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Composite body, painted, and glazed bottle. Dated 16th century. From Iran. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Composite body, painted, and glazed bottle. Dated 16th century. From Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Chinese ding-ware porcelain bottle (far left) with iron-tinted pigment under a transparent colorless glaze, 11th century, Song Dynasty
Chinese ding-ware porcelain bottle (far left) with iron-tinted pigment under a transparent colorless glaze, 11th century, Song Dynasty

A bottle is a container with a neck that is narrower than the body and a "mouth. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms " Bottles are often made of glass, clay, plastic or other impervious materials, and typically used to store liquids such as water, milk, soft drinks, beer, wine, blood, cooking oil, medicine, shampoo, ink. Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products Liquid is one of the principal States of matter. A liquid is a Fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. Soft drink is a beverage that does not contain Alcohol. Carbonated soft drinks are commonly known as soda soda pop pop, or Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products Cooking oil is purified Fat of Plant or Animal origin which is liquid at room temperature Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Shampoo is a Hair care product used for the removal of oils, dirt skin particles Dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that An ink is a Liquid containing various Pigments and/or Dyes used for coloring a surface to produce an Image, text, or A device applied in the bottling line to seal the mouth of a bottle is termed a bottle cap (external), or stopper (internal). Bottle caps, or Closures, are used to seal the openings of Bottles of many types A stopper is a truncated conical piece of Rubber, cork, Glass, or Plastic used to close off a Glass tube piece of Laboratory A bottle can also be sealed using induction sealing. Induction sealing, otherwise known as cap sealing is a non-contact method of heating a metallic disk to Hermetically seal the top of Plastic and Glass

The bottle has developed over millennia of use, with some of the earliest examples appearing in China, Phoenicia, Rome and Crete. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the The Chinese used bottles to store liquids.

In modern times for some bottles a legally mandated deposit is paid, which is refunded after returning the bottle to the retailer. Container deposit legislation are Laws passed by city state provincial or national governments that require that a deposit on carbonated, milk water or Alcoholic For other glass bottles there is often separate garbage collection for recycling. WASTE is a Peer-to-peer and Friend-to-friend protocol and software application developed by Justin Frankel at Nullsoft in 2003 that features Recycling involves processing used materials into new products in order to prevent the waste of potentially useful materials reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials reduce

Contents

History

Since prehistoric times, bottle containers were created from clay or asphaltum sealed woven containers. Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" Early glass bottle manufacture was conducted by the Phoenicians; specimens of Phoenician translucent and transparent glass bottles have been found in Cyprus and Rhodes generally varying in length from three to six inches. In Optics, transparency (also called pellucidity) is the Material property of allowing Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Rhodes (Ρόδος Ródos, ˈɾo̞ðo̞s Rodi ردوس Rodos; Ladino: Rodi or Rodes) is a Greek island [1] These Phoenician examples from the first millennium BC were thought to have been used for perfume. Perfume is a mixture of fragrant Essential oils and Aroma compounds Fixatives and Solvents used to give the human body animals objects and living [2] The Romans learned glass-making from the Phoenicians and produced many extant examples of fine glass bottles, mostly relatively small. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC

For wine

Main article: Wine bottle
Reusable glass milk bottles
Reusable glass milk bottles
Bottles of Wine
Bottles of Wine

The glass bottle was an important development in the history of wine, because, when combined with a high-quality stopper such as a cork, it allowed long-term aging of wine. A wine bottle is a Bottle used for holding wine generally made of Glass. A stopper is a truncated conical piece of Rubber, cork, Glass, or Plastic used to close off a Glass tube piece of Laboratory Cork material is a Prime-subset of generic cork tissue, harvested for commercial use primarily from the Cork Oak tree Quercus Ageing or aging (American English is the accumulation of changes in an organism Glass has all qualities required for long-term storage. It eventually gave rise to "château bottling," the practice where an estate's wine is put in bottle at the source, rather than by a merchant. Prior to this, wine would be sold by the barrel (and before that, the amphora) and put into bottles only at the merchant's shop, if at all. A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container traditionally made of Wood Staves and bound with Iron Hoops The An amphora (plural amphorae or amphoras) is a type of Ceramic Vase with two handles and a long neck narrower than the body This left a large and often abused opportunity for fraud and adulteration, as the consumer had to trust the merchant as to the contents. It is thought that most wine consumed outside of wine-producing regions had been tampered with in some way. This list of wine-producing regions catalogues significant Growing regions where Vineyards are planted Also, not all merchants were careful to avoid oxidation or contamination while bottling, leading to large bottle variation. Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state Bottle variation is the degree to which different Bottles nominally of the same Wine, taste and smell different Particularly in the case of port, certain conscientious merchants' bottling of old ports fetch higher prices even today. Port wine (also known as Vinho do Porto, Oporto, Porto, and often simply Port) is a Portuguese, Fortified To avoid these problems, most fine wine is bottled at the place of production (including all port, since 1974).

There are many sizes and shapes of bottles used for wine. Some of the known shapes:

Codd-neck bottles

A Codd bottle.
A Codd bottle.

In 1872, British soft drink maker Hiram Codd of Camberwell, south east London, designed and patented a bottle designed specifically for carbonated drinks. Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Hiram Codd ( 10 January 1838 - 18 February 1887) was an English engineer The Codd-neck bottle, as it was called, was designed and manufactured to enclose a marble and a rubber washer/gasket in the neck. A marble is a small spherical toy usually made from Glass, Clay, or Agate. A washer is a thin plate (typically disk-shaped with a hole (typically in the middle that is normally used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener. The bottles were filled upside down, and pressure of the gas in the bottle forced the marble against the washer, sealing in the carbonation. This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter The bottle was pinched into a special shape, as can be seen in the photo to the right, to provide a chamber into which the marble was pushed to open the bottle. This prevented the marble from blocking the neck as the drink was poured

Soon after its introduction, the bottle became extremely popular with the soft drink and brewing industries in mainly Europe, Asia and Australasia, though some alcohol drinkers disdained the use of the bottle. Brewing is the production of Alcoholic beverage and Alcohol fuel through fermentation. Australasia is a Region of Oceania: New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea, and neighbouring Islands in the Pacific In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon One etymology of the term codswallop originates from beer sold in Codd bottles. Etymology is the study of the History of Words &mdash when they entered a language from what source and how their form and meaning have changed over time The word codswallop, primarily a British English term meaning " Nonsense " is of uncertain origin [3]

The bottles were regularly produced for many decades, but gradually declined in usage. Since children smashed the bottles to retrieve the marbles, they are relatively rare and have become collector items; particularly in the UK. For the record label see Collectables Records For the Ashanti album see Collectables by Ashanti A collectable A cobalt coloured Codd bottle today fetches thousands of British pounds at auction. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency The Codd-neck design is still used for the Japanese soft drink Ramune and in the Indian drink called Banta. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Ramune is also a kind of hard white candy with a fizzy flavor and a flavor of gum India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Banta is a lemon-flavoured Drink popular in India. It is available in a Codd-neck bottle, a heavy glass bottle in which a round marble seals the

A plastic Lilt bottle
A plastic Lilt bottle

Plastic bottles

Plastic bottles (e. Lilt is a brand of Soft drink manufactured by The Coca Cola Company and sold in the United Kingdom, Gibraltar and Republic of Ireland A plastic bottle is a container constructed of Plastic, with a neck that is narrower than its body and an opening at the top g. two-liter) used for soft drinks can withstand typical internal carbonation pressures of 2–4 bar (30–60 psi. The two liter bottle is a common container for Soft drinks These bottles are produced from Polyethylene terephthalate, also known as PET plastic using ), because the plastic is strain oriented in the stretch blow molding manufacturing process. Blow molding (blow forming is a manufacturing process by which hollow Plastic parts are formed

Aluminum bottles

The aluminum beverage bottle, also known as a bottlecan, is made of recyclable aluminum. WikipediaNaming Beer, soft drinks, alternative beverages and wine have all been packaged in aluminum beverage bottles. CCL Container and Mistic Brands, Inc. , part of the Snapple Beverage Group, teamed up in 2002 for the national launch of Mistic RĒ. Snapple is a brand of iced tea and fruit drinks owned by Dr Pepper Snapple Group and based in Rye Brook New York. The result was a recyclable packaging innovation that utilized aluminum and plastic, leveraging the best properties of each in a practical, attractive and groundbreaking aluminum bottle with a resealable lug cap that fits snugly onto a unique plastic sleeve. The aluminum bottlecan is an ecological alternative to plastic bottles. Shaped similar to the traditional glass beverage bottle, the aluminum beverage bottle is available in a broad range of profiles, styles and configurations for commercial production. CCL Container, North America’s leading producer of impact-extruded aluminum packaging offers a variety of shapes, including “traditional,” “oval,” and “sport. ” Resealable lids are also available as a cap option. Some studies have concluded that aluminum provides for increased insulation keeping beverages cooler longer than glass.

Capsules

Some jars and bottles have a metal cap or cover called a capsule. They were historically made of lead, and protected the cork from being gnawed away by rodents or infested with cork weevil. Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Rodentia is an order of Mammals also known as rodents, characterised by two continuously-growing incisors in the upper and lower jaws which must Because of research showing that trace amounts of lead could remain on the lip of the bottle(NYT 2aug91), lead capsules (lead foil bottleneck wrappings) were slowly phased out, and by the 1990s(FDA 1992), most capsules were made of aluminum foil or plastic.

See also

References

  1. ^ Perrot and Chipiez, Histoire de l'art, v iii, 734-744
  2. ^ George Rawlinson, History of Phoenicia, 1889, Green Longmans publisher, 583 pages
  3. ^ UK word origins

External links

A bridge spouted vessel is a particular design of pitcher originating in antiquity there is typically a connecting element between the spout and filling aperture and the spout Bottling is when a concert audience throws various objects at the performers onstage Glass is common in everyday Life, from glass Windows to Glass containers The manufacture of Glass for everyday purposes may involve Reusing water bottles is the practice of refilling and Reuse of plastic or glass water bottles designed for one use with tap water for multiple uses The Bottle sling (or Jug sling) is a Knot which can be used to create a handle for a glass or ceramic container with a slippery narrow neck as long as the neck A bottle wall is a Wall made out of glass bottles and binding material

Dictionary

bottle

-noun

  1. A container, typically made of glass and having a tapered neck, used for holding liquids.
  2. The contents of such a container.
  3. A container with a rubber nipple used for giving liquids to infants
  4. (UK, informal) Nerve, courage.

-verb

  1. (transitive) To seal (a liquid) into a bottle for later consumption.
  2. (transitive, UK) To feed (an infant) baby formula.
  3. (UK, slang) To refrain from doing (something) at the last moment because of a sudden loss of courage.
  4. (UK, slang) To strike (someone) with a bottle.
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