Ville de Bordeaux UNESCO World Heritage Site
City logo (traditional tri-crescent)	City coat of arms
Motto: Lilia sola regunt lunam undas castra leonem. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex "The fleur-de-lis alone rules over the moon, the waves, the castle, and the lion"
Location
Time Zone	CET (GMT +1)
Coordinates	44°50′19″N, 00°34′42″W
Administration
Country	France
Region	Aquitaine
Department	Gironde (33)
Intercommunality	Urban Community of Bordeaux
Mayor	Alain Juppé (UMP) (2008–2014)
City Statistics
Land area¹	49. The fleur-de-lys (or fleur-de-lis, plural fleurs-de-lis ˌfləː(rdəˈliː (ˌfləː(rdəˈlɪs in Quebec) translated from French as "lily A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, Aquitaine (Aquitània Akitania archaic Guyenne / Guienne (Occitan Guiana) is one of the 26 Regions of France, in the south-western part of In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Gironde (Gironda is a common name for the Gironde Estuary - sound where merge the mouths of the Garonne river and of the Dordogne river - and for The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. The Urban Community of Bordeaux ( French: Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux) also known by its French initials CUB, is the intercommunal A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Alain Marie Juppé (born 15 August 1945 is a French right-wing politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997 under President Jacques Chirac 36 km²
Population² (2007 estimate)	230,600
- Ranking	9th in France
- Density	4,658/km² (2008 estimate)
Urban Spread
Urban Area	1,057 km² (2007 estimate)
- Population	1,009,051 (2007 estimate)
Metro Area	3,875. As of January 1, 2008, 64473140 people live in the French Republic. This is a list of communes in France with a population over 20000 at the March 8 1999 census. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume In France an unité urbaine (literally "urban unit" is a statistical area defined by INSEE, the French national statistics office for the measurement of contiguously The aire urbaine is an INSEE (the national statistics office of France statistical region comprising a Couronne périurbaine commuter belt around a contiguous 2 km² (2007 estimate)
- Population	1200000 (5th in France) (2007 estimate)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open
2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once. C D E

Bordeaux (help·info) (Gascon: Bordèu) is a port city in southwest France, with one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area at a 2008 estimate. Gascon (Gascon; French,) is a dialect of the Occitan language. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The aire urbaine is an INSEE (the national statistics office of France statistical region comprising a Couronne périurbaine commuter belt around a contiguous It is the capital of the Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture of the Gironde department. Aquitaine (Aquitània Akitania archaic Guyenne / Guienne (Occitan Guiana) is one of the 26 Regions of France, in the south-western part of France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, A prefecture ( préfecture) in France can refer to: the Chef-lieu de département, the town in which the administration of a ''département'' Gironde (Gironda is a common name for the Gironde Estuary - sound where merge the mouths of the Garonne river and of the Dordogne river - and for In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Its inhabitants are called Bordelais.

The Bordeaux-Arcachon-Libourne metropolitan area, with a population of 1,200,000 inhabitants, is the fifth largest metropolitan area in France. Arcachon is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France. Libourne is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in southwestern France. The city is the world's wine industry capital. Bordeaux wine draws its name from the famous wine that has been produced in the region since the 8th century. A Bordeaux wine is any Wine produced in the Bordeaux region of France. The historic part of the city is on the UNESCO World Heritage List as "an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble" of the 18th century. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex ^[1] More recently, Bordeaux has become the center of Europe's space and aeronautics industries.

Contents 1 Geography 2 Demographics 3 History 4 Economy 4.1 Wine 4.2 Laser 4.3 Aeronautics 4.4 Tourism 4.5 Port 4.6 List of major companies in Bordeaux 5 Education 5.1 University 5.2 Schools 6 Main sights 6.1 Buildings 6.2 Museums 6.3 Shopping 7 Culture 7.1 Music 7.2 Media 7.2.1 Radio stations 7.2.2 Newspaper 7.2.3 TV 8 Transport 8.1 Road 8.2 Rail 8.3 Air 8.4 Trams, buses and boats 9 Sport 10 Miscellaneous 10.1 Births 11 Sister cities and partnerships 11.1 Sister cities 11.2 Partnerships 12 See also 13 References 14 External links

Geography

Bordeaux is located near the European Atlantic coast, in the southwest of France and in the north of the Aquitaine region. The city is built on a bend of the river Garonne, and is thus divided into two parts: the right bank to the East and left bank in the West. The Garonne (Garonne in Occitan, Catalan and Spanish: Garona; Garumna is a River in southwest France and northern Historically, the left bank is the more developed. In Bordeaux, the Garonne River is accessible to ocean liners. The Garonne (Garonne in Occitan, Catalan and Spanish: Garona; Garumna is a River in southwest France and northern

Demographics

At the 1999 census, there were 215 363 inhabitants in the city (commune) of Bordeaux, and the 2005 census showed a significant increase, this figure reaching 230 600 inhabitants. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. In 2007, there were 925 000 inhabitants in the Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux and 1. The Urban Community of Bordeaux ( French: Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux) also known by its French initials CUB, is the intercommunal 2 Million in the Bordeaux Arcachon Libourne urban body. The city contains a diverse range of people. Much of the population is French, but there are sizeable groups of Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Germans and North Africans. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The metropolis has developed rapidly over the last decades and is facing urban sprawl.

History

Between 30,000 and 200,000 years ago the area of Bordeaux was inhabited by the Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, whose remains have been found at a famous cave known as Pair-non-Pair, near Bourg sur Gironde, just north of Bordeaux. The Neanderthal (neɪˈændərtɑːl also with /niː-/ and /-θɔːl/ or Neandertal, is an extinct member of the Homo genus that is known from

In historical times, around 300 BC it was the settlement of a Celtic tribe, the Bituriges Vivisci, who named the town Burdigala, probably of Aquitainian origin. This is a list of Celtic tribes and associated Celtic peoples with their geographical localization The name Bourde is still the name of a river south of the city. The city fell under Roman rule around 60 BC, its importance lying in the commerce of Tin and Lead towards Rome. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Later it became capital of Roman Aquitaine, flourishing especially during the Severan dynasty (3rd century). In 276 it was sacked by the Vandals. Further ravage was brought by the same Vandals in 409, the Visigoths in 414 and the Franks in 498, beginning a period of obscurity for the city. The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group

In the late sixth century, the city reemerged as the seat of a county and an archdiocese within the Merovingian kingdom of the Franks. The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin Francia or Frankia, later also called the Frankish Empire (imperium Francorum Frankish Kingdom (Latin regnum Francorum, "Kingdom of the The city fell into obscurity as royal power waned in southern Gaul in the late seventh century. The city was plundered by the troops of Abd er Rahman in 732, after he had defeated Duke Eudes and before he was killed during the Battle of Tours on October 10. Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi (died 732 Arabic: عبد الرحمن الغافقي) also known as Abd er Rahman, Abdderrahman, Abderame For the later duke of Aquitaine and also Gascony with the same name see Odo of Gascony. The Battle of Tours (October 10 732 also called the Battle of Poitiers and in معركة بلاط الشهداء (ma‘arakat Balâṭ ash-Shuhadâ’ Battle of Court Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Under the Carolingians were appointed a series of Counts of Bordeaux who served to defend the mouth of the Garonne from the Vikings. The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the The Count of Bordeaux or comes Burdagalensis was the ruler of the city of Bordeaux and its environs in the Merovingian and Carolingian The Garonne (Garonne in Occitan, Catalan and Spanish: Garona; Garumna is a River in southwest France and northern A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Eventually, the city was inherited by the Dukes of Gascony in the late tenth century. The Duchy of Vasconia (sometimes Wasconia) later known as Gascony, was a Merovingian creation a frontier duchy on the

From the 12th to the 15th century, Bordeaux regained importance as part of the English realm, following the marriage of Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine with the French-speaking Count Henri Plantagenet, born in Le Mans, who became, within months of their wedding, King Henry II of England. The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally For other Eleanors of England see Eleanor of England (disambiguation Eleanor Duchess of Aquitaine (1122&ndash1 April 1204 Le Mans (ləmɑ̃ in French) is a city in France, located on the Sarthe River. The city flourished, primarily due to wine trade, and the cathedral of St. André was built. Bordeaux Cathedral ( Cathédrale Saint-André de Bordeaux) is a Catholic Cathedral, seat of the Archbishop of Bordeaux-Bazas, located in It was also the capital of an independent state under Edward, the Black Prince (1362-1372), but in the end, after the Battle of Castillon (1453) it was annexed by France which extended its territory. Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, KG (15 June 1330 – 8 June 1376 popularly known as The Black Prince, was the eldest son of King Edward The Battle of Castillon of 1453 was the last battle fought between the French and the English during the Hundred Years' War. The Château Trompette (Trumpet Castle) and the Fort du Hâ, built by Charles VII of France, were the symbols of the new domination, which however deprived the city of its richness by halting the wine commerce with England. Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461 called the Victorious (le Victorieux or the Well-Served (le Bien-Servi was King of France from 1422 In 1462 Bordeaux obtained a parliament, but regained importance only in the 16th century when it become a centre of distribution of sugar and slaves from West Indies along with the traditional wine. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting

Bordeaux adhered to the Fronde, being effectively annexed to the Kingdom of France only in 1653 when Louis XIV entered in the city. La Fronde (1648–1653 was a Civil war in France, occurring in the midst of the Franco-Spanish War, which had begun in 1635 Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent

The 18th century was the golden age of Bordeaux. Many downtown buildings (about 5,000), including those on the quays, are from this period. Victor Hugo found the town so beautiful he once said: "take Versailles, add Antwerp, and you have Bordeaux". Victor-Marie Hugo ( ( February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French Poet, Playwright, Novelist Versailles (vɛʀsaj in French) formerly de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the Baron Haussmann, a long-time prefect of Bordeaux, used Bordeaux's 18th century big-scale rebuilding as a model when he was asked by Emperor Napoleon III to transform a then still quasi-medieval Paris into a "modern" capital that would make France proud. Georges-Eugène Haussmann ( March 27, 1809 &ndash January 11, 1891) who called himself Baron Haussmann, was a French Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President

The French government withdrew to the city during the wars of 1870, World War I and World War II. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including . . . . ???

Economy

Wine

Main article: Bordeaux wine

Bordeaux has about 117,000 hectares of vineyards, 57 appellations, 9,000 wine-producing châteaux, 13,000 grape growers, 400 traders and sales of 14. A Bordeaux wine is any Wine produced in the Bordeaux region of France. A vineyard is a Plantation of Grape -bearing Vines grown mainly for Winemaking, but also Raisins Table grapes and non-alcoholic 5 billion euros annually. With an annual production of over 700 million bottles, Bordeaux produces large quantities of everyday wine as well as some of the most expensive wines in the world. Included among the latter are the area's five 'premier cru' (first growth) red wines (four from Médoc and one, Chateau Haut-Brion, from Graves), established by the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855: The first growths are:

• Château Lafite-Rothschild
• Château Margaux
• Château Latour
• Château Haut-Brion
• Château Mouton-Rothschild^*

^*In 1855 Mouton-Rothschild was ranked a Second Growth. First Growth (Premier Cru status refers to a classification of Wines primarily from the Bordeaux region of France For the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris, Emperor Napoleon III requested a classification system for France 's best Bordeaux wines which were to be on Château Lafite Rothschild is a wine estate in France owned by members of the Rothschild banking family of France The vineyard of Château Margaux is one of four wines to achieve First Growth status in the 1855 Bordeaux Classification because of its high price Château Latour is a French Wine estate rated as a First Growth under the 1855 Bordeaux Classification. Château Haut-Brion is a First Growth in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Château Mouton Rothschild is a wine estate located in the village of Pauillac in the Médoc, 50 km (30 mi north-west of the city of Bordeaux In 1973 it was elevated to First Growth status. ^[2]

Both red and white wines are made in Bordeaux. Red Bordeaux is called claret in the United Kingdom. Claret is a name used in English, primarily in Britain, for red Wine from the Bordeaux region of France. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Red wines are generally made from a blend of grapes, and may be made from Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Malbec, and, less commonly in recent years, Carmenere. Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red Wine grape varieties. Merlot ('MERL-oh' in British English mer-LOH in American English and standard French is a red Wine Grape that is used as both a blending grape and for Cabernet Franc is one of the major varieties of red Wine Grape in Bordeaux Petit verdot is a variety of red Wine Grape, principally used in classic Bordeaux blends Malbec is a variety of Grape used in making Red wine. The grapes tend to have an inky dark colour and robust Tannins Long known as one of the The Carmenère grape is a Wine Grape variety originally planted in the Médoc region of Bordeaux, France, where it was used to White Bordeaux is made from Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, and Muscadelle. Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned Grape variety which originates from the Bordeaux region of France. Sémillon is a golden-skinned Grape used to make dry and sweet white Wines most notably in France and Australia. Muscadelle is a white Wine Grape. It has a simple aroma of grape juice and raisins like grapes of the Muscat family of grapes but it is unrelated Sauternes is a subregion of Graves known for its intensely sweet, white, dessert wines such as Château d'Yquem. Sauternes is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in southwestern France. Dessert wines (or pudding wines BrE) are sweet Wines typically served with Dessert, such as Sauternes and Tokaji Château d'Yquem is a Premier Cru Supérieur ( Fr "Great First Growth" or "Great First Vintage" Wine from the

Because of the wine glut (wine lake), the price squeeze caused by increasingly strong international competition, and vine pull schemes, the number of growers has recently dropped from 14,000 and the area under vine has also decreased significantly. The wine lake refers to the continuing surplus of Wine over demand (glut produced in the European Union. Vine pull schemes are programs whereby Grape growers receive a financial incentive to pull up their grape Vines a process known as arrachage in French

Laser

The Laser Megajoule will be one of the most powerful lasers in the world, allowing fundamental research and the development of the lasers and plasmas technologies. Laser Mégajoule ( LMJ) is an experimental Inertial confinement fusion (ICF device being built in France by the French nuclear science directorate This project, carried by the French Ministry of Defence, involves an investment of 2 billion euros. In 2009, the 600 experiments programmed each year with the Laser Mégajoule will begin. The "Road of the lasers", a major project of regional planning for the optical and lasers industries, will be born. Therefore, the area of Bordeaux will shelter the most important concentration of optical and laser experts in Europe.

Aeronautics

20 000 people work for the aeronautic industry in Bordeaux. The city has some of the biggest companies including Dassault, EADS Sogerma, Snecma, Thales, SNPE, and others. Dassault Aviation is a French aircraft manufacturer of military, regional and business jets, a subsidiary of EADS Sogerma is a part of the division Airbus of EADS. It is engaged in the manufacture and development of aerostructures cabin interior layout Airline seats Snecma is a major French manufacturer of engines for commercial and military aircraft and for space vehicles The Thales Group ( is a French Electronics company delivering mission-critical information systems and services for the Aerospace, Defense The Dassault Falcon private jets are built there as well as the military aircraft Rafale and Mirage 2000, the A380 cockpit, the boosters of Ariane 5, and the M51 SLBM missile. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Ariane 5 is a European Expendable launch The M51 SLBM is the French Navy 's future Submarine launched ballistic missile, designed to replace the M45 SLBM (In French terminology the MSBS

Tourism

There is much tourism in the great city of Bordeaux centered around the city's wine making.

Port

The port lies on the Atlantic ocean and the Gironde estuary. The Gironde is a navigable Estuary (often falsely referred to as a River) in southwest France and is formed from the meeting of the rivers Dordogne Almost 9 million tons of goods arrive and leave each year. The Port is a nice area to sit and relax, a good place to tour if ever visiting.

List of major companies in Bordeaux

This list includes both companies based in Bordeaux and outside companies with major operations in the city.

• Arena
• CDiscount
• Dassault
• EADS composites
• EADS Sogerma
• EADS Space Transportation
• Ford
• In-Fusio
• Lectra
• LU
• Marie Brizard
• McKesson
• Oxbow
• Ricard
• Sanofi Aventis
• SMURFIT
• SNECMA
• SNPE
• Solectron
• Thales Group
• William Pitters

Education

University

Main article: University of Bordeaux

The university was created by the archbishop Pey Berland and was abolished in 1793, during the French Revolution, before reappearing in 1808 with Napoleon I. Arena is a Brand of Competitive swimwear created in 1973 at Adidas France by its president Horst Dassler. Dassault Group, (GIMD Groupe Dassault or the Groupe Industriel Marcel Dassault S The European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS NV ( EADS) is a large European aerospace corporation formed by the merger on July 10, Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following Oxbow is a French manufacturer of sports clothing and accessories Pernod Ricard ( is a French company that produces Alcoholic beverages The company's most famous products Pernod Anise and Ricard Pastis, are Sanofi-Aventis () headquartered in Paris, France, is a multinational pharmaceutical company Snecma is a major French manufacturer of engines for commercial and military aircraft and for space vehicles Solectron Corporation was a global electronics manufacturing company for Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs The Thales Group ( is a French Electronics company delivering mission-critical information systems and services for the Aerospace, Defense University of Bordeaux can refer to one or all of the four Universities in Bordeaux each of which covers a different field of study University Blessed Pey Berland (or Peyberland, from Pierre Berland; c 1380 &ndash January 1458 was the Archbishop of Bordeaux from 1430 until his abdication Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Bordeaux accommodates approximately 70,000 students on one of the largest campuses of Europe (235 ha) The University of Bordeaux is divided into four:

• The University Bordeaux 1 (Physical sciences and Technologies), 10,693 students in 2002
• The University Bordeaux 2 (Medicine and Life sciences), 15,038 students in 2002
• The University Bordeaux 3 (Liberal Arts, Humanities, Languages), 14,785 students in 2002
• The University Bordeaux 4 (Law, Economy and Management). 12,556 students in 2002

Schools

Bordeaux has numerous public and private schools offering undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

Engineering schools:

• École nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers
• École d'ingénieurs en modélisation mathématique et mécanique
• École nationale supérieure d'électronique, informatique, radiocommunications de Bordeaux
• École supérieure de technologie des biomolécules de Bordeaux
• École nationale d'ingénieurs des travaux agricoles de Bordeaux
• École nationale supérieure de chimie et physique de Bordeaux
• Institut des sciences et techniques des aliments de Bordeaux
• Institut de cognitique
• École supérieure d'informatique
• École privée des sciences informatiques

Business and management schools:

• IUT Techniques de Commercialisation of Bordeaux (Business School)
• Bordeaux école de management (Bordeaux Management school)
• EBP International
• Institut des hautes études économiques et commerciales
• École de commerce européenne

Other:

• Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux (Institute of political sciences)
• École nationale de la magistrature (National school for Magistrate)
• École du service de santé des armées
• École d'architecture et de paysage de Bordeaux
• École des beaux-arts de Bordeaux
• École française des attachés de presse et des professionels de la communication (EFAP)
• Conservatoire national des arts et métiers d'Aquitaine (CNAM)

Main sights

Bordeaux is classified "City of Art and History". The city has been inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List as "an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble". A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex

Bordeaux is home to one of Europe's biggest 18th century architectural urban areas, making it a sought-after destination for tourists and cinema production crews. It stands out as one of the first French cities, after Nancy, to have entered an era of urbanism and metropolitan big scale projects, with the team Gabriel father and son, architects for King Louis XV, under the supervision of 2 intendants (Governors), first Mr. Nancy (nɑ̃si archaic Nanzig Nanzeg is a city and commune in the Lorraine région of northeastern France Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Dupre de Saint Maur then the Marquis (Marquess) de Tourny.

Buildings

Main sights include:

• Esplanade des Quinconces
• Colonnes des Girondins
• Grand Théâtre
• Allées de Tourny
• Cours de l'Intendance
• Place du Chapelet
• Pont de Pierre
• Saint-André Cathedral, consecrated by Pope Urban II in 1096 . Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux, is a Theatre in Bordeaux France, first inaugurated on 17 April, 1780. Bordeaux Cathedral ( Cathédrale Saint-André de Bordeaux) is a Catholic Cathedral, seat of the Archbishop of Bordeaux-Bazas, located in Pope Of the Original Romanesque edifice only a wall in the nave remain. The Royal Gate is from the early 13th century, while the rest of the construction is mostly from the 14th-15th centuries.
• Tour Pey Berland (1440-1450), a massive, quadrangular tower annexed to the cathedral. Blessed Pey Berland (or Peyberland, from Pierre Berland; c 1380 &ndash January 1458 was the Archbishop of Bordeaux from 1430 until his abdication
• Sainte-Croix Church (Church of the Holy Cross). The Église Sainte-Croix ("Church of the Holy Cross" is an abbey church in Bordeaux, southern France. It lies on the site of a 7th century abbey destroyed by the Saracens. Rebuilt under the Carolingians, it was again destroyed by the Normans in 845 and 864. It is annexed to a Benedictine abbey founded in the 7th century, and was built in the late 11th-early 12th centuries. The façade is in Romanesque style
• The Gothic basilica of Saint-Michel, constructed in the late 14th-15th centuries. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period.
• Basilica of Saint-Seurin, the most ancient church in Bordeaux. It was built in the early 6th century on the site of a palaeochristian necropolis. It has an 11th century portico, while the apse and transept are from the following century. A portico is a Porch that is leading to the entrance of a building or extended as a Colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway supported by Columns APSE standing for Ada Programming Support Environment is a program or set of programs to support Software development in the Ada programming language. Full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are found at the entry Cathedral diagram. The 13th century nave has chapels from the 11th and the 14th centuries. The ancient crypt houses sepulchres of the Merovingian family. The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin
• Palais Rohan (Exterior: [1])
• Palais Gallien, the remains of a late 2nd-century Roman amphitheatre
• Porte Cailhau
• La Grosse Cloche (15th century) is the second remaining gate of the Medieval walls. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC An amphitheatre (alternatively amphitheater) is an open-air venue for spectator sports concerts rallies or theatrical performances It was the belfry of the old Town Hall. It consists of two 40 m-high circular towers and a central bell tower housing a bell weighing 7,800&kg. A bell is a simple Sound -making device The bell is a Percussion instrument and an Idiophone. The watch is from 1759.
• Eglise Saint-Eloi
• Place de la Bourse (1730-1775), designed by the Royal architect Jacques Ange Gabriel as landscape for an equestrian statue of Louis XV. Ange-Jacques Gabriel ( October 23, 1698 &ndash January 4, 1782) was the most prominent French Architect of his generation
• Place du Parlement
• Place Saint-Pierre
• Rue Sainte-Catherine

Saint-André Cathedral, Saint-Michel Basilica and Saint-Seurin Basilica are part of the World Heritage Sites of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France. Bordeaux Cathedral ( Cathédrale Saint-André de Bordeaux) is a Catholic Cathedral, seat of the Archbishop of Bordeaux-Bazas, located in In 1998 several sites in France were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites under the description Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France.

Museums

• Musée des Beaux Arts
• Musée d'Aquitaine
• Musée des Arts Décoratifs
• Musée D'Histoire Naturelle
• CAPC
• Musée National des Doines
• French Cruiser Colbert
• Vinorama
• Musée Goupil
• Casa de Goya
• Cap Sciences
• Centre Jean Moulin

Shopping

Bordeaux has many shopping options. In the heart of Bordeaux is Rue Sainte-Catherine. This pedestrian only shopping street has 1. 2 kilometers of shops, restaurants and cafes; it is also the longest shopping street in Europe. Rue Sainte-Catherine starts at Place de la Victoire and ends at Place de la Comedie by the opera house. The shops become progressively more upmarket as one moves towards Place de la Comedie and the nearby Cours de l'Intendance is where one finds the more exclusive shops and boutiques.

Culture

Bordeaux is also the first city in France to have created, in the 1980s, an architecture exhibition and research centre, Arc en rêve, still the most prestigious in France besides Paris IFA. Bordeaux offers a large number of cinemas, theatres and is the home of the National Opera of Bordeaux. There are many music venues of varying capacity. The city also offers several festivals throughout the year.

Music

• Bands
  • Noir Désir
  • Leisure
  • Calc
  • Les Hurlements d'Léo
  • The Deans
  • Luke
  • Smocks
  • Toxi Faktory
  • Apple Freeze
  • Gojira

Media

Radio stations

These are the radio stations in Bordeaux. Noir Désir is a French rock band currently on hiatus History The band was formed in Bordeaux in 1983 by singer Bertrand Cantat Leisure or free time, is a period of Time spent out of work and essential domestic Activity. Les Hurlements d'Léo is an alternative rock band from Bordeaux in France Luke (luːk is a common male Given name, and less commonly a surname and sometimes used as a shortened version of the Latin name Lucas. Gojira is a Heavy metal band formed in 1996 in Bayonne, France

• Wit FM: (pop, rock, dance music)
• Black Box: (Hip-Hop, R&B, Ragga, Funk, Soul, Disco)
• Radio Nova Sauvagine: (alternative music)
• Campus FM: (Alternative Music)
• RIG: (world music)
• La Clé des Ondes: (world music)
• TRG: (pop music)
• ARL: (world music)

Newspaper

• Sud Ouest
• Bordeaux 7
• 20 Minutes
• Metro

TV

• TV 7
• France 3 Aquitaine www. Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of The term world music includes Traditional music (sometimes called Folk music or roots music of any culture that are created and played by indigenous musicians france3. fr

Transport

Road

Bordeaux is an important road and motorway junction. The city is connected to Paris by the A10 motorway, with Lyon by the A89, with Toulouse by the A62, and with Spain by the A63. There is a 45 km ring road called the "Rocade" which is often very busy. The building of another ring road is under consideration.

Bordeaux has 4 road bridges that cross the Garonne, the Pont-de-Pierre built in the 1820s and 3 modern bridges built after 1960: the Pont Saint Jean, just south of the Pont de Pierre (both located downtown), the Pont d'Aquitaine, a suspended bridge downstream from downtown, and the Pont François Mitterrand, located upstream of downtown. The Garonne (Garonne in Occitan, Catalan and Spanish: Garona; Garumna is a River in southwest France and northern The Pont d'Aquitaine is a large Suspension bridge over the Garonne, north-west of the city of Bordeaux, in France. These 2 bridges are part of the ring road around Bordeaux. There is also a steel railway bridge, built in the 1850s by Gustave Eiffel, and used daily by 100s, including the TGV, a high speed train.

Rail

The main railway station, the Gare St-Jean near the centre of the city, has 4 million passengers a year. |}A train station, railway station, railroad station, or station yard is a facility at which Passengers may board and alight from Trains It is served by the French national (SNCF) railway's high speed train, the TGV, that gets to Paris in 3 hours, with connections to major European centres such as Lille, Brussels, Amsterdam, Cologne, Geneva and London. SNCF ( Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français) (French National Railway Company is a French public enterprise The TGV ( t rain à g rande v itesse, French for "high-speed train" is France 's High-speed rail service Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Lille (lil Rijsel is a city in northern France. It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in the country Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The TGV also serves Toulouse and Irun from Bordeaux. The TGV ( t rain à g rande v itesse, French for "high-speed train" is France 's High-speed rail service Toulouse ( pronounced in standard French, and in the local accent ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced) is a city in southwest Irun (old Basque for 'fortified town' Spanish: Irún) is a town of the Bidasoa-Txingudi region in the province of Guipuscoa ( A regular train service is provided to Nantes, Nice, Marseille and Lyon. Nantes (Naoned Gallo: Naunnt) is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. The Gare St-Jean is the major hub for regional trains (TER) operated by the SNCF to Arcachon, Limoges, Agen, Périgueux, Pau and Bayonne. SNCF ( Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français) (French National Railway Company is a French public enterprise Arcachon is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France. Limoges ( Lemòtges / Limòtges in the Limousin dialect of Occitan language) is a city and commune in France, the préfecture Agen (aʒɛ̃ is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in the Aquitaine region in southwestern France. Périgueux ( (in Occitan: Peireguers or Periguers) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Aquitaine Pau is a town and ''commune'' in the Aquitaine ''région'' of Bayonne ( French: Bayonne bajɔn Gascon Occitan and Basque: Baiona) is a city and commune of southwest

Air

Bordeaux is served by an international airport, Aéroport de Bordeaux Mérignac, located 8km from the city centre in the suburban city of Mérignac. Bordeaux - Mérignac Airport (Aéroport de Bordeaux - Mérignac is an Airport serving the French city of Bordeaux. Mérignac is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Trams, buses and boats

Bordeaux has an important public transport system called TBC. This company is run by the Connex group. The network consists of:

• 3 tram lines (A, B and C)
• 75 bus routes, all connected to the tramway network (from 1 to 96)
• 12 night bus routes (from S1 to S12)
• An electric bus shuttle in the city centre
• A boat shuttle on the Garonne river

This network is operated from 5am to 1am

There have been several plans for a subway network to be set up but they were given up for both geological and financial reasons. The tramway system was started in the autumn of 2000 and commenced service in December 2003, connecting Bordeaux with its suburban areas. The Bordeaux tramway network (French Tramway de Bordeaux) consists of three lines serving the city of Bordeaux in southwestern France. It uses the APS technology, a brand new and exclusive cableless technology developed by French company Alstom and designed to preserve the aesthetic environment the tramway is surrounded by (although very controversial for its considerable cost of installation and maintenance, but also for the numerous technical problems that paralyzed the network for an unusually long time even if those problems have been resolved). Ground-level power supply, also known as surface current collection and Alimentation par Sol ( APS) is a modern method of third-rail electrical Alstom ( is a large French multinational conglomerate which holds interests in the power generation and Transport markets At the same time many downtown streets and squares along the tramway lines became pedestrian areas, with limited access by cars.

Sport

The Stade Chaban-Delmas is the largest stadium. Stade Chaban-Delmas (known as Parc Lescure until 2001 is a football and Rugby union Stadium in Bordeaux, France. It can host 35000 spectators. There are two major sport teams in Bordeaux:

• Girondins de Bordeaux is the football team. FC Girondins de Bordeaux is a French football team playing in the city of Bordeaux. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered It is part of the Ligue 1 in the French football championship. Current Teams (2008-2009 Ligue 1 teams in European competitions The original European Cup of 1955-56 featured Real Madrid against Stade
• The USB-CABBG (Union de Stade Bordelais - Club Athlétique Bordeaux-Bègles) team is part of the Pro D2 (Second Division) of the Rugby Union Ligue Nationale de Rugby. USB-CABBG is a French rugby union team that currently takes part in Pro D2, the second level of the country's professional league system Rugby Pro D2, also known as Pro D2 is the second level of domestic club Rugby union in France, below the first division Top 14. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short The Ligue Nationale de Rugby ( English: National Rugby League) is the name of the national professional Rugby
• Bordeaux is the home of one of the strongest cricket teams in France, "Bordeaux-La Brède". Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries

There is a 250 m wooden velodrome, Vélodrome du Lac, in Bordeaux which hosts international cycling competition in the form of UCI Track Cycling World Cup events. A velodrome is an arena for Track cycling. Modern velodromes feature steeply banked oval tracks consisting of two 180-degree circular bends connected by two straights Cycling is the use of Bicycles or - less commonly - Unicycles Tricycles Quadricycles and other similar wheeled Human powered vehicles The UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics is the elite men and women's season-long competition in Track cycling, which now comprises several rounds each held in a different country

Miscellaneous

Births

Bordeaux was the birthplace of:

• Bertrand Andrieu (1761-1822), engraver
• Jean Anouilh (1910-1987), dramatist
• Yvonne Arnaud (1892-1958), actress
• Decimus Magnus Ausonius (c. Bertrand Andrieu ( November 4, 1761 &ndash December 10, 1822) was a French engraver of medals from Bordeaux. Jean Marie Lucien Pierre Anouilh (ʒɑ̃ anwi June 23, 1910 &ndash October 3, 1987) was a French Dramatist. Yvonne Arnaud (20 December 1892 - 20 September 1958 was a French -born pianist singer and actress This article is about the Roman poet Ausonius For John Ausonius the Swedish murderer see John Ausonius. 310-395), Roman poet and rhetorician
• François Bigot (1703-1788), last Intendant of New France
• René Clément (1913-1996), actor, director, writer
• Damia (1899-1978), singer
• Lili Damita (1901-1994), actress
• Danielle Darrieux (born 1917), actress
• Jacques Ellul (1912–1994), sociologist, theologian, Christian anarchist
• Eugène Goossens (1867-1958) conductor, violinist
• François Mauriac (1885-1970), writer, Nobel laureate
• Édouard Molinaro (born 1928), film director, producer
• Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592), essayist
• Pierre Palmade (born 1968), actor, author
• St. Paulinus of Nola (354-431), educator, religious figure
• Georges Antoine Pons Rayet (1839–1906), astronomer, discoverer of the Wolf-Rayet stars, founder of the Bordeaux Observatory
• Richard II of England 1367- 1400
• Pierre Rode (1774-1830), violinist
• Jean-Jacques Sempé (born 1932), cartoonist
• Florent Serra, tennis player
• Philippe Sollers, writer

Sister cities and partnerships

Sister cities

• Bristol, United Kingdom, since 1947
• Lima, Peru, since 1957
• Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, since 1962
• Munich, Germany, since 1964
• Los Angeles, United States, since 1968
• Porto, Portugal, since 1978
• Fukuoka, Japan, since 1982
• Bilbao, Spain
• Madrid, Spain, since 1984
• Ashdod, Israel, since 1984
• Baku, Azerbaijan, since 1985
• Casablanca, Morocco, since 1988
• Wuhan, China, since 1998
• Oran, Algeria, since 2003

Partnerships

• Saint Petersburg, Russia, since 1992
• Kraków, Poland, since 1993

See also

• Archdiocese of Bordeaux
• List of mayors of Bordeaux
• Canelé, a local pastry
• Dogue de Bordeaux, a breed of dog originally bred for dog fighting
• Bordeaux-Paris, a former professional cycle race
• Battle of Bordeaux, an informal name for the World Cup football match between Brazil and Czechoslovakia on June 12, 1938 in Bordeaux
• Operation Frankton, a British Combined Operations raid on shipping in Bordeaux harbour, in December 1942 , during World War II
• French wine
• Bordeaux wine regions

References

External links

• Bordeaux city council website
• Tourist office website
• Official Girondins de Bordeaux website
• Sciences Po Bordeaux
• Tram and bus maps and schedules
• Bordeaux Wine official website
• Bordeaux travel guide from Wikitravel

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