Boston (pronunciation ) is a town and small port in Lincolnshire, on the east coast of England. Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government Boston is a local government district with Borough status in Lincolnshire, England. Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one The East Midlands is one of the Regions of England and consists of most of the eastern half of the traditional region of the Midlands. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Peterborough postcode area, is a group of postal districts covering a large area in eastern England, including Peterborough and The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Lincolnshire Police is the Home Office police force covering the Non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire in the East Midlands of England The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Lincolnshire Fire and Rescue is the statutory Fire and Rescue service serving the county of Lincolnshire in the East Midlands Region of the The East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS is the NHS ambulance service serving the East Midlands region of England. East Midlands is a constituency of the European Parliament. It currently elects 6 MEPs using the D'Hondt method of Party-list proportional This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Boston and Skegness is a County constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a list of places in the ceremonial county of Lincolnshire, England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It is the largest town of the wider Borough of Boston local government district and has a total population of 35,124. Boston is a local government district with Borough status in Lincolnshire, England.
Boston's most notable landmark is The Stump, the parish church with one of the highest towers in England, visible in the flat lands of Lincolnshire for miles. The Boston parish church, known popularly as The Stump, in Boston Lincolnshire, UK is a Parish church dedicated to Saint Botolph Residents of Boston are known as "Bostonians". Emigrants sailing from Boston named several other settlements after the town, most notably Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
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History
Toponymy
The name "Boston" is said to be a contraction of "St Botolph's Town" or of "St Botolph's stone". Botolph, Botulph or Botulf (d c 680 was an English Abbot and Saint. However, fewer people now believe the story, still current, that a settlement in Boston dates from AD 654, when a Saxon monk named Botolph established a monastery on the banks of the River Witham. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south The River Witham is a River, almost entirely in county of Lincolnshire, in the east of England. One reason for doubting this is that in 654, the Witham did not flow near the site of Boston. (The early medieval geography of The Fens was much more fluid than it is today). The Fens, also known as the Fenland, is a geographic area in eastern England, in the United Kingdom. Botolph's establishment is most likely to have been in Suffolk. Botolph, Botulph or Botulf (d c 680 was an English Abbot and Saint. Suffolk (ˈsʌfək is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in East Anglia, England. However, he was a popular missionary, to whom many churches between Yorkshire and Sussex, including that of Boston, are dedicated. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. Sussex is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex.
Early history
The Domesday Book of 1086, does not mention Boston by name. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey However, the settlement of Skirbeck is covered as part of the very wealthy manor of Drayton. Skirbeck had two churches and one is likely to have been that dedicated to St Botolph, in what was consequently Botolph's town. Skirbeck (map), is now considered part of Boston, but the name remains as a church parish and as an electoral ward. A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district
The order of importance was the other way round when the Boston quarter of Skirbeck developed at the head of the Haven which lies under the present Market Place. The Haven is the Tidal river of the Port of Boston Lincolnshire in England. At that stage, The Haven was the tidal part of the stream, now represented by the Stone Bridge Drain (map), which carried the water from the East and West Fens. Characteristics A tide is a repeated cycle of sea level changes in the following stages Over several hours the water rises or advances up a beach in the flood The line of the road through Wide Bargate to the A52 and the A16 is likely to have developed on its marine silt levees. The A52 is a major road in the East Midlands, England. It runs east from the junction with the A53 at Newcastle-under-Lyme near Stoke-on-Trent The A16 road is a principal road of Lincolnshire in the east of England, connecting the port of Grimsby and Stamford, where it meets the It led as it does now, to the relatively high ground at Sibsey (map), thence to Lindsey. Lindsey was a unit of local government until 1974 in Lincolnshire, England, covering the northern part of the county
The reason for the original development of the town, away from the centre of Skirbeck was that Boston lay on the point where navigable tidal water was alongside the land route, which used the Devensian terminal moraine ridge at Sibsey, between the upland of East Lindsey and the three routes to the south of Boston:
- The coastal route, on the marine silts, crossed the mouth of Bicker Haven towards Spalding. "Last glacial" redirects here For the period of maximum glacier extent during this time see Last Glacial Maximum The last glacial period Moraine refers to any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions such as those Spalding is a Market town with a population of 30000 on the River Welland in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England.
- The Sleaford route into Kesteven passed via Swineshead (map) thence following the old course of the River Slea, on its marine silt levee. Sleaford is a town within the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The Parts of Kesteven are a traditional subdivision of Lincolnshire, England. Silt is Soil or rock derived Granular material of a Grain size between sand and clay Dike (constructionEmbankmentA levee, levée, dike (or dyke) embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial
- The Salters’ Way, route into Kesteven left Holland from Donington. Donington is a village lying eight miles north of the market town of Spalding Lincolnshire, on the A152 and bypassed by the A52. This route was much more thoroughly developed in the later Medieval period, by Bridge End Priory (map).
The River Witham seems to have joined The Haven after the flood of September, 1014, having abandoned the port of Drayton on what subsequently became known as Bicker Haven. The River Witham is a River, almost entirely in county of Lincolnshire, in the east of England. The predecessor of Ralph the Staller owned most of both Skirbeck and Drayton so it was a relatively simple task to transfer his business from Drayton but Domesday Book, of 1086 still records his source of income in Boston under the heading of Drayton, so Boston’s name is famously not mentioned. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey The Town Bridge still maintains the pre-flood route along the old Haven bank.
Growth
After the Norman Conquest, Ralph the Staller’s property was taken over by Count Alana. Ralph the Staller (or Radulf stalre (meaning Ralph the Constable) or Ralph the Englishman) (c It subsequently came to be attached to the Earldom of Richmond, Yorkshire and known as the Richmond Fee. Richmond is a Market town on the River Swale in North Yorkshire, England and is the administrative centre of the district of Richmondshire It lay on the left bank of The Haven.
During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Boston grew into a notable town and port. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo The quinzieme was a duty raised on the fifteenth part (6. 667%) of the value of merchants' moveable goods at the various trading towns of England. In 1204 when the merchants of London paid £836, those of Boston paid £780b.
Thus by the opening of the thirteenth century, it was already significant in trade with the continent of Europe and ranked as a port of the Hanseatic League. A continent is one of several large Landmasses on Earth. They are generally identified by Convention rather than any strict criteria with seven regions The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade It was one of the official "staple towns" of England, authorized to carry on the import and export trade. A staple port is a port designated by a government or monarch as a place where specific goods may be exported or imported Much of Boston's trade at this time was in wool, and Boston is said by the locals to have been built on it. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species Apart from wool, Boston also exported salt, produced locally on the Holland coast, grain, produced up-river and lead, produced in Derbyshire and brought via Lincoln, up-river. Sea salt, obtained by evaporating Seawater, is used in Cooking and Cosmetics. Holland is an area of south-east Lincolnshire, England. The name is still recognised locally and survives in the district of South Holland. Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly History The area that is now Derbyshire was first visited probably briefly by humans 200000 years ago during the Aveley Interglacial as evidenced by a Middle Lincoln (ˈlɪŋkən is a Cathedral city and County town of Lincolnshire, England. The wool export trade began to decline in the fifteenth century as the industry shifted to the value-adding business of weaving, which was conducted in other parts of the country, the Hansa merchants quit the town, and Boston's wealth declined. Value added refers to the additional value of a commodity over the cost of commodities used to produce it from the previous stage of production This article describes textile weaving For other senses of this word see Weaving (disambiguation.
In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries four orders of friars arrived in Boston: Dominicans, Franciscans, Carmelites, and Augustinians. A Friar is a member of one of the Mendicant orders. Friars and monks Friars differ from Monks in that they are called to a life of poverty in service The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic The Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel or Carmelites (sometimes simply Carmel by Synecdoche; Latin: Ordo fratrum Beatæ The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations As the English Reformation progressed, their friaries were closed by King Henry VIII. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of The refectory of the Dominican friary was eventually converted into a theatre in 1965, and now houses the Blackfriars Arts Centre. Trapeza redirects here for the prehistoric Greek settlement see Trapeza Crete. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Blackfriars Arts Centre is a theatre and community centre located in Boston England built on the site of a Mediaeval Friary.
The town received its charter from Henry VIII in 1545, and Boston had two Members of Parliament from 1552 but with The Haven silted, the town was then, rather living on memories. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament.
Seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
In 1607 a group of pilgrims from Nottinghamshire led by William Brewster and William Bradford attempted to escape pressure to conform with the teaching of the English church by going to The Netherlands from Boston. The Pilgrim Fathers Memorial, located on the north bank of The Haven at the site of the former Scotia Creek Fishtoft, seaward of Boston in Pilgrims, or Pilgrim Fathers (or Pilgrim Mothers) is a name commonly applied to the early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth Nottinghamshire (abbreviated Notts) is an English county in the East Midlands, which borders South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire Elder William Brewster (c 1566 - April 10, 1644) was a Pilgrim colonist leader and preacher who came from Scrooby, in north William Bradford ( March 19, 1590 – May 9, 1657) was a leader of the separatist settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands At that time unsanctioned emigration was illegal, and they were brought before the court in the Guildhall. The ancient Guildhall of St Mary 's Guild in Boston Lincolnshire, England was built around 1450. Most of the pilgrims were released fairly soon and the following year, set sail for The Netherlands, settling in Leiden. "Leyden" redirects here For other uses see Leyden (disambiguation. In 1620, several of these were among the group who moved to New England in the Mayflower. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the The Mayflower was the famous Ship that transported the English Separatists better known as the Pilgrims, from Southampton, England
Boston remained a hotbed of religious dissent. In 1612 John Cotton became the Vicar of St Botolph's and, although viewed askance by the Church of England for his non-conformist preaching, became responsible for a large increase in Church attendance. John Cotton ( December 4, 1585 &ndash December 23, 1652) was a highly regarded principal among the New England Puritan He encouraged those who disliked the lack of religious freedom in England to join the Massachusetts Bay Company, and later helped to found the city of Boston, Massachusetts (1630) which he was instrumental in naming. The Massachusetts Bay Colony (sometimes called the Massachusetts Bay Company, for the institution that founded it was an English settlement on the east coast of North America The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Unable to tolerate the religious situation any longer he eventually emigrated himself in 1633.
At the same time, work on draining the fens to the west of Boston was begun, a scheme which displeased many whose livelihoods were at risk. This and the religious friction put Boston into the parliamentarian camp in the Civil War which in England, began in 1642. " Roundheads " was the Nickname given to the Puritan supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. (One of the sources of livelihood obtained from the fen was fowling. The feathery aspect of this is still reflected in the bedding manufacturers, now in Skirbeck). The chief backer of the drainage locally, Lord Lindsey, was shot in the first battle and the fens returned to their accustomed dampness until after 1750. The Battle of Edgehill (or Edge Hill) was the first Pitched battle of the First English Civil War.
The later eighteenth century saw a revival when the Fens began to be effectively drained. The Act of Parliament permitting the embanking and straightening of the fenland Witham was dated 1762. An Act of Parliament is a Law enacted as Primary legislation by a national or sub-national Parliament. A sluice, called for in the Act was designed to help scour out The Haven. The land proved to be fertile, and Boston began exporting cereals to London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. In 1774 the first financial bank was opened, and in 1776 an Act of Parliament allowed watchmen to begin patrolling the streets at night. A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money
Modern history
In the nineteenth century, the names of Howden, a firm located near the Grand Sluice and Tuxford, near the Maud Foster Sluice, were respected among engineers for their steam road locomotives, threshing engines and the like. Howden is a small Market town and Civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Tuxford is a village and a Civil parish in the Bassetlaw district of Nottinghamshire, England. Howden developed his business from making steam engines for river boats while Tuxford began as a miller and millwright. His mill was once prominent near Skirbeck Church, just to the east of the Maud Foster Drain.
The railway reached the town in 1848 and briefly, it was on the main line from London to the North. The area between the Black Sluice and the railway station was mainly railway yard and the railway company's main depôt. The latter facility moved to Doncaster when the modern main line was opened. Doncaster is a large town in South Yorkshire, England and the principal settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster. Boston remained something of a local railway hub well into the twentieth century, moving the produce of the district and the trade of the dock, plus the excursion trade to Skegness and similar places. Skegness is a seaside town and Civil parish within the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. But it was much quieter by the time of the Beeching cuts of the 1960s. Richard Beeching Baron Beeching ( 21 April 1913 - 23 March 1985) commonly known as Doctor Beeching, was chairman of British
Boston once again became a significant port in trade and fishing when, in 1884, the new dock with its associated wharves on The Haven were constructed. A dock (from Dutch 'dok' is a man-made feature involved in the handling of boats or ships A wharf is a landing place or Pier where ships may tie up and load or unload It continued as a working port, exporting grain, fertilizer, and importing timber although much of the fishing trade was moved out in the inter-war period. The first cinema opened in 1910, and the town was used by film makers during the Second World War to represent The Netherlands when the real thing was not available for filming. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In 1913 a new Town Bridge was constructed. Central Park was purchased in 1919, and is now one of the focal points of the town. Electricity came to Boston during the early part of the century, and electrical street lighting was provided from 1924. A street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard or lamp standard, is a raised source of Light on the edge of a Road
The Haven Bridge, which now carries the two trunk roads over the river was opened in 1953 and the new road built in the early 1970s rather separated Skirbeck from Boston but the town largely avoided the development boom of the 1960s. More recently, the new shopping centre named the Pescod Centre opened in 2004, bringing many new shops into the town. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors Further development is planned.
The town is experiencing something of a boom at present. In Economics, the term boom and bust refers to the movement of an economy through Economic cycles. By the standards of recent decades, it has seen a large increase in immigration recently, most notably from Eastern Europe and Portugal. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. This has led to some social tension, which came to a head during the 2004 European Football Championship, when something akin to rioting[1] occurred briefly with windows being smashed and shops looted, police cars overturned and set alight. The 2004 UEFA European Football Championship (or just Euro 2004) was the twelfth edition of the UEFA European Football Championship, a quadrennial football Trouble once again erupted in the town, when England were knocked out of the 2006 world cup by Portugal, and there wer clashes between riot police and fans from England and Portugal. Some pubs and bars in the area were vandalised with windows being smashed and tables, chairs and glasses being thrown at rival fans, riot police and shops and bars. The local Portuguese bar called 'The Volunteer' was attacked by English youths, who threw missiles, smashed windows and were in possession of petrol bombs. The youths surrounded the bar and trapped the Portuguese supporters inside. Riot police broke the situation up soon after.
However, as a sea port and holder of trade fairs, the town was long accustomed to seamen from the Baltic, Hansa merchants and so on. Baltic Seven Islandsgif|right|thumb|330px|A contemporary transnational Euroregion encompasses the islands of the Baltic countries The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade After the surrounding land was drained, there were influxes of seasonal labourers from other parts of England, from Ireland or other parts of Europe. The term migrant worker has different official meanings and connotations in different parts of the world the United Nations' definition is very broad essentially including anyone Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world People occasionally became excited then too - the Hansa merchants finally left after one had been in a fight. But the fights are noticed because of their rarity.
Governance
Boston received its charter in 1545. It is the main settlement in the Boston local government district of Lincolnshire which includes the town of Boston and eighteen other civil parishes. Boston is a local government district with Borough status in Lincolnshire, England. Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. A civil parish in the United Kingdom is a unit of local government.
Boston is in the East Midlands European Parliament constituency, which elects six members. East Midlands is a constituency of the European Parliament. It currently elects 6 MEPs using the D'Hondt method of Party-list proportional Boston and Skegness parliament constituency of which the current member is Mark Simmonds. Boston and Skegness is a County constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Mark Jonathon Mortlock Simmonds (born 12 April 1964, Worksop) is a politician in the United Kingdom.
Electoral wards
- Central Ward elects one councillor. [1]
- Fenside Ward elects two councillors[2][3]
- North Ward elects two councillors 1 2.
- Pilgrim Ward elects one councillor.
- Skirbeck Ward elects three councillors 1 2 3.
- South Ward elects one councillor.
- Staniland North Ward elects one councillor.
- Staniland South Ward elects two councillors 1 2.
- West Ward elects one councillor.
- Witham Ward elects two councillors 1 2
In the local elections of 2007, many local councillors from the major parties were displaced by independent candidates whose main issue as a group is the construction of a road bypass which they believe is being deliberately denied by the Lincoln-centric members of Lincolnshire County Council. Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England.
Demography
Population
According to the 2001 census, there were 35,124 people residing in Boston town, of whom 48. 2% were male and 51. 8% were female. Children under five accounted for approximately 5% of the population. 23% of the resident population in Boston were of retirement age.
According to a Department of Health report published in October 2006, the population of Boston has the highest rate of obesity in England, with almost one in three residents clinically obese. However another survey into binge drinking released in 2007 showed that Boston had one of the lowest consumption rates of alcohol in the United Kingdom. Binge drinking is drinking certain beverages with the intention of becoming intoxicated In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
Religion
80% of the population are Christians, the next highest religious minority were Muslims making up 0. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion 4%. There are also small Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish and Sikh communities. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. 11% of the population claim no religion.
Landmarks
Some of the most interesting things to be seen in Boston lie not in the usual list of tourist features but in the area of civil engineering. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built However, there are remarkable sights of the more usual sort.
The medieval parish church, (dedicated to St Botolph) with its high tower, is known locally as "The (Boston) Stump". The Boston parish church, known popularly as The Stump, in Boston Lincolnshire, UK is a Parish church dedicated to Saint Botolph It can be seen for many miles around the town. Building on the current church began early in the fourteenth century, The building of the tower began around 1450 by excavation of a deep, wide hole. Archaeological records indicate that a wooden Norman church had existed on the site of the south aisle. For other buildings in Normandy see Architecture of Normandy. The internal space of the building is impressive but the added interest of the ceiling, windows reredos, choir stalls with their misericords, the optional climb up the tower steps and numerous other details make the place worth a trip. There are two common meanings of the word reredos. In general architecture the word can mean the back of an open hearth of a fireplace or a screen placed behind a table MisericordiaJPG|thumb|Misericord from Magdalen College Oxford. The pulpit, made in 1612 indicates the importance accorded to preaching in the time of the pilgrims. The furnishings of most English parish churches were destroyed or neglected in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries so it is not surprising to find that was so here, in the town of John Cotton but the end of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century were a high point in craftsmanship and it shows here. There is interest outside as well, look at the buttress on the south-west corner of the tower for a record of flooding.
While you are there, look up-river to the Grand Sluice. It is disguised by a railway bridge and a road bridge but it is there, twice a day keeping the tide out of the Fens and twice a day allowing the water from the upland to scour the Haven. Not far away in the opposite direction, was the boyhood home of John Foxe, the author of Foxe's Book of Martyrs. John Foxe (1517 &ndash April 18, 1587) martyrologist is remembered as the author of what is popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs The Book of Martyrs, by John Foxe, is an Apocalyptically oriented English Protestant account of the Persecutions of
The Town Bridge maintains the line of the road to Lindsey and from its western end, looking at the river side of the Exchange Building to the right, it is possible to see how the two ends of the building, founded on the natural levees of The Haven have stood firm while the middle has sunk into the infill of the former river.
The prison used to stand in the Market Place, by the church (see the photograph caption). The lawyers' quarter is still in use, just to the north of the church. On the site of the prison is a statue of the founder of the Illustrated London News, Herbert Ingram. The Illustrated London News was a Magazine founded by Herbert Ingram and his friend Mark Lemon, the editor of Punch Herbert Ingram (1811-1860 was the father of pictorial journalism through his founding of the Illustrated London News. The statue was designed by Alexander Munro and was unveiled in October 1862. The allegorical figure at the base of the monument is a reference to Ingram's efforts to bring the first piped water to the town. He was also instrumental in bringing the railways to Boston. Born in nearby Swineshead, he was also MP for Boston from 1856 until his death in a shipping accident on Lake Michigan in 1860. Swineshead is a village in Lincolnshire, England, around 7 miles west of Boston. Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States.
The market, held on Saturdays and Wednesdays in the Market Place and also on Wide Bargate on Wednesday, is a worthwhile experience. Market Place and Strait Bargate are the retail hub of the town centre. Coincidentally, No. 1 Market Place and No. 1 Strait Bargate are the same building, F. Hinds jewellers. F Hinds is a British jewellery Retailing chain, operating in England and Wales.
The seven-storeyed Maud Foster Tower Windmill, completed in 1819 by millwrights Norman & Smithson of Hull for Issac and Thomas Reckitt, is momentarily the tallest operating windmill in England (80ft/24. Maud Foster Windmill is a seven-storeyed and five-patentsailed windmill located on the Maud Foster Drain (16 Willoughby Rd Kingston upon Hull ( almost invariably referred A windmill is a machine that is powered by the energy of the wind 4 metres to the top of the cap) following extensive restoration during the 1980s and early 1990s and is now a working museum. A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the The tall mill without the usual tar coating in Lincs stands on the dyke above the drain it is named after and is unusual in having an odd number (five) of sails.
The Boston Guildhall in which the Pilgrim Fathers were tried, on the first floor, by the magistrates, was converted into a museum in 1929. A storey (spelled story in the USA only floor, deck or level is the level of a Building above (or below the Ground. A magistrate is a judicial officer In Common law systems a magistrate usually has limited authority to administer and enforce the Law. A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the The American Room was opened by the U.S. Ambassador, Joseph Kennedy, in 1938. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the An ambassador is the highest ranking Diplomat who represents their country Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy Sr (September 6 1888 &ndash November 18 1969 was a prominent American businessman and political figure and the father of U The cells in which the pilgrims are said to have been held at the time of their trial are on the ground floor. A storey (spelled story in the USA only floor, deck or level is the level of a Building above (or below the Ground. In 2005 it is closed for repair and refurbishment. - The Pilgrim Fathers Memorial is located on the north bank of The Haven a few miles outside the town. The Pilgrim Fathers Memorial, located on the north bank of The Haven at the site of the former Scotia Creek Fishtoft, seaward of Boston in It was here at Scotia Creek, that the pilgrims made their first attempt to leave for Holland in 1607. Holland is a region in the western part of the Netherlands. A maritime and economic power in the 17th century Holland today consists of the Dutch provinces of
In Skirbeck Quarter, on the right bank of The Haven, is the Black Sluice, the outfall of the South Forty-Foot Drain. An outfall is the discharge point of a waste stream into a body of water alternatively it may be the outlet of a River, drain or a Sewer where it discharges
The Prime Meridian passes through Boston, marked by the fairly modern, suburban Meridian Road (PE21 0NB) which straddles the line the road was named after. The Prime Meridian is the meridian (line of Longitude) at which longitude is defined to be 0°
The oldest landmark is the Boston May Fair which has been held in the town every year since at least 1125. This fair is held during the first week of May, and is one of the largest outdoor fairs in the country. By tradition, the fair is officially opened by the incumbent mayor at 11 am,(not any more) on the May Day bank holiday. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government May Day occurs on May 1 and refers to any of several Public holidays In many countries May Day is synonymous with International Workers' Day, or Labour A bank holiday is a Public holiday in the United Kingdom and also in the Republic of Ireland.
Freiston Shore is a nature reserve, and lies on The Wash coast north of the mouth of The Haven. The Wash is the square-mouthed Estuary on the northwest margin of East Anglia on the east coast of England, where Norfolk meets Lincolnshire
Local economy
There is a Tesco on New Hammond Beck Road, near Swineshead Road (A52) to the west of the town. Tesco plc is a British -based international grocery and general merchandising retail chain Swineshead is a village in Lincolnshire, England, around 7 miles west of Boston. There is an Asda on Sleaford Road (A52) close to the railway station. Asda is a United Kingdom Supermarket chain which retails food clothing and general merchandise Sleaford is a town within the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. Boston railway station serves the town of Boston in Lincolnshire. There are Co-ops on Argyle Street (A1137), on West Street and on Eastwood Road, heading east out of the town. Co-operative Group Limited, trading as The Co-operative Group, is a United Kingdom Consumers' co-operative, and one of the world's largest consumer-owned Wetherspoons have a pub, the Moon Under Water, close to the bridge over the river on the High Street. J D Wetherspoon plc (commonly referred to as Wetherspoons or Spoons) is a British Pub chain, founded by Tim Martin in 1979 Bingo is played at The Gliderdrome Bingo Hall, Boston's original bingo. The Gliderdrome was famous in the 1960s for attracting top Motown acts as well as various other artists including in the 1970s Marc Bolan & T-Rex and Elton John. It is one of the very few English venues that soul legend Otis Redding performed at. It still holds dances a few time each year.
A new shopping park has recently opened on Horncastle Road. This new development has brought several large companies to the town for the first time. TK Maxx, Bathstore, Netto, SportsDirect. TK Maxx is a chain of off-price Department stores in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and Germany. Bathstore is the largest specialist bathroom retailer in the UK. com and Gala Bingo which opened in January 2007. Gala Coral Group Ltd is a British betting shop bingo and Casino operator owned by Private equity houses Candover Investments, Cinven Dynamic Cassette International (Jet Tec) is one of the biggest manufacturing employers in the town. Dynamic Cassette International (DCI is an internationally-recognised Boston Lincolnshire, UK based Ink cartridge manufacturing company producing products
Sport
The Princess Royal Arena is located on The Boardsides, just outside Boston. This stadium is unique owing to its attention given to the disabled.
Football
The town has two non-league football clubs. The more senior Boston United, nickname The Pilgrims, who play in the Conference North. Boston United Football Club are a football club based in Boston, Lincolnshire, England. The Conference North (currently billed as Blue Square North for sponsorship reasons is a division of the Football Conference in England, taking its place The stadium is currently located on York Street in the centre of the town and has an approximate capacity of 6,200. The town's second club are Boston Town, nickname The Poachers, who play in the United Counties League. Boston Town FC are a football team in Boston Lincolnshire, England. Leagues Premier Division See also United Counties Football League Premier Division The United Counties Football League Premier Division is at Level 9 Home games are played at their stadium on Tattershall Road, on the outskirts of Boston. The two traditionally play each other at the beginning of each season.
Rugby
Boston Rugby Club is also located at the Princess Royal Arena. Boston Rugby Football Club is a Rugby union club from Boston Lincolnshire. The team play in blue shirts with narrow white stripes. It first started in 1927 by Ernst Clark, a gentleman with an interest in giving his boys and their friends something to do, or rather something to keep them out of trouble.
Rowing
Boston Rowing Club, near Carlton Road, hosts the annual Boston Rowing Marathon each year in mid-September. The Boston Rowing Marathon is an event taking place on the third Sunday of September annually in Lincolnshire, England. Crews from all over the UK compete, starting at Brayford Pool in Lincoln, finishing in times from three to six hours. The Brayford Pool is a natural Lake formed from a widening of the River Witham in the centre of the city of Lincoln in England.
Speedway
Speedway racing was staged at a stadium in New Hammond Beck Road in the 1970s and 1980s. The Boston Barracudas raced in the lower division. After attempts to secure a new venue failed in the 1990s a team, known as Boston, raced in the Conference League out of King's Lynn
Health
Boston has been shown to have the highest obesity rate of any town in the United Kingdom, with one-third of adults (31%) in the town considered clinically obese. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Six out of seven people fail to hit the target of three half-hour sessions a week of moderate intensity sport or active recreation. This obesity has been linked to social deprivation . [4]
Education
Secondary Schools
Boston Grammar School, an all male selective school, is on South End, near the John Adams Way (A52/A16), Geoff Moulder Leisure Centre and River Witham. Boston Grammar School is a selective school for boys aged 11 to 18 recently admitting girls aged 16 to 18 in Boston Lincolnshire. Its female analogue, Boston High School is on Spilsby Road (A16), in the north of the town next to the Pilgrim Hospital. These two are the only schools in the town to have sixth-forms, and they are both joining together in the near future. Haven High Technology College is on Marian Road to the north of the town. Prefects In year 11 students may wish to put there names down to become prefects Boston College is on Skirbeck Road. This article is about the Boston College in Lincolnshire England for the university in Boston Massachusetts USA see Boston College.
Kitwood Boys School and Kitwood Girls' School were both examples of the post war secondary modern system. Kitwood Boys School was a Secondary modern school for boys which began life in the early 1950s as part of the new Atlee Labour government's education programme (as Post-War is the fifth studio album by M Ward. It was released on August 22 2006 by Merge Records. A Secondary Modern School is a type of Secondary school that existed in most of the United Kingdom from 1944 until the early 1970s under the Tripartite System The boys' school located in Mill Road was closed in 1993 and now forms part of Boston College. The former girls' school has now become Haven High Technology College
Town twinning
Boston's twin towns include:
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See also
- Boston United F.C.,
- A selection of links to maps, satellite photographs etc to do with the vicinity of the site. Simply clicking your 'return' button will not bring you back to the Boston, Lincolnshire page. is a city located in Ishikawa, Japan. The city was founded on February 1, 2005 from the merger of the city of Matto with For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Boston United Football Club are a football club based in Boston, Lincolnshire, England. Click the little triangle alongside it and select 'Boston, Lincolnshire - Wikipedia, ' from the drop-down menu.
- Dynamic Cassette International
References
- ^ "Central Ward councillor 1", Boston. Dynamic Cassette International (DCI is an internationally-recognised Boston Lincolnshire, UK based Ink cartridge manufacturing company producing products gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-07-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off
- ^ "1 Fenside Ward councillor 1", Boston. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-07-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off
- ^ "2 Fenside Ward councillor 2", Boston. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-07-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off
- ^ Carter, Helen. "Lincolnshire: home of the porker?", The Guardian, October 12, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-07-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off
- Morris, J. ed. Domesday Book Vol. 31, Lincolnshire Parts 1 & 2. Chichester. (1986) ISBN 0-85033-598-1.
- Thompson, P. The History and Antiquities of Boston etc. Boston, London & Boston Mass. (1856). facsimile edn. (1997) ISBN 0-948639-20-2.
External links
Additional articles
Archival material
- This appears to have been lifted from a nineteenth century trade directory. It would therefore, itself be an historical text.
- Boston's entry in the Parliamentary Gazetteer of 1843-4
- The Parliamentary Boundary Commissioners’ Report on Boston Borough, 1831
Geography
- Boston, Lincolnshire is at coordinates
Local Newspaper
Organisations
- There is now an arts centre called The Haven. Citizendium (ˌsɪtɪˈzɛndiəm "the Citizens Compendium of everything" is an English-language Wiki -based free
- Victoria Group - Port of Boston
Special interest
Videos and Blogs
Footnotes
- Note a: Morris, J. (Domesday Book for Lincolnshire: Landowner 12 entry 67). The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey
- Note b: Thompson, P. Division VIII.
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