Bone china, Minton & Co, Stoke on Trent, England, About 1897, Transfer printed with enamel painting V&A Museum no. Mintons Ltd, was a major ceramics manufacturing company originated with Thomas Minton (1765-1836 the founder of "Thomas Minton and Sons" who established Circ. 70-1970^[1] Victoria and Albert Museum, London

Bone china is a type of porcelain body first developed in Britain in which calcined ox bone (bone ash) is a major constituent. Porcelain is a Ceramic material made by heating raw materials generally including Clay in the form of Kaolin, in a Kiln to temperatures The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 Calcination (also referred to as calcining) is a thermal treatment process applied to ores and other solid materials in order to bring about a Thermal decomposition Oxen (singular ox) are Cattle trained as draft animals. Often they are adult castrated males Bone ash is the white powdery ash left from the burning ( Calcination) of Bones It is primarily composed of Calcium phosphate. It is characterised by high whiteness, translucency and strength. Production usually involves a two stage firing where the first, bisque, is without a glaze at 1280 °C (2336 °F), which gives a translucent product and then glaze, or glost, fired at a lower temperature below 1080 °C (1976 °F).

English manufacturers were keen to produce porcelain of the quality to be found in Chinese imports, but they had to go down a different route. Chinese ceramic ware is an Artform that has been developing since the dynastic periods. The first use of bone ash in ceramics is attributed to Thomas Frye in 1748 to make a type of soft-paste porcelain, at his Bow China Works^[2]. The Anglo-Irish painter Thomas Frye (c1710 &ndash 3 April 1762 best-known for his portraits in oil and pastel including some miniatures and his early Year 1748 ( MDCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a "Soft-paste porcelain" is a type of a Ceramic material but it lacks a more specific universally agreed definition Bow is an area of East London England, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. In the late 18th century, Josiah Spode undertook further developments, and subsequently popularised it, by mixing it with kaolin and China stone to compete with the imported Oriental porcelain. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Josiah Spode ( 23 March 1733 – 1797 was an English potter born in a village that is now part of Stoke-on-Trent. Kaolinite is a Clay mineral with the chemical composition Al 2 Si 2 O 5( OH)4 China stone is a medium grained Feldspar -rich partially decomposed Granite characterized by the absence of Iron -bearing minerals The Orient is a term which simply means the " East " It originated in Western Asia to describe that part of the world Porcelain is a Ceramic material made by heating raw materials generally including Clay in the form of Kaolin, in a Kiln to temperatures

See also

• Soft-paste porcelain
• Hard-paste porcelain

References

External links

• How Bone china works