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Bonus Army Conflict

Shacks, put up by the Bonus Army on the Anacostia flats, Washington, DC, burning after the battle with the military, 1932.
Date 17 June 1932
Location Washington D.C., United States of America
Result Bonus Army dispersed, demands rejected
Belligerents
Bonus Army United States Army
Commanders
Walter W. Waters Herbert Hoover
Douglas MacArthur
Dwight D. Eisenhower
George S. Patton
Strength
17,000 2 regiments
Casualties and losses
Refer to Assault
{4 dead; 1,017 injured}		 At least 12 police injured

The Bonus Army or Bonus March or Bonus Expeditionary Force was an assemblage of about 17,000 World War I veterans, accompanied by their families and other affiliated groups, who demonstrated in Washington, DC, during the spring and summer of 1932. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Walter W Waters of Portland Oregon, was a former Army Sergeant in the United States Army who in May 1932 led the 10000-strong army of World War I Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10 1874 &ndash October 20 1964 was the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933 General MacArthur redirects here for other meanings see General MacArthur (disambiguation. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general For the 19th century Scottish jurist/politician see George Patton Lord Glenalmond. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The marchers were seeking immediate cash payment of Service Certificates granted eight years previously by the Adjusted Service Certificate Law of 1924. The Adjusted Service Certificate Law is a United States federal law passed in 1924 that granted Veterans of World War I "bonus" certificates the Each Service Certificate issued to a qualified soldier bore a face value equal to the soldier's promised payment plus interest. The sticking point was that the certificates, similar to bonds, were set to mature a full 20 years from the date of their original issue. Thus, under existing law, the certificates could not be redeemed until 1945.

The Bonus Army veterans were led by Walter W. Waters, a former Army sergeant, and were encouraged in their demand for immediate monetary payment by an appearance from retired Marine Corps Major General Smedley Butler, one of the most popular military figures of the time. Walter W Waters of Portland Oregon, was a former Army Sergeant in the United States Army who in May 1932 led the 10000-strong army of World War I Marines (from the English adjective marine, meaning of the sea, from Latin language mare, meaning sea via French adjective Smedley Darlington Butler (July 30 1881 &ndash June 21 1940 Nicknamed " The Fighting Quaker " and " Old Gimlet Eye " was a Major

Contents

Arrival in Washington

The Bonus Army massed at the United States Capitol on June 17 as the U.S. Senate voted on the Patman Bonus Bill, which would have moved forward the date when World War I veterans received a cash bonus. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives John William Wright Patman ( August 6, 1893 – March 7, 1976) was a U Most of the Bonus Army camped in a Hooverville on the Anacostia Flats, then a swampy, muddy area across the Anacostia River from the federal core of Washington. A Hooverville was the popular name for a Shanty town built by homeless men in the depression years The Anacostia River is a River that flows about 84 mi (135 km) from Prince George's County in Maryland, USA and The protesters had hoped that they could convince Congress to make payments that would be granted to veterans immediately, which would have provided relief for the marchers who were unemployed due to the Depression. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The bill had passed the House of Representatives on June 15 but was blocked in the Senate.

Intervention of the military

The marchers were cleared and their camps were destroyed by the 12th Infantry Regiment from Fort Howard, Maryland, and the 3rd Cavalry Regiment under the command of Major George S. Patton from Fort Myer, Virginia, under the overall command of General Douglas MacArthur. Fort Howard is the name of a former military installation in Baltimore County, Maryland, near the present-day settlement of Fort Howard. The 3d Armored Cavalry Regiment is a Regiment of the United States Army currently stationed at Fort Hood TX. For the 19th century Scottish jurist/politician see George Patton Lord Glenalmond. Fort Myer is a US Army post adjacent to Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County Virginia, across the Potomac River General MacArthur redirects here for other meanings see General MacArthur (disambiguation. Dwight D. Eisenhower, as a member of MacArthur's staff, had strong reservations about the operation. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general

The Posse Comitatus Act, prohibiting the U. The Posse Comitatus Act is a United States federal law ( passed on June 16, 1878 after the end of Reconstruction. S. military from being used for general law enforcement purposes in most instances, did not apply to Washington, D.C. because it is a jurisdiction under the direct governance of the U. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D S. Congress (United States Constitution, Article I. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. Section 8. Clause 17).

Troops carrying rifles with fixed bayonets and equipped with adamsite gas "candles" were sent into the Bonus Army's camps. A bayonet (from French baïonnette) is a Knife - Dagger - or spike-shaped Weapon designed to fit on or over the muzzle Adamsite or DM is an Organic compound; technically an Arsenical diphenylaminechlorarsine, that can be used as a Riot control agent President Hoover did not want the army to march across the Anacostia River into the protesters' largest encampment, but Douglas MacArthur felt this was a communist attempt to overthrow the government. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Hundreds of veterans were injured, several were killed, including William Hushka and Eric Carlson; a wife of a veteran miscarried, and other casualties were inflicted. William Hushka (1895 &ndash 1932 was an immigrant to the United States from Lithuania. Eric Carlson ( 1894 - July 28 1932) was a US veteran from Oakland California. The visual image of U. S. armed soldiers confronting poor veterans of the recent Great War set the stage for veteran relief and eventually the Veterans Administration. The United States Department of Veterans Affairs ( VA) is a government-run military Veteran benefit system with Cabinet -level status

By the end of the rout:

Aftermath

Franklin D. Roosevelt did not want to pay the bonus early, either, but handled the veterans with more skill when they marched on Washington again the next year. He sent his wife Eleanor to chat with the vets and pour coffee with them, and she persuaded many of them to sign up for jobs making a roadway to the Florida Keys, which was to become the Overseas Highway, the southernmost portion of U.S. Route 1. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (ˈɛlɪnɔr ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 11 1884 &ndash November 7 1962 The Florida Keys are an Archipelago of about 1700 islands in the southeast United States. The Overseas Highway is a long road carrying US Route 1 through the Florida Keys. US Route 1 (US 1 is a major north-south US Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States. On September 2, the disastrous Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 killed 258 veterans working on the Highway. The Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 was the strongest tropical cyclone during the 1935 Atlantic hurricane season. After seeing more newsreels of veterans giving their lives for a government that had taken them for granted, public sentiment built up so much that Congress could no longer afford to ignore it in an election year (1936). Roosevelt's veto was overridden, making the bonus a reality. A veto, Latin for "I forbid" is used to Denote that a certain party has the right to stop unilaterally a certain piece of Legislation.

Perhaps the Bonus Army's greatest accomplishment was the piece of legislation known as the G. I. Bill of Rights. The GI Bill (officially titled Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 PL346 58 Statutes at Large 284 provided for college or vocational education for returning Passed in July, 1944, it immensely helped veterans from the Second World War to secure needed assistance from the federal government to help them fit back into civilian life, something the World War I veterans of the Bonus Army had not received. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Bonus Army's activities can also be seen as a template for the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963, and popular political demonstrations and activism that took place in the U. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was a large political rally that took place in Washington D S. later in the 20th century.

See also

References

Further reading

External links

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