| Books of Ketuvim | |
| Three Poetic Books | |
| 1. | Psalms |
| 2. Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included | Proverbs |
| 3. The Book of Proverbs is one of the books of the Ketuvim of the Tanakh, and thus also one of the books of the Old Testament. | Job |
| Five Megillot | |
| 4. The Book of Job ( איוב) is one of the books of the Hebrew Bible. For other uses of the word "Megillah" see Megillah (disambiguation. | Song of Songs |
| 5. | Ruth |
| 6. This article is about the ancient Hebrew religious text For the 20th-century English-language novel see The Book of Ruth (novel The Book of Ruth | Lamentations |
| 7. The Book of Lamentations (אֵיכָה Eikha, ʾēḫā(h is a book of the Bible Old Testament and Jewish Tanakh. | Ecclesiastes |
| 8. Ecclesiastes (often abbreviated Ecc) (קֹהֶלֶת Kohelet, variously transliterated as Qoheleth, Göhalath, Koheles, Koheleth | Esther |
| Other Books | |
| 9. The Book of Esther is a book of the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible) and of the Old Testament. | Daniel |
| 10. The Book of Daniel (דניאל, originally written in Hebrew and Aramaic, is a Book in both the Hebrew Bible ( Tanakh) and the Christian | Ezra-Nehemiah |
| 11. The Book of Ezra is a book of the Bible in the Old Testament and Hebrew Tanakh. The Book of Nehemiah is a book of the Hebrew Bible, historically regarded as a continuation of the Book of Ezra, and is sometimes called the second book | Chronicles |
The Books of Chronicles (Hebrew Divrei Hayyamim, דברי הימים, Greek Paraleipomêna) are part of the Hebrew Bible (Jewish Tanakh and Christian Old Testament). Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The term Hebrew Bible is a generic reference to those books of the Bible originally written in Biblical Hebrew (and the related Biblical Aramaic See also Old testament, Septuagint, Targum, Peshitta The Tanakh (תַּנַ"ךְ (taˈnax or; also Tenakh or Tenak is In Western Christianity, the Old Testament refers to the books that form the first of the two-part Christian Biblical canon. In the masoretic text, it appears as the first or last book of the Ketuvim (the latter arrangement also making it the final book of the Jewish bible). The Masoretic Text ( MT) is the Hebrew text of the Jewish Bible ( Tanakh) Ketuvim (כְּתוּבִים "writings" is the third and final section of the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible) after Torah and Nevi'im Chronicles largely parallels the Davidic narratives in the Books of Samuel and the Books of Kings. David, Arabic: داوود or داود dawud, "beloved" was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible The Books of Samuel ( Hebrew: Sefer Sh'muel ספר שמואל are part of the Tanakh (part of Judaism 's Hebrew Bible) and also of The Books of Kings ( Sefer Melachim, ספר מלכים are a part of Judaism 's Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible. [1] For this reason it was called "Supplements" in the Septuagint, where it appears in two parts (I & II Chronicles), immediately following 1 & 2 Samuel and 1 & 2 Kings as a supplement to them. The Septuagint (ˈsɛptuədʒɪnt or simply " LXX " is the Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, translated in stages between the The division of Chronicles and its place in the Christian canon of the Old Testament are based upon the Septuagint.
The author of Chronicles, termed "the Chronicler," may also have written Ezra and Nehemiah. The Book of Ezra is a book of the Bible in the Old Testament and Hebrew Tanakh. The Book of Nehemiah is a book of the Hebrew Bible, historically regarded as a continuation of the Book of Ezra, and is sometimes called the second book His work is an important source of information about Israel after the Babylonian exile.
Contents |
Name
In Hebrew the book is called Divrei Hayyamim, (i. e. "matters [of] the days") based on the phrase sefer divrei ha-yamim le-malkhei Yehudah ("book of the days of the kings of Judah"), which appears several times in the Books of Kings.
In the Greek Septuagint (LXX), Chronicles bears the title Paraleipomêna, i. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The Septuagint (ˈsɛptuədʒɪnt or simply " LXX " is the Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, translated in stages between the e. , "things omitted," or "supplements," because it contains details not found in the Books of Samuel and the Books of Kings. Thus in the Douai Bible translation the books are accordingly styled the "Books of Paralipomenon. The Douay-Rheims Bible, also known as the Rheims-Douai Bible or Douai Bible and abbreviated as D-R, is a translation of the Bible from the "
Jerome, in the introduction to his Latin translation of the books of Samuel and Kings, (part of the Vulgate), referred to the book as a chronikon ("Chronicles" in English). Jerome (c 347 – September 30, 420) ( Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Vulgate is an early Fifth Century version of the Bible in Latin, and largely the result of the labours of Jerome, who was commissioned by The book itself is titled Paralipomena in the Vulgate. The Vulgate is an early Fifth Century version of the Bible in Latin, and largely the result of the labours of Jerome, who was commissioned by [2]
Location
In the masoretic text, Chronicles is part of the third part of the Tanakh, namely Ketuvim ("Writings"). The Masoretic Text ( MT) is the Hebrew text of the Jewish Bible ( Tanakh) See also Old testament, Septuagint, Targum, Peshitta The Tanakh (תַּנַ"ךְ (taˈnax or; also Tenakh or Tenak is Ketuvim (כְּתוּבִים "writings" is the third and final section of the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible) after Torah and Nevi'im In most printed versions it is the last book in Ketuvim (following Ezra-Nehemiah). This order is based on medieval Ashkenazic manuscripts. Ashkenaz is Gomer 's first son brother of Riphath, and Togarmah (Gen The order of the books of Ketuvim given in the Talmud (Bava Batra 14b-15a), though it differs from the Ashkenazic order, also places Chronicles at the end of Ketuvim. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history In these traditions, Chronicles becomes the final book of the Bible. However, in early Tiberian manuscripts such as the Aleppo codex and the Leningrad codex, Chronicles is placed as the first book in Ketuvim, preceding Psalms. The Aleppo Codex ( Hebrew: כֶּתֶר אֲרָם צוֹבָא kɛθɛɾ ʔăɾɔm sˁovɔʔ Keter Aram Tsova) is a manuscript of the Hebrew Bible The Leningrad Codex (or Codex Leningradensis) is one of the oldest manuscripts of the complete Hebrew Bible produced according to the Tiberian mesorah; Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included
The Jewish ordering of the canon suggests that Chronicles is a summary of the entire span of history to the time it was written. (This might also be the reason the Chronicler commences his genealogy with Adam. See also Adam and Eve Adam ( Hebrew: אָדָם was according to a literal interpretation of Genesis, the first man created by ) Steven Tuell argues that having Chronicles as the last book in the canon is appropriate since it "attempts to distill and summarize the entire history of God's dealings with God's people. " [3]
In Christian Bibles, Chronicles I & II are part of the "historical" books of the Old Testament, following Kings and before Ezra. This order is based upon that found in the Septuagint, followed by the Vulgate, and relates to the view of Chronicles as "supplements" to Samuel and Kings.
Formal division
There is no internal evidence of a division into two parts in the structure and style of Chronicles. Chronicles is a single book in the Jewish (masoretic) textual tradition. The Masoretic Text ( MT) is the Hebrew text of the Jewish Bible ( Tanakh)
In the Septuagint, however, the book appears in two parts. Since Chronicles is one of the longer biblical books, its division into two halves may have served to allow it to be copied in manageably sized scrolls. A scroll is a roll of Papyrus, Parchment, or Paper which has been written drawn or painted upon for the purpose of transmitting information or using as The Septuagint's division of the book was followed in the Christian textual tradition, for translations of the Bible in manuscripts and later in printed bibles. Thus, in modern Christian bibles, Chronicles is usually published as two books: I Chronicles and II Chronicles.
The two-part division began to be noted in Hebrew Bibles in the 15th century, for reference purposes. Despite such notation, most modern editions of the Bible in Hebrew publish the two parts together as a single book.
Contextual division
Based on its contents, the book may be divided into four parts:
- The beginning of I Chronicles (chapters 1-10) mostly contains genealogical lists, concluding with the House of Saul and Saul's rejection by God, which sets the stage for the rise of David. Genealogy (from Greek: el γενεά el-Latn genea, "descent" and el λόγος el-Latn logos, "knowledge" is the study of Saul (שאול המלך (or Sha'ul) ( Arabic: طالوت,Tālūt ( (reigned 1047 - 1007 BCE is identified in the Books of Samuel, 1 Chronicles David, Arabic: داوود or داود dawud, "beloved" was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible
- The remainder of I Chronicles (chapters 11-29) is a history of David's reign.
- The beginning of II Chronicles (chapters 1-9) is a history of the reign of King Solomon, son of David. King Solomon ( Ge'ez: ስለሞን Arabic: ar سليمان, Sulayman, all from the Triliteral root S-L-M, "peace"
- The remainder of II Chronicles (chapters 10-36) is a chronicle of the kings of Judah to the time of the Babylonian exile, and concluding with the call by Cyrus the Great for the exiles to return to their land. Judea is a term used for the mountainous southern part of the historic Land of Israel. The Babylonian captivity, Babylonian exile, is the name typically given to the deportation and exile of the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to
However, it is also possible to divide the book into three parts rather than four by combining the sections treating David and Solomon, since they both ruled over a combined Judah and Israel, unlike the last section that contains the chronicle of the Davidic kings who ruled the Kingdom of Judah alone. Judea is a term used for the mountainous southern part of the historic Land of Israel.
Composition
The time of the composition of the Chronicles is believed to have been subsequent to the Babylonian captivity, possibly between 450 and 435 B. The Babylonian captivity, Babylonian exile, is the name typically given to the deportation and exile of the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to C. , though Martin Noth was of the opinion that it dated from the 3rd century B. Martin Noth ( August 3, 1902 – May 30, 1968) was a German scholar of the Hebrew Bible who specialized in the pre-Exilic C. ; and Gary Knoppers, while acknowledging that Chronicles theoretically could be written anywhere between 500 - 250 B. Gary N Knoppers (full name Gerald Neil Knoppers is a professor in the Department of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies at Pennsylvania State University. C. , tends to see it as probably dating between 325 and 275 B. C. ). The contents of Chronicles, both as to matter and form, correspond closely with this idea. The close of the book records the proclamation of Cyrus the Great permitting the Jews to return to their own land, and this forms the opening passage of the Book of Ezra, which is viewed as a continuation of the Chronicles, together with the Book of Nehemiah. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The peculiar form of the language, being Hebrew in vocabulary but Aramaean in its general character, harmonizes also with that of the other books which were written after the Exile. The author was likely contemporary with Zerubbabel, details of whose family history are given (1 Chronicles 3:19). Zerubbabel (זְרֻבָּבֶל Zərubbāvel; Greek: ζοροβαβελ Zŏrobabel) was the grandson of Jehoiachin, penultimate King of
Jewish tradition regards Ezra the scribe as the author of Chronicles, and there are many points of resemblance which seem to confirm this opinion: the conclusion of the one and the beginning of the other are almost identical in expression. Ezra ( was a Jewish Priestly Scribe who led about 5000 Israelite exiles living in Babylon to their home city of Jerusalem J. N. Newsome, however, argues that the Chronicler's treatment of prophecy "betrays a difference of theological concern between Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah. " [4]
In its general scope and design Chronicles is not so much historical as didactic. The principal aim of the writer appears to be to present moral and religious truth. He does not give prominence to political occurrences, as is done in the books of Samuel and Kings, but to religious institutions, such as the details of the temple service. The genealogies were an important part of the public records of the Hebrew state. They were the basis on which the land was distributed and held, and by which the public services of the temple were arranged and conducted. Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name The Chronicles are an epitome of the sacred history from the days of Adam down to the return from Babylonian exile, a period of about 3,500 years. The writer gathers up the threads of the old national life broken by the captivity.
The sources whence the chronicler compiled his work were public records, registers, and genealogical tables belonging to the Jews. These are referred to in the course of the book (1 Chr. 27:24; 29:29; 2 Chr. 9:29; 12:15; 13:22; 20:34; 24:27; 26:22; 32:32; 33:18, 19; 27:7; 35:25). There are in Chronicles, and the books of Samuel and Kings, forty parallels, often verbal, proving that the writer of Chronicles both knew and used those other books.
As compared with Samuel and Kings, the Book of Chronicles omits many particulars there recorded and includes many things not found in the other two documents. Often the Chronicles paint a somewhat more positive picture of the same events. This corresponds to their time of composition: Samuel and Kings were probably completed during the exile, at a time when the history of the newly wiped out Hebrew kingdoms was still fresh in the minds of the writers, a period largely considered a colossal failure. The Chronicles, on the other hand, were written much later, after the restoration of the Jewish community in Palestine, at a time when the kingdoms were beginning to be regarded as the nostalgic past, something to be at least partially imitated, not something to be avoided. Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Some scholars consider Samuel and Kings, which were written earlier, to provide a more reliable history than Chronicles.
Twenty whole chapters of the Chronicles, and twenty-four parts of chapters, are occupied with matters not found elsewhere. It also records many people and events in fuller detail, as the list of David's heroes (1 Chr. 12:1-37), the removal of the Ark of the Covenant from Kirjath-jearim to Mount Zion (1 Chr. The Ark of the Covenant (אָרוֹן הָבְרִית ʔārōn hāb’rīθ, Modern aron habrit) is described in the Bible as a sacred container wherein Mount Zion (הר צִיּוֹן Har Tzion) is a hill just outside the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem. 13; 15:2-24; 16:4-43; comp. 2 Sam. 6), Uzziah's tzaraas (commonly translated as "leprosy") and its cause (2 Chr. Uzziah of Judah (עֻזִּיָּהוּ also known as Azariah, was the king of the ancient Kingdom of Judah, and one of Amaziah 's sons whom the people Tzaraath ( Hebrew צרעת and numerous variants of English Transliteration, including tzaraas, tzaraat, tsaraas and Leprosy (from the Greek lepi (λέπι meaning scales on a fish or Hansen's disease, is a chronic disease caused by the bacterium 26:16-21; comp. 2 Kings 15:5), etc.
It has also been observed that another peculiarity of the book is that it substitutes more modern and more common expressions for those that had then become unusual or obsolete. This is seen particularly in the substitution of modern names of places, such as were in use in the writer's day, for the old names; thus Gezer (1 Chr. For the kibbutz see Gezer Israel; For the Arab village see Abu Shusha; for the regional council see Gezer Regional Council 20:4) is used instead of Gob (2 Sam. 21:18), etc.
The Book of Chronicles is alluded to, though not directly quoted, in the New Testament (Hebrews 5:4; Matthew 12:42; 23:35; Luke 1:5; 11:31, 51). The Epistle to the Hebrews (abbr Heb for Citations is one of the books in the New Testament. The Gospel of Matthew (Gk Κατά Ματθαίον Ευαγγέλιον is one of the four Canonical gospels in the New Testament and is a Synoptic gospel The Gospel of Luke (Gk Κατά Λουκάν Ευαγγέλιον) is a synoptic Gospel, and is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels of the
See also
Notes
- ^ Harris, Stephen L. Generally a chronicle (chronica from Greek (from) is a historical account of facts and events in chronological order The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia For the astrological concept see Rāshi (Jyotiṣa. Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, (רבי שלמה יצחקי better known by the acronym Rashi Martin Noth ( August 3, 1902 – May 30, 1968) was a German scholar of the Hebrew Bible who specialized in the pre-Exilic Gary N Knoppers (full name Gerald Neil Knoppers is a professor in the Department of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies at Pennsylvania State University. Stephen L Harris is Professor and Chair Department of Humanities and Religious Studies at California State University Sacramento. Understanding the Bible: 2nd Edition. Mayfield: Palo Alto. 1985. p 188.
- ^ Japhet, Sara. I & II Chronicles: A Commentary. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1993. p. 1.
- ^ Tuell, Steven S. First and Second Chronicles. Louisville: John Knox Press, 2001. p. 158.
- ^ Newsome, J. N. "Towards a New Understanding of the Chronicler and His Purposes," JBL 94 [1975]. p. 212.
References
- Avioz, Michael, Nathan's Oracle (2 Samuel 7)and Its Interpreters (Bern: Peter Lang, 2005)
- Ben Zvi, Ehud, History, Literature, and Theology in the Book of Chronicles, London: Equinox, 2006
- Japhet, Sara, I and II Chronicles: A Commentary, London: SCM Press, 1993
- Kalimi, Isaac, The Reshaping of Ancient Israelite History in Chronicles, Winona Lake, Ind. : Eisenbrauns, 2005
- Kelly, Brian E. Retribution and Eschatology in Chronicles, Sheffield Academic Press, 1996
- Klein, Ralph W. , 1 Chronicles: A Commentary, Philadelphia, Pa. : Fortress Press, 2006
- Knoppers, Gary N. , 1 Chronicles: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, New York, NY: Doubleday, 2004 (2 volumes)
- McKenzie, Steven L. , 1-2 Chronicles, Nashville, Tenn. : Abingdon, 2004
External links
- Jewish translations
- Divrei Hayamim I - Chronicles I (Judaica Press) translation with Rashi's commentary at Chabad. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut For the astrological concept see Rāshi (Jyotiṣa. Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, (רבי שלמה יצחקי better known by the acronym Rashi org
- Divrei Hayamim II - Chronicles II (Judaica Press) translation with Rashi's commentary at Chabad. For the astrological concept see Rāshi (Jyotiṣa. Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, (רבי שלמה יצחקי better known by the acronym Rashi org
- Christian translations
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org
- 1 Chronicles at The Great Books (New Revised Standard Version)
- 2 Chronicles at The Great Books (New Revised Standard Version)
- 1 Chronicles at Wikisource (Authorised King James Version)
- 2 Chronicles at Wikisource (Authorised King James Version)
"The Books of Paralipomenon (Chronicles)". A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.
This entry incorporates text from the public domain Easton's Bible Dictionary, originally published in 1897.
| Preceded by Ezra-Nehemiah |
Hebrew Bible | Followed by None |
| Preceded by 1–2 Kings |
Western Old Testament | Followed by Ezra |
| Eastern Old Testament | Followed by 1 Esdras |
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