently the negative of the electric charge carried Although all quarks are described in a similar way by the quantum chromodynamics, the bottom quark's large mass (around 4,200 MeV (a bit more than four times the mass of a proton), combined with low values of the CKM matrix elements Vub and Vcb, gives it a distinctive signature that makes it relatively easy to identify experimentally (using a technique called B-tagging). Quantum chromodynamics (abbreviated as QCD is a theory of the Strong interaction ( color force a Fundamental force describing the interactions of the The proton ( Greek πρῶτον / proton "first" is a Subatomic particle with an Electric charge of one positive In the Standard Model of Particle physics, the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix ( CKM matrix, quark mixing matrix, sometimes also called b-tagging is an example of a jet Flavor tagging method used in modern high energy Particle physics experiments Because three generations of quark are required for CP violation (see CKM matrix), mesons containing the bottom quark are the easiest particles to use to investigate the phenomenon; such experiments are being performed at BaBar and Belle. In Particle physics, CP violation is a violation of the postulated CP symmetry of the laws of physics In the Standard Model of Particle physics, the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix ( CKM matrix, quark mixing matrix, sometimes also called In Particle physics, a meson is a strongly interacting Boson &mdashthat is a Hadron with integer spin. The BaBar experiment is an international collaboration of more than 550 physicists and engineers studying the subatomic world at energy of approximately ten times the rest mass of a proton The Belle experiment is a Particle physics experiment conducted by the Belle Collaboration an international collaboration of more than 400 physicists and engineers investigating The bottom quark is also notable because it is a product in almost all top quark decays, and would be a frequent decay product for the hypothetical Higgs boson if it is sufficiently light. The top quark is the third- generation up-type Quark with a charge of +(2/3 e. The Higgs Boson is a hypothetical massive scalar Elementary particle predicted to exist by the Standard Model of Particle physics
The bottom quark was discovered by the E288 experiment at Fermilab in 1977 when collisions produced bottomonium[2]. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ( Fermilab) located in Batavia near Chicago, Illinois, is a U In Particle physics, quarkonium (pl quarkonia) designates a flavorless Meson whose constituents are a Quark and its own antiquark On its discovery, there were efforts to name it "beauty", paired along with "truth", but they came to be called "bottom" and "top" instead.
The bottom quark can decay into either an up or charm quark via the weak interaction. The weak interaction (often called the weak force or sometimes the weak nuclear force) is one of the four Fundamental interactions of nature Both these decays are suppressed by CKM matrix, making lifetimes of most bottom particles (~10−12 s) somewhat higher than those of charmed particles (several times 10−13 s), but lower than those of strange particles (~10−10–10−8 s).
Hadrons containing bottom quarks
Some of the hadrons containing bottom quarks include:
- B mesons contain a bottom quark (or its antiparticle) and an up or down quark. In Particle physics, a hadron ( from the ἁδρός hadrós, " stout, thick " ( B mesons are Pseudoscalar Mesons composed of a bottom Antiquark and either an up ( down ( strange ( or to most kinds of particles, there is an associated antiparticle with the same Mass and opposite Electric charge. The up quark is a particle described by the Standard Model theory of Physics. The down quark is a first-generation Quark with a charge of -(1/3 e.
- Bc and Bs mesons contain a bottom quark along with a charm quark or strange quark respectively. The charm Quark is a second-generation quark with an electric charge of +(2/3 e. The strange quark is a second- generation Quark with a charge of &minus(1/3 e and a strangeness of &minus1
- There are many bottomonium states, for example the Υ meson. In Particle physics, quarkonium (pl quarkonia) designates a flavorless Meson whose constituents are a Quark and its own antiquark The Upsilon particle ( is a flavorless Meson formed from a Bottom quark and its Antiparticle. These consist of a bottom quark and its antiparticle.
- Bottom baryons have been observed, and are named in analogy with strange baryons (e. Baryons are the family of Subatomic particles with a Baryon number of 1 g. Λ0b).
References
- ^ PDG—Quark masses
- ^ http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/cms/?pid=1000195 Discovery of the Bottom Quark
External links
Dictionary
bottom quark
-noun
- (physics) A quark having a fractional electric charge of -1/3 and a mass about 4,100 to 4,400 MeV. Symbol: b
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