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Boris Nemtsov
Борис Немцов
Boris Nemtsov
Deputy Prime Minister of Russia
In office
March 17, 1997 – August 28, 1998
President Boris Yeltsin
Preceded by Vladimir Potanin
Succeeded by Yuri Maslyukov
Born October 9, 1959 (1959-10-09) (age 48)
Sochi, Russia
Political party Union of Right Forces

Boris Efimovich Nemtsov (Russian: Борис Ефимович Немцов) (born October 9, 1959) is a former Deputy Prime Minister of Russia, one of co-founders of the Russian political party Union of Right Forces, and an outspoken critic of President Vladimir Putin. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin () (1 February 1931 23 April 2007 was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 This article is about Vladimir Potanin For other uses see Potanin. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sochi (Сочи ˈsotɕɪ is a Russian Resort city, situated in Krasnodar Krai just north of the southern Russian border Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil was a Russian democratic opposition party associated Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil was a Russian democratic opposition party associated

Contents

Early life

Boris Nemtsov was born on October 9, 1959 in Sochi to a Jewish father and an ethnic Russian mother. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sochi (Сочи ˈsotɕɪ is a Russian Resort city, situated in Krasnodar Krai just north of the southern Russian border PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries From 1976 to 1981 he studied physics at Gorky State University, and in 1985 received a Ph. D. in Physics and Mathematics, defending his dissertation at the age of 25. Until 1990 Boris Nemtsov worked as a senior scientist at the Gorky Radio-Physics Research Institute (Горьковский научно-иссследовательский радиофизический институт, НИРФИ) [1].

In 1986, in the wake of the Chernobyl disaster, Nemtsov organized a protest movement in his hometown, which effectively prevented the construction of a new nuclear power plant in the region. In that same year attempted to register in the election to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies (Parliament) as an independent candidate, but was prevented from running by the Communist-controlled local electoral commission[1].

Political career

In 1989, Nemtsov decided to run for the Soviet Congress of People’s Deputies. He ran on a platform of reform, which for the time was quite radical; promoting ideas such as multi-party democracy and private enterprise [1]. He was unsuccessful in this election, but returned to run for the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Republic representing Gorky (later renamed Nizhny Novgorod) in 1990. Nizhny Novgorod (Ни́жний Но́вгород Nižnij Novgorod) colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest city in Russia This time around Nemtsov defeated the twelve other candidates in the election, most of who were members of the Communist Party nomenklatura (Chinayeva 1996, 36). A Political party described as a communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of Communism through a communist form of The nomenklatura were a small elite subset of the general population in the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries who held various key administrative positions In Parliament he joined the "Reform Coalition" and "Centre-Left" political groups[1].

In the Russian parliament, Nemtsov was on the legislative committee [1], working on agricultural reform and the liberalization of foreign trade. It was in this position that Nemtsov came to meet Boris Yeltsin who was impressed with the young man’s work (Chinayeva 1996, 36). During the 1991 attack on the government by those opposed to Yeltsin, Nemtsov was a vehement supporter of the president, and stood by him during the entire clash. After the events of October 1991, Nemtsov’s loyalty was rewarded with the position of presidential representative in his home region of Nizhinii Novgorod (Chinayeva 1996, 36).

In November 1991 Boris Nemtsov was appointed Governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region. He was re-elected in that position by popular vote in December 1995. His tenure was marked by the implementation of a wide-ranging, chaotic free market reform programme which earned the nickname "Laboratory of Reform" for Nihzhny Novgorod and resulted in significant economic growth for the region. Mr Nemtsov's reforms won praise from former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who visited Nizhny Novgorod in 1993 (Chinayeva 1996, 37). Margaret Hilda Thatcher Baroness Thatcher LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925

In December 1993 Boris Nemtsov was elected to the Federation Council, the upper house of the Russian Parliament. Federation Council of Russia (Сове́т Федера́ции Sovet Federatsii) is the Upper house of the During the election campaign he was backed by "Russia's Choice" and "Yabloko", which were then the principal liberal parties in the country. The Russian United Democratic Party Yabloko ( Russian: Российская объединённая демократическая партия "Яблоко"

In March 1997 Boris Nemtsov was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, with special responsibility for reform of the energy sector. He was widely popular with the public and appeared to be the lead candidate to become President of Russia in 2000. In the summer of 1997, opinion polls gave Mr Nemtsov over 50% support as a potential presidential candidate. His political career, however, suffered a blow in August 1998 following the crash of the Russian stock-market and the ensuing economic crisis. As a part of Chubais' economic team, Nemtsov was forced to resign his position of Deputy Prime Minister (Yeltsin 2000, 99). After the dismissal of Prime Minister Chernomyrdin in 1998, Nemtsov was reappointed by Yeltsin to his post of Deputy Prime Minister, but again resigned shortly after when Yeltsin dissolved the government (Radio Free Europe. org).

In August 1999 Boris Nemtsov became one of the co-founders of the Union of Right Forces, a new liberal-democratic coalition which received nearly 6 million votes, or 8. The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil was a Russian democratic opposition party associated 6%, in the parliamentary elections in December 1999. Mr Nemtsov himself was elected to the State Duma, or lower house of Parliament, and consequently became its Deputy Speaker in February 2000. The State Duma (Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma common abbreviation Госдума (Gosduma in the Russian Federation is the In May 2000, after the resignation of previous party leader Sergei Kiriyenko, Boris Nemtsov was elected leader of the Union of Right Forces and its parliamentary group in the State Duma. Sergei Vladilenovich Kiriyenko (Серге́й Владиле́нович Кирие́нко (born July 26, 1962) is a Russian politician The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil was a Russian democratic opposition party associated His position as party leader was confirmed at the Union of Right Forces congress in May 2001, where he was backed by over 70% of delegates. The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil was a Russian democratic opposition party associated In 2002 he took part in the negotations with the hostage-takers during the Moscow theater hostage crisis. The Moscow theater hostage crisis, also known as the 2002 Nord-Ost siege, was the seizure of a crowded Moscow Theatre on October 23

Between 2000 and 2003 Boris Nemtsov was in a difficult political position. While he vehemently opposed what he believed to be President Vladimir Putin's policies of rolling back democracy and civic freedoms in Russia, he had to collaborate with the powerful co-chairman of the Union of Right Forces, Anatoly Chubais, who favoured a more conciliatory line towards the Kremlin. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil was a Russian democratic opposition party associated Anatoly Borisovich Chubais (Анато́лий Бори́сович Чуба́йс (born June 16, 1955, Borisov, Belorussian SSR, Soviet As a consequence, the Union of Right Forces's message appeared muddled and confused, thus alienating many liberal voters. The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil was a Russian democratic opposition party associated In the parliamentary elections of December 2003 the Union of Right Forces, whose list was headed by both Nemtsov and Chubais, received just 2. The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil was a Russian democratic opposition party associated Anatoly Borisovich Chubais (Анато́лий Бори́сович Чуба́йс (born June 16, 1955, Borisov, Belorussian SSR, Soviet 4 million votes, or 4% of the total, thus falling short of the 5% thershold necessary to enter Parliament and losing all of its seats in the State Duma. The State Duma (Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma common abbreviation Госдума (Gosduma in the Russian Federation is the

Official results of the election were put in doubt by exit polls and the alternative vote-count conducted by independent election observers, which showed the Union of Right Forces at over 5% of the national vote and thus eligible for parliamentary seats. The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil was a Russian democratic opposition party associated Despite this, in January 2004 Boris Nemtsov formally resigned from the party leadership, accepting his responsibility for the election defeat.

Life after public office

In January 2004 Boris Nemtsov co-authored (with his longtime advisor and party colleague Vladimir V. Kara-Murza) an article entitled "Appeal to the Putinist Majority", warning of the dangers of the impending Putin dictatorship, which appeared in "Nezavisimaya Gazeta" newspaper. Vladimir V Kara-Murza (Russian Владимир Владимирович Кара-Мурза) (born 7 September 1981, Moscow) is a Russian Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia In that same month Mr Nemtsov co-founded the "Committee 2008", an umbrella group of the Russian opposition which also included Garry Kasparov, Vladimir Bukovsky and other prominent liberals. Committee 2008 is an umbrella organization of the Russian democratic opposition formed in January 2004 in response to what they saw as the growing authoritarianism of President Vladimir Garry Kasparov (Га́рри Ки́мович Каспа́ров) (born as Garry Kimovich Weinstein on April 13 1963 in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Vladimir Konstantinovich Bukovsky (Влади́мир Константи́нович Буко́вский b

In February of 2004, Nemtsov was appointed as a director of the Neftyanoi Bank, and Chairman of Neftyanoi Concern, the bank’s parent company (Nicholson, 9 December 2005). In December 2005, however, prosecutors announced that the bank would be subject to an investigation following allegations of money laundering and fraud. Nemtsov subsequently stepped down from both his positions in the company citing that he wanted to minimize the political fallout that may ensue because of his continuing involvement in Russian politics. Nemtsov also alleged that his bank might have been targeted because of his friendship and support of former Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov who has stated his intention to run for president in 2008 (Pronina, 20 December 2005). Mikhail Mikhailovich Kasyanov (Михаи́л Миха́йлович Касья́нов) - (born December 8 1957) was the Prime Minister of Russia

During the 2004 Ukrainian presidential elections, Nemtsov came out as a strong supporter of candidate and the ultimate winner Viktor Yushchenko, while the Russian government backed his opponent. Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko ( Ukrainian: Viktor Andrijovyč Juščenko) (born February 23 1954) is the third and current President of Shortly after the Orange Revolution, as the elections and series of protests in Ukraine came to be called, Yushchenko appointed Nemtsov as an economic advisor (Dow Jones International News, 14 February 2005). The Orange Revolution (Помаранчева революція Pomarancheva revolyutsiya) was a series of Protests and political events that took place in Ukraine Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Nemtsov’s main goal would be to improve business ties between Ukraine and Russia, which had been damaged after the Putin government strongly supported Yushchenko's opponent in the presidential election. Nevertheless, Yushchenko's selection of Nemtsov was controversial in Russia and Ukraine because he was considered one of the few remaining vocal critics of President Putin (Dow Jones International News, 3 June 2005). The relationship between Nemtsov and the Ukrainian government became unstable in mid- 2005, when a group of ultra nationalist legislators called for Yushchenko to fire his Russian advisor after accusations that Nemtsov had criticized Ukrainian cabinet decisions (Dow Jones International News, 3 Jun 2005). Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko ( Ukrainian: Viktor Andrijovyč Juščenko) (born February 23 1954) is the third and current President of Nemtsov remained as an economic advisor to Yushchenko, despite the criticism, until October 2006, when the office of the Ukrainian president announced that Nemtsov had been “relieved of his duties as a free lance presidential adviser. ” (RIAN- Events in Russia, 9 October 2006).

On November 25, 2007, Nemtsov was arrested by police during an unauthorized protest against President Putin, he told the press. [2] Nemtsov was released later that day.

On December 26, 2007, Nemtsov withdrew his candidacy for the 2008 presidential election, saying that he did not want to draw votes away from the other candidate of the "democratic opposition", Mikhail Kasyanov. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Russian Presidential election of 2008, held on March 2, 2008 resulted in the election of Dmitry Medvedev as the third President of Russia Mikhail Mikhailovich Kasyanov (Михаи́л Миха́йлович Касья́нов) - (born December 8 1957) was the Prime Minister of Russia [3]

Boris Nemtsov is married [4] and has three children. He remains a member of the federal political council of the Union of Right Forces and co-chairman of the "2008 Committee". The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil was a Russian democratic opposition party associated

Political views

From the time of his dismissal from the government, Nemtsov became an important actor in the political discourse and eventually in the opposition of the Russian government under Vladimir Putin. The Government of the Russian Federation (Прави́тельство Росси́йской Федера́ции is an executive governmental body that brings together the principal Nemtsov’s specific political beliefs have caused some to characterize him as a “new liberal” (Shlapentokh 1999, 1169). The “new liberals” can be differentiated from the so-called “old liberals” in Russia by their more hostile attitude towards the West. This group of political actors in Russia, of which Nemtsov was the main spokesperson, is characterized by “people’s capitalism,” a term coined by Boris Nemtsov himself. People’s capitalism still accepts the market and private property as the pillars of a new Russian society, but also “rejects belief that market forces are the only effective regulator of all spheres of economic and social life” (1998, 203).

Nemtsov further expanded on his political ideas in a 2000 article published by the Harvard International Review. In this work, Nemtsov outlined his prediction of the future of Russian society and government, arguing that it will likely take the “moderately optimistic” path, characterized by conservatism and moderately reactionary shifts, where some political freedoms may be restricted, but not a whole scale reversion to Soviet style government, which he sees as the pessimistic path. Nemtsov warns however, that this path would likely lead to economic stagnation (2000, 17). Nemtsov has also takes issue with the power and autonomy enjoyed by many of the governors of the Republics, equating them to “feudal princes” and suggesting a return to a structure that makes these leaders subject to federal control (2000, 21).

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Profile of Boris Nemtsov: Russia's newest first deputy premier", Jamestown Foundation Prism, April 18, 1997.  
  2. ^ "Nemtsov shortly detained by police.", Twitter BreakingNewsOn, November 25, 2007.  
  3. ^ "Nemtsov no longer presidential candidate", Pravda. ru, December 26, 2007.
  4. ^ WindowonEurasia: Window on Eurasia: Russia’s Islamic Leaders Back Putin, But Some Muslims Tear Down His Posters

External links

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