The mouth of Botany Bay from the air

Botany Bay is a bay in Sydney, New South Wales, a few kilometres south of the Sydney central business district. Headlands and bays are two related features of the coastal environment Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 The Sydney Central business district (CBD and also referred to as the City) is the main commercial centre of Sydney, the capital of New Two runways of Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport extend into the bay. Sydney Airport (also known as Kingsford Smith International Airport), is located in the Sydney suburb of Mascot. Botany Bay was the site of James Cook's first landing of HMS Endeavour on the continent of Australia, after his extensive navigation of New Zealand. Captain James Cook FRS RN ( – 14 February 1779) was an English Explorer, Navigator and Construction The Endeavour was originally a merchant collier named Earl of Pembroke, launched in June 1764 from the coal and whaling port of Whitby in For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Later the British planned Botany Bay as the site for a penal colony. A penal colony is a Settlement used to detain Prisoners and generally use them for Penal labour in an economically underdeveloped part of the state's Out of these plans came the first European habitation of Australia at Sydney Cove. Sydney Cove is a small bay on the southern shore of Port Jackson (commonly but incorrectly called Sydney Harbour) on the coast of the state of New South

James Cook's visit

Bicentennial Monument at Botany Bay

Cook's landing marked the beginning of Britain's interest in Australia and in the eventual colonisation of this new Southern continent (Captain Cook's map of Botany Bay). The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 Colonisation (also known as Colonization) occurs whenever any one or more species populates a new area

Initially the name Stingray Bay or Stingray Harbour was used by Cook and other journal keepers on his expedition, for the stingrays they caught. Dasyatidae is a family of rays, cartilaginous marine Fishes related to Skates and Sharks Dasyatids are common in tropical That name was recorded on an Admiralty chart too. ^[1] Cook's log for 6 May 1770 records "The great quantity of these sort of fish found in this place occasioned my giving it the name of Stingrays Harbour". Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 1770 ( MDCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Friday However, in his journal (prepared later from his log), he changed to "The great quantity of plants Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander found in this place occasioned my giving it the Name of Botany Bay". Sir Joseph Banks 1st Baronet, GCB, PRS (13 February 1743 &ndash 19 June 1820 was an English naturalist, botanist and patron of Daniel Carlsson Solander or Daniel Charles Solander ( 19 February 1733 – 13 May 1782) was a Swedish Botanist ^[2] Initially the name Botanist Bay was also sometimes used.

First Fleet arrives

Black-eyed Sue and Sweet Poll of Plymouth, England mourning their lovers who are soon to be transported to Botany Bay, 1792

Captain Arthur Phillip led the First Fleet into the bay on 18 January 1788 to found a penal colony there. Admiral Arthur Phillip RN (11 October 1738 &ndash 31 August 1814 was a British naval Admiraland colonial administrator The First Fleet is the name given to the 11 Ships which sailed from Great Britain on 13 May 1787 to establish the first European colony in New South Wales. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1788 ( MDCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap A penal colony is a Settlement used to detain Prisoners and generally use them for Penal labour in an economically underdeveloped part of the state's Finding that the sandy infertile soil of the site in fact rendered it most unsuitable for settlement, Phillip decided instead to move to the excellent natural harbor of Port Jackson to the north. Port Jackson, containing Sydney Harbour, is the natural harbour of Sydney Australia On 26 January, while still anchored in the bay, the British encountered the French exploratory expedition of Jean-François de La Pérouse. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Jean François de Galaup comte de La Pérouse (23 August 1741&ndash1788? was a French Navy officer and Explorer whose expedition vanished in Oceania. Panicked by the thought that the French might beat them to it, the colonists sailed that afternoon to found a settlement at Sydney Cove. Sydney Cove is a small bay on the southern shore of Port Jackson (commonly but incorrectly called Sydney Harbour) on the coast of the state of New South

The good supply of fresh water in the area led to the expansion of its population in the 19th century. Freshwater is a word that refers to bodies of water such as Ponds lakes rivers and streams containing low concentrations of dissolved Salts and other Total dissolved The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar

Demographics

Aerial photo of Sydney showing Botany Bay in the foreground.

According to the most recent census, Botany Bay has a population of 35,897 (17,735 males and 18,162 females).

There were 558 people 1. 6% (274 males and 284 females) who identified as being of Indigenous origin. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. 22. 07% of residents are of Southern European descent (principally Italians and Greeks). The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Eastern/South East Asian and people from Indian subcontinent make 19. Asian or Asiatic is a Demonym for people from Asia. However the use of the term varies by country and person often referring to people from a particular This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. 24% of the population, followed by Middle Eastern and Northern African people at 7. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan 17% and Pacific Islanders at 2. The Australian label South Sea Islanders refers to the Australian descendants of people from the more than 80 islands in the Western Pacific including the Solomon Islands 72%. The three most common languages spoken at home other than English in the 2001 census were Greek 7. 4%, Chinese languages 5. 05% and Spanish 4. 5%.

The median weekly individual income for people aged 15 years and over in the 2001 census was $300-$399. 49. 8% of households have children and 3. 5% of the people were in group households.

Sydney Airport and Port Botany

Image of Sydney taken by NASA RS satellite. Botany Bay is the large inlet at bottom right.

Today, the Bay is one of the major industrial ports of the city. On the north side of the bay is Kingsford Smith International Airport, Australia's largest airport. Sydney Airport (also known as Kingsford Smith International Airport), is located in the Sydney suburb of Mascot. Land was reclaimed from the bay to extend its first north-south runway and build a second one parallel to it.

The land around the headlands of the bay is protected by the National Parks and Wildlife Service as Botany Bay National Park. Botany Bay National Park is a National park in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia located approximately 16 km south east of the Sydney central On the northern side of the mouth of the bay is the historic site of La Perouse and to the south is Kurnell. La Perouse is a Suburb in south-eastern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Kurnell is a Suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. On the southern side of the bay, a section of water has been fenced off under the authority of the National Parks and Wildlife Service at Towra Point for environmental conservation purposes. Towra Point Nature Reserve is a Nature reserve of in southern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Port Botany, to the east of the airport, was built in 1930 and is the largest container terminal in Sydney. Port Botany is a Suburb in south-eastern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A container terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipped between different transport vehicles for onward transportation

In popular culture

Despite the move, for many years afterward, the Australian penal colony would be referred to as "Botany Bay" in England - and in convict ballads such as Ireland's "The Fields of Athenry". England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world " The Fields of Athenry " is an Irish folk Ballad set during the Great Irish Famine (1845-1850 about a fictional man from near Athenry

A song named "Botany Bay" was performed in the 1890s, based on older tunes. Botany Bay is a song from the musical burlesque, Little Jack Sheppard, a comedy staged in London, England in 1885 and Melbourne, Australia

A song entitled "The Shores of Botany Bay" was written by Brian Warfield and recorded by The Wolfe Tones in the early 1970s. Brian Warfield is the Vocalist, Banjo, Harp and Bodhrán player as well as the lead songwriter with long-standing Irish band This satirical song deals with a group of Irishmen volunteering for the transportation process in the hopes of finding wealth in Australia.

Residences in Trinity College Dublin are named for Botany Bay as a tongue in cheek reference. Trinity College Dublin ( TCD; Irish Coláiste na Tríonóide Baile Átha Cliath; Latin: Collegium Sacrosanctae et Individuae Trinitatis Reginae Tongue-in-cheek is a term used to refer to humor in which a statement or an entire fictional work is not meant to be taken seriously but its lack of seriousness is subtle

In the Star Trek universe the S.S. Botany Bay is the ship that Khan and his genetically modified followers are discovered on by Captain James T. Kirk and crew. The SS Botany Bay is a spaceship in the Fictional universe of Star Trek.

References

Bibliography

Expédition à Botany Bay, La fondation de l'Australie coloniale, Watkin Tench, préface d'Isabelle Merle, 2006, Editions Anacharsis Le texte fondateur de l'Australie, Récit de voyage d'un capitaine de la First Fleet durant l'Expédition à Botany Bay [1]

See also

• Georges River