| Bolesław I (the Brave) | |
| King of Poland | |
 Portrait by Jan Matejko (1838) | |
| Reign | Duke: 992 – April 18, 1025 King: April 18 - June 17, 1025 |
|---|---|
| Coronation | April 18, 1025 Gniezno Cathedral, Poland. Jan Matejko ( (also known as Jan Mateyko; June 24 1838 Free City of Kraków; - November 1 1893 Kraków) was a Polish painter Events By Place Africa The Ghana Empire captures the Berber town of Awdaghost. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Gniezno (Gnesen is a Town in central-western Poland, some 50 km east of Poznań, inhabited by about 73000 people The Kingdom of Poland ( pol Królestwo Polskie, lat Regnum Poloniae, ukr |
| Born | 967 |
| Died | June 17, 1025 |
| Place of death | Poznań |
| Buried | Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznań |
| Predecessor | Mieszko I |
| Successor | Mieszko II Lambert |
| Wives | unknown daughter of Rikdag uknkown princess from Hungary Emnilda Oda |
| Issue | With second spouse: Bezprym With Enmilda: Regelinda, Mieszko II Lambert, Otton With Oda: Matilda |
| Dynasty | Piast dynasty |
| Father | Mieszko I |
| Mother | Dubrawka |
Bolesław I the Brave (or Valiant) (Polish: Bolesław I Chrobry; Czech: Boleslav Chrabrý; 967 - June 17, 1025), in the past also known as Bolesław I the Great (Polish: Bolesław Chrobry I (Wielki)), of the Piast Dynasty — son of Mieszko I and of his first wife, the Bohemian princess Dubrawka — ruled as Duke of Poland, 992-1025, and as first King of Poland in 1025. 967 was a year in the 10th century. Events By Place Europe The Bishopric of Merseburg is formed in Saxony Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland History The cathedral is the supposed place of the Baptism of Mieszko I. Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Life In 965 Mieszko married Dobrawa (Dobrava Dubrawka daughter of Boleslav I, Duke of Bohemia. This article is about a Polish king See also Duke Mieszko II the Fat. Bezprym (986-1032 the firstborn son of King of Poland, Bolesław I Chrobry or Brave and his second wife Judith daughter of Geza of Hungary. This article is about a Polish king See also Duke Mieszko II the Fat. Piast dynasty is the name used since the 17th century for Polish Royal Dynasty that ruled Poland from its beginnings as Duchy ruled by Mieszko Life In 965 Mieszko married Dobrawa (Dobrava Dubrawka daughter of Boleslav I, Duke of Bohemia. Dubrawka of Bohemia ( Czech, Doubravka; Polish, Dobrawa or Dąbrówka; died 977 was the daughter of Duke Boleslav Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the 967 was a year in the 10th century. Events By Place Europe The Bishopric of Merseburg is formed in Saxony Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Piast dynasty is the name used since the 17th century for Polish Royal Dynasty that ruled Poland from its beginnings as Duchy ruled by Mieszko Life In 965 Mieszko married Dobrawa (Dobrava Dubrawka daughter of Boleslav I, Duke of Bohemia. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Dubrawka of Bohemia ( Czech, Doubravka; Polish, Dobrawa or Dąbrówka; died 977 was the daughter of Duke Boleslav A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Events By Place Africa The Ghana Empire captures the Berber town of Awdaghost. Poland, or at least its nucleus was ruled at various times either by książęta (Dukes(ca
Biography
In 984 Bolesław married an unknown daughter of Rikdag (Riddag, Ricdag), Margrave of Meißen. Events By Place Asia Emperor Kazan succeeds Emperor En'yū on the throne of Japan. Rikdag, Ricdag, Riddag, or Rihdag (died 985 was the Margrave of Meissen (or Thuringia from 979 until his death The March or Margraviate of Meissen (Mark(grafschaft Meißen was a mediæval principality a march, of the Holy Roman Empire in the area of the modern Subsequently he married an unknown woman from Hungary, maybe a daughter of Geza, Grand Duke of Hungary; then Emnilda, daughter of Dobromir; and lastly Oda, another daughter of the Margrave of Meißen. Géza (c 945 &ndash 997 Grand Prince of the Magyars (before 972 - 997 Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Dobromir is a commune in Constanţa County, Romania. It includes six villages Dobromir (historical names Dobromir-Vale, Dobromiru His wives bore him sons, including Bezprym, Mieszko II and Otton; and a daughter, Mathilde. Bezprym (986-1032 the firstborn son of King of Poland, Bolesław I Chrobry or Brave and his second wife Judith daughter of Geza of Hungary. This article is about a Polish king See also Duke Mieszko II the Fat. Mathilde Kschessinskaya (Матильда Феликсовна Кшесинская family origin Matylda Krzesińska ( 19 August 1872 (O After his father's death around 992, Bolesław expelled his father's second wife, Oda von Haldensleben, and her sons, thereby attempting to unite Poland again. Oda von Haldensleben (sometimes " Ote " before 978 - 1023 was the daughter of the Margrave of the North March, Theoderich (or Dietrich
In 997 Bolesław sent Saint Adalbert of Prague to Prussia, on the Baltic Sea, on a mission to convert the heathen Prussians to Christianity — an attempt that would end in Adalbert's martyrdom and subsequent canonization. Events By Place Europe First documented reference to the City of Gdańsk. Saint Adalbert ( Czech:; Wojciech c 956&ndash April 23, 997) a Bishop of Prague, was martyred in his efforts to convert the Baltic "Prussians" redirects here "Prussians" may also refer to citizens of the former German state of Prussia. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. "Prussians" redirects here "Prussians" may also refer to citizens of the former German state of Prussia. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom Canonization is the act by which a particular Christian church declares a deceased person to be a Saint and is included in the canon or list of recognized saints
From his father, he had inherited their principality, centered on Greater Poland, being along the river Warta ("valley of Warta"), and much smaller than modern Poland. The Warta (Warthe Varta is a River in western-central Poland, a tributary of the Oder river
By 997, Bolesław already possessed Silesia and Pomerania (with its chief city, Gdańsk) and Lesser Poland (with its chief city, Cracow). Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people Gdańsk ( Polish pronunciation; 'Danzig', Gduńsk Gedania Dantiscum is the City at the centre of the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in Poland Lesser Poland (also "Little Poland" Polish: Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is one of the historical regions of Poland Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland In 1002 Bolesław annexed present-day Moravia, and in 1001 or 1003, parts of present-day Slovakia. Moravia (Morava; Morawy Moravie Moravia is a historical region in central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million
In 1000, Emperor Otto III, while on pilgrimage to the tomb of St. Adalbert at Gniezno, invested Bolesław with the title Frater et Cooperator Imperii ("Brother and Partner in the Empire"). The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Otto III (980 &ndash January 23, 1002) was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire. Saint Adalbert ( Czech:; Wojciech c 956&ndash April 23, 997) a Bishop of Prague, was martyred in his efforts to convert the Baltic Gniezno (Gnesen is a Town in central-western Poland, some 50 km east of Poznań, inhabited by about 73000 people Some historians state that the Emperor also pledged a royal crown to Bolesław. During that same visit, Otto III accepted Gniezno's status as an archbishopric (see Congress of Gniezno). In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead The Congress of Gniezno (Akt von Gnesen Gnesener Übereinkunft Zjazd gnieźnieński took place on March 11 1000.
After the untimely death of the Emperor Otto III at age 22 in 1002, Bolesław supported Eckard I, Margrave of Meissen for the German throne. Otto III (980 &ndash January 23, 1002) was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire. Eckard I ( Ekkehard; died 30 April 1002) was the Margrave of Meissen from 985 until his death When Eckard was assassinated in April, Bolesław lent his support to Henry IV, Duke of Bavaria, and helped make him King as Henry II. Saint Henry II ( May 6, 973 &ndash July 13, 1024) called the Holy or the Saint, was the fifth and last Holy Bolesław and his father had earlier backed Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, against Otto, and Henry IV was the son of the earlier Henry. Henry II (951&ndash995 called the Wrangler or the Quarrelsome, in German Heinrich der Zänker, was the son of Henry I and Judith of Bavaria With Eckard dead, Bolesław laid claim to the March of Meissen as a relative of Eckard through marriage, but Henry only acquiesced to give him the March of Lusatia and detach it from Meissen. The March or Margraviate of Meissen (Mark(grafschaft Meißen was a mediæval principality a march, of the Holy Roman Empire in the area of the modern The March of Lusatia (Mark Lausitz was a conquered territory of the Ljutizi and Milzini between Germany and Poland in the 10th and 11th centuries Henry remained suspicious of Bolesław for his early support for Eckard and Bolesław for his part remained committed to extending his own territories at the expense of the Empire.
Bolesław conquered, and made himself Duke of, Bohemia in 1003 - 1004, ruling as Boleslav IV. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Bolesław (Boleslaus IV of Poland redirects here For a 15th century prince of Masovia see Bolesław IV Warszawski.
At the request of his son-in-law Sviatopolk I of Kiev, the Polish duke intervened in Kievan affairs: not only did he expel Yaroslav the Wise from Kiev, but possibly he deployed his troops in Rus' capital for about half a year (see Kiev Expedition of 1018). Sviatopolk I Vladimirovich ( Sviatopolk the Accursed) (Святополк Окаяний Святополк Окаянный (c Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Yaroslav I the Wise (c 978 in Kiev - February 20, 1054 in Kiev) ( East Slavic: Ярослав Мудрый Christian name According to popular legend Bolesław notched his sword hitting the gate of Kiev (this sword called Szczerbiec is a symbol of polish monarchy). Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Szczerbiec ( literally notched sword) is a Sword that was traditionally used in the coronation ceremony of Polish kings, later Kings of the Rzeczpospolita A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or During this campaign Poland re-annexed the Red Strongholds, later called Red Ruthenia, lost by Bolesław's father in 981. Red Ruthenia ( Червона Русь, Chervona Rus, Polish: Ruś Czerwona, Latin: Ruthenia Rubra or Russia Red Ruthenia ( Червона Русь, Chervona Rus, Polish: Ruś Czerwona, Latin: Ruthenia Rubra or Russia Events By Place Europe The great Viking explorer Eric the Red-haired leaves Norway to survey an island west of Iceland
.jpg/300px-Matejko-chrobry_at_Kiev_(Kijow).jpg)
The intermittent wars with the Holy Roman Empire ended with the Peace of Bautzen in 1018, which left Sorbian Meißen and Lusatia in Polish hands. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Peace of Bautzen (Frieden von Bautzen Pokój w Budziszynie was a Peace treaty signed by Emperor Henry II and Duke Bolesław I the Brave Meissen (in German orthography: Meißen; Sorbian: Mišno; Misena Misnia Misnensium is a Town of approximately 30000 near Upper and Lower Lusatia Upper Lusatia ( Oberlausitz or Hornja Łužica) is today part of the German state of Saxony except for a small part east of
Emperor Henry II obliged Bolesław to pledge his fealty again in exchange for the lands that he held in fief. Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing After Henry's death in 1024, Bolesław crowned himself king (1025), thus raising Poland to the rank of a kingdom and being the first Polish king, his predecessors having been "princes". A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or
Bolesław sent an army to aid his friend — also his nephew, son of his sister Sigrid — Canute the Great in his conquest of England. Sigrid the Haughty, also known as Sigrid Storråda, was a Nordic queen of contested historicity } Canute the Great, also known as Cnut in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, or Knut ( Old Norse: Knútr inn ríki, Norwegian England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
Bolesław's son, Mieszko II, crowned himself king immediately upon his father's death. This article is about a Polish king See also Duke Mieszko II the Fat.
Significance of Bolesław's reign in Polish history
Bolesław was the first Polish king, since it was during his reign that Poland became a kingdom, despite the fact that some Polish rulers before 1295 would never receive a crown. Poland had thus the royal status before their ethnic relatives and neighbors, Bohemia. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the
He was the first Polish ruler that had been baptised at birth. In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted He founded the independent Polish province of the Church and made Poland a strong power in Europe. Power in international relations is defined in several different ways
Bolesław for the first time unified all the provinces that subsequently came to comprise the traditional territory of Poland: Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Masovia, Silesia and Pomerania
He was a national hero to the Sorbs of Lusatia. Greater Poland or Great Poland, Polish Wielkopolska (Großpolen Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland Lesser Poland (also "Little Poland" Polish: Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is one of the historical regions of Poland Masovia or Mazovia (Mazowsze is a geographic and historic region situated in eastern Poland 's Masovian Plain. Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people Sorbs (Serbja Serby also known as Wends, Lusatian Sorbs or Lusatian Serbs, are a Slavic people settled in Lusatia Upper and Lower Lusatia Upper Lusatia ( Oberlausitz or Hornja Łužica) is today part of the German state of Saxony except for a small part east of
See also
Boleslaw I of Poland Piast Dynasty Born: 966 or 967 Died: 17 June 1025 | ||
| Preceded by Mieszko I | Duke of the Polans May 25, 992 — June 17, 1025 King of Poland (since April 18, 1025) | Succeeded by King Mieszko II Lambert |
| Preceded by Vladivoj | Duke of Bohemia 1003 — 1004 | Succeeded by Jaromir |
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