Bolu (Greek: Βιθύνιον /Vithinion, Latin Bithynium or Claudiopolis) is a town in Turkey, and administrative center of the Bolu Province. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Bolu is a province in north western in the Black Sea region of Turkey, midpoint between the large cities of Istanbul and Ankara. The population is 84,565 (2000 census).
Bolu is on the old highway from Istanbul to Ankara, which climbs over Mount Bolu, while the new motorway passes through Mount Bolu Tunnel below the town. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul. Mount Bolu Tunnel (Bolu Dağı Tüneli is a 29 Km long highway Tunnel being constructed through the Bolu Mountain in Turkey.
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History
Antiquity
Bolu was part of one of the Hittite kingdoms around 2000 BC and later 500 BC became one of the leading cities of the Kingdom of Bithynia. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established Description Several major cities sat on the fertile shores of the Propontis (which is now known as Sea of Marmara) Nicomedia, Chalcedon, Cius Strabo (XII, 4, 7) mentions a Hellenistic town, Bithynium (Claudiopolis), celebrated for its pastures and cheese, which according to Pausanias (VIII, 9) was founded by Arcadians from Mantinea. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. Pausanias ( Greek:) was a Greek traveller and Geographer of the 2nd century CE, who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus Mantineia ( Greek: Μαντίνεια formerly also Antigonia - Αντιγόνεια was a city in ancient Arcadia in the central Peloponnese
In the Ancient Roman era, as is shown by its coins, the town was commonly called Claudiopolis after Emperor Claudius. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I ( August 1, 10 BC &ndash October 13, AD 54 ( Tiberius Claudius Drusus from birth to It was the birthplace of Antinous, the posthumously deified favourite of the Roman Emperor Hadrian, who was very generous to the city, and his name was later added to that of Claudius on the coins of the city. For the constellation see Antinous (constellation; for the Asteroid, see 1863 Antinous; for the mythological figure see Antinous son of Eupeithes Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after Emperor Theodosius II (408-50) made it the capital of a new province, formed out of Bithynia and Paphlagonia, and called by him Honorias in honour of the Emperor Honorius. Flavius Theodosius ( 10 April, 401 – July 28, 450) called the Calligrapher, known in English as Theodosius II, was Geography The greater part of Paphlagonia is a rugged mountainous country but it contains fertile valleys and produces a great abundance of hazelnuts and fruit – particularly plums Flavius Honorius ( September 9, 384 &ndash August 15, 423) was Roman Emperor (393- 395 and then Western Roman Emperor
Catholic bishopric
As Claudiopolis it remains a titular see of Bithynia. A titular see in the Roman Catholic Church is a Diocese or Archdiocese that now exists in title only It was the religious metropolis of the province (so in all Notitiae episcopatuum). A metropolis (from the Greek μήτηρ mētēr meaning 'mother' and πόλις pólis meaning 'city/town' is a big City, in most cases with The Notitiae Episcopatuum (singular Notitia Episcopatuum is the name given to official documents that furnish for Eastern countries the list and hierarchical rank of the metropolitan Lequien (I, 567) mentions twenty titulars of the see to the thirteenth century; the first is St. Autonomus, said to have suffered martyrdom under Diocletian; we may add Ignatius, a friend and correspondent of Photius. Michel Le Quien ( Boulogne-sur-Mer 8 October 1661 – Paris 12 March 1733) was a French historian and theologian "Autonomus" is a frequent misspelling of " autonomous ". Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate [1]
The Turkish era
In 1325 the town was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, becoming known under the present Turkish name (sometimes called Bolou or Boli). The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish By this time it was the chief town of a sanjak in the vilayet (province) of Kastamonu, with 10,000 inhabitants (700 Greeks, 400 Armenians, few Catholics). Sanjak and Sandjak (other variants sinjaq sanjaq) are the most common English transcriptions of the Turkish word sancak A wilāyah (ولاية or vilâyet (in Persian and Ottoman Turkish) is an administrative division usually Kastamonu is the capital district of the Kastamonu Province, Turkey.
Bolu today
Bolu is a busy market town not a large city (basically one long shopping street), in attractive forested mountain countryside. Students from the university and soldiers based in Bolu make an important contribution to the local economy, which traditionally depended on forestry and handicrafts. Market day is Monday, when people from the surrounding villages come into to town for their weekly shop.
The main road from Istanbul to Ankara used to cross Bolu mountain, although more people would stop at the roadside restaurants than actually come into the town, and anyway now the Mount Bolu Tunnel is open most people will rush by on the motorway rather than climb up into Bolu, especially in winter when the road has often been closed due to ice and snow. Mount Bolu Tunnel (Bolu Dağı Tüneli is a 29 Km long highway Tunnel being constructed through the Bolu Mountain in Turkey. Some of the service stations on the mountain road have already announced their closure.
Local specialities include a sweet made of hazelnuts (which grow in abundance here) and an eau-de-cologne with the scent of grass. One feature of Bolu dear to the local people is the soft spring water (kökez suyu) obtained from fountains in the town.
People are also named Bolu as a nickname, for example Tolulope Kehinde of Christ's Hospital in England. Christ's Hospital (popularly known as The Bluecoat School, and also by the nicknames "Housey" and "CH" is a full board coeducational Boarding school England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
Places of interest
The countryside around Bolu offers much excellents walking and other outdoor pursuits. There are hotels in the town for visitors. Sights near the town include:
- The 14th century mosque, Ulu Camii
- Bolu Museum has artefacts from Hittite, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman periods.
- The hot springs kaplıcaları
- The attractive lake and village of Gölköy, near the university campus.
Well-known residents
- The industrialist and philanthropist Izzet Baysal was born in Bolu and has built a great number of schools, hospitals and other public buildings in the town including the campus of Abant Izzet Baysal University in the forest outside the town (founded in 1992). Abant Izzet Baysal University is a university in Turkey. Overview Abant Izzet Baysal University was founded on July 3 1992 with the aim of establishing
- Another name you will see written in many places is Köroğlu as the mountains of Bolu are reputed to be the scene of the Epic of Köroğlu. The Epic of Köroğlu ( Turkish Köroğlu destanı) is a Legend prominent in the Oral traditions of the Turkic peoples.
- Utku Varlık - Painter, b 1942
- A number of gymnasts have trained in Bolu including:
- Murat Canbaş - European gold medal gymnast in 1986 - (b 1975 d 1994)
- Suat Çelen - b 1978
- Ümit Şamiloğlu
- 2nd division Boluspor football club once played in the top flight.
References
- ^ "Claudiopolis". Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.
External links
- Izzet Baysal University official website
- Informations about Bolu city.
- Anatolia.com - Bolu
- Pictures of the city
This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia
GENEL BİLGİLER
M. Ö. 1200’lü yıllarda bütün Hitit toprakları gibi Bolu da Friglerin elindeydi. M. Ö. 6. asırda Persler bölgeye hakim oldular. M. Ö. 336’da Büyük İskender Persleri yenerek Anadolu’nun bir çok yeri gibi Bolu’yu da ele geçirdi. Büyük İskender’in ölümü üzerine Makedonya yıkılınca Bolu bölgesinde Bitinya Krallığı kuruldu. Yazılı belgeler, o dönemlerden kalan arkeolojik eserler ve tarih kaynaklarına göre, Trak göçleri sonunda Sakarya ve Filyos Nehrinin yayı içine yerleşen halk "Bithyn" ismi ile anılıyordu. Bu yüzden Bolu'nun da içinde bulunduğu Kuzeybatı Anadolu'ya "Bithynia" denilmiştir.
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