Bore, when used in the context of piston engines, is a measurement of the diameter of the holes bored into the engine block for use as cylinders. A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is a Heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating Pistons to convert A cylinder is the central working part of a Reciprocating engine, the space in which a Piston travels The ratio of stroke to bore is a major factor in defining the characteristics of an engine. A stroke is a single action of certain Engines In a steam, Otto or Diesel Piston Engine, a stroke is the action of Generally, bigger bore yields fast-revving engines with low rotational mass and therefore higher rev limits with later torque peaks and overall higher top end power at the expense of torque throughout the operating range. The vis insita or innate force of matter is a power of resisting by which every body as much as in it lies endeavors to preserve in its present state whether it be of rest or of moving A Rev limiter is a device fitted to an Internal combustion engine to restrict its maximum rotational speed. A torque (τ in Physics, also called a moment (of force is a pseudo- vector that measures the tendency of a force to rotate an object about Smaller bore with longer stroke tends to make higher torque engines with lower rev-limits, with the increased rotational mass leading to slower reving.

Engine displacement is calculated by:

$\mbox{displacement} = {\pi\over 4} \times \mbox{bore}^2 \times \mbox{stroke} \times \mbox{number of cylinders}$
Engine displacement is defined as the total Volume of air/fuel mixture an Engine can draw in during one complete engine cycle it is normally stated in Cubic
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