Bolívar's War is a term coined by some historians to refer to a series of independence wars in South America from 1811 to 1825 led by General Simón Bolívar. Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash These wars eventually led to the independence of several South American states from the colonial rule of Spain and the formation of Great Colombia. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Gran Colombia ( Spanish for Great Colombia) is a name used today for the Republic of Colombia of the period 1819-1831
The term Bolívar's Wars was coined to a linked series of emancipation movements in South America in which Bolívar had the command of the patriot forces, therefore it shouldn't be confused with the wars of liberation of the individual countries (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú and Bolivia) but with the time in which Bolívar was the commander in chief of the revolutionary forces. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. For example in Venezuela Bolívar was only appointed commander in chief in 1813 following his victory in the Admirable Campaign and later shared the supreme command with other generals like Santiago Mariño, Manuel Piar and José Francisco Bermúdez. The Admirable Campaign (Campaña Admirable was a military action led by Simón Bolívar in which the provinces of Mérida Barinas Trujillo and Caracas were liberated Santiago Mariño (born July 25, 1788 in Valle del Espíritu Santo, Nueva Esparta; died September 4, 1854 in La Victoria Manuel Carlos Piar (April 28 1774 - October 16 1817 was General -in-Chief of the Army fighting Spain during the Venezuelan War of Independence
Beginning of the independence movement
Independence movements in the northern regions of Spanish South America had an inauspicious beginning in 1806. The Spanish colonization of the Americas was Spain 's conquest settlement and rule over much of the Western hemisphere. The small group of foreign volunteers that the Venezuelan revolutionary Francisco de Miranda brought to his homeland failed to incite the populace to rise against Spanish rule. Sebastián Francisco de Miranda y Rodríguez ( Caracas, March 28, 1750 – in prison El Arsenal de la Carraca, Cadiz, Creoles in the region wanted an expansion of the free trade that was benefiting their plantation economy. At the same time, however, they feared that the removal of Spanish control might bring about a revolution that would destroy their own power.
Creole elites in Venezuela had good reason to fear such a possibility, for one such revolution had recently exploded in the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Beginning in 1791, a massive slave revolt sparked a general insurrection against the plantation system and French colonial power. The rebellion developed into both a civil war, pitting blacks and mulattos against whites, and an international conflict, as England and Spain supported the white plantation owners and rebels, respectively. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. By the first years of the 19th century, the rebels had shattered what had been a model colony and forged the independent nation of Haiti. Haiti ( English: ˈheɪ·tiː or haɪ·ˈjiː·tiː French Haïti a·i·ti Haitian Creole: Partly inspired by those Caribbean events, slaves in Venezuela carried out their own uprisings in the 1790s. Just as it served as a beacon of hope for the enslaved, Haiti was a warning of everything that might go wrong for elites in the cacao-growing areas of Venezuela and throughout slave societies in the Americas.
Independence movement in New Granada
Creole anxieties also contributed to the persistence of a strong loyalist faction in the Viceroyalty of New Granada, but they did not prevent the rise of an independence struggle there. Santiago Martínez Delgado (1906 - 1954 was a Colombian painter sculptor Art historian and writer The Viceroyalty of New Granada (Virreinato de la Nueva Granada was the name given on May 27, 1717 to a Spanish colonial jurisdiction in northern South America Creoles organized revolutionary governments that proclaimed social and economic reforms in 1810 and openly declared a break with Spain the following year. Forces loyal to Spain fought the patriots from the start, leading to a pattern much like that which characterized the Plata: patriot rebels held the capital city and its surroundings but could not dominate large sections of the countryside. Some interpreted an 1812 earthquake that wreaked particular destruction on patriot-held areas as a sign of divine displeasure with the rebels. The year 1812 certainly was the onset of a difficult period for the independence armies of New Granada. The United Provinces of New Granada was a Country in South America from 1812 to 1816, a period known in Colombian history as the Loyalist forces crushed the rebels' military, driving Bolívar into temporary exile.
Bolívar's Campaigns
Venezuelan War of Independence (1811-1812)
For details, see Venezuelan War of Independence
Venezuela declared its independence from Spain July 5, 1811, beginning its wars against that country. The Venezuelan War of Independence was the war fought for the emancipation of what is today Venezuela, between 1811 and 1823 Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
In 1812, Spanish forces led by General Juan Monteverde defeated the Venezuelan revolutionary army, led by Francisco de Miranda, which surrendered at La Victoria in July 12, 1812, effectively ending the first phase of the revolutionary war; Simón Bolívar and other revolutionary leaders fled abroad. La Victoria is Spanish for "The Victory" It is the name of a number of places In Colombia: La Victoria, a town and municipality in Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash
Bolívar in Venezuela (1813-1814)
After his defeat in the Venezuelan War of Independence in 1811-1812. The Venezuelan War of Independence was the war fought for the emancipation of what is today Venezuela, between 1811 and 1823 rebel leader Simón Bolívar fled to New Granada. Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash The United Provinces of New Granada was a Country in South America from 1812 to 1816, a period known in Colombian history as the He later returned with a new army, while the war had entered a tremendously violent phase. After much of the local aristocracy had abandoned the cause of independence, blacks and mulattos carried on the struggle. Elites reacted with open distrust and opposition to the efforts of these common people. Bolívar's forces invaded Venezuela from New Granada in 1813, waging a campaign with a ferocity captured perfectly by their motto, "guerra a muerte" ("war to the death"). Bolívar's forces defeated Domingo de Monteverde's royalist army in a series of battles, taking Caracas in August 6, 1813 and besieging Monteverde at Puerto Cabello in September 1813. Juan Domingo de Monteverde y Rivas (b 1773 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain - d Caracas (kaˈɾakas is the Capital and largest city of Venezuela. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Puerto Cabello is a City on the north coast of Venezuela. It is located in the state of Carabobo about 75km west of Caracas.
With loyalists displaying the same passion and violence, the rebels achieved only short-lived victories. In 1814, heavily reinforced Spanish forces in Venezuela lost a series of battles to Bolívar's forces but then decisively defeated Bolivar at La Puerta in June 15, 1814, took Caracas in July 16, 1814, and again defeated his army at Aragua in August 18, 1814, at a cost of 2,000 Spanish casualties of 10,000 engaged and most of the 3,000 in the rebel army. La Puerta is a village in Catamarca Province, Argentina. It is the head of the Ambato Department. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Other use Aragua de Maturín and Aragua River. Estado Aragua is located in the north-central region of Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Bolívar and other leaders then returned to New Granada.
The army led by the loyalist José Tomás Boves here demonstrated the key military role that the llaneros (cowboys) came to play in the region's struggle. José Tomás Boves ( Oviedo, Asturias, September 18, 1782 - Urica, Venezuela, December 5, 1814) royalist Los Llanos redirect here for the Chilean region see Los Llanos Chile Los Llanos (meaning the flat plains is a vast Tropical grassland Turning the tide against independence, these highly mobile, ferocious fighters made up a formidable military force that pushed Bolívar out of his home country once more.
Spanish Invasion of New Granada (1815-1816)
For details, see Spanish Invasion of New Granada
By 1815, the independence movements in Venezuela and almost all across Spanish South America seemed moribund. The Spanish Invasion of New Granada in 1815&ndash1816 was part of Bolívar's War in South America. A large military expedition sent by Ferdinand VII in that year reconquered Venezuela and most of New Granada. Early life In his youth he occupied the painful position of an heir apparent who was jealously excluded from all share in government by his parents and the royal favorite Yet another invasion led by Bolívar in 1816 fails miserably.
Bolívar in Venezuela (1816-1818)
For details, see Bolívar in Venezuela 1816-18
Bolívar returned to Venezuela in December 1816, again leading a largely unsuccessful insurrection against Spain in 1816-18.
Bolívar in New Granada (1819-1820)
For details, see Bolívar in New Granada
In 1819, Bolívar's forces from Venezuela crossed the Andes into New Granada in June-July 1819. Bolívar's campaign in New Granada in 1819-1820 was part of Bolívar's War, struggle for Independence from Spanish Colonial rule of South America led by Simón Bolívar The Andes form the world's longest exposed Mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. The Viceroyalty of New Granada (Virreinato de la Nueva Granada was the name given on May 27, 1717 to a Spanish colonial jurisdiction in northern South America At Boyacá August 7, his army of 2,000 defeated a Spanish and colonial force of 3,000. The Battle of Boyacá in Colombia, then known as New Granada, was the battle in which Colombia acquired its definitive independence from Spanish Monarchy Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. On August 10, 1819 Bolívar's republican forces took Bogotá. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The Congress of Angostura then elected him the first president of the Republic of [Gran] Colombia. The Congress of Angostura was summoned by Simon Bolivar and took place in Angostura (today Ciudad Bolivar from February 15, 1819 to July Gran Colombia ( Spanish for Great Colombia) is a name used today for the Republic of Colombia of the period 1819-1831
Bolívar in Venezuela (1821)
For details, see Bolívar in Venezuela 1821
Bolívar returned to Venezuela in April 1821, leading an army of 7,000 from New Granada. The Battle of Carabobo, 24 June 1821 was fought between independence fighters led by Simón Bolívar, and the Royalist forces led by Spanish Field Marshal Miguel At Carabobo, June 24, his forces decisively defeated Spanish and colonial forces, winning Venezuelan independence, although hostilities continued. The Battle of Carabobo, 24 June 1821 was fought between independence fighters led by Simón Bolívar, and the Royalist forces led by Spanish Field Marshal Miguel Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place
Republican Campaign in Ecuador
For details, see Republican Campaign in Ecuador
At Pinchincha, Ecuador in May 24, 1822, General Antonio de Sucre's Venezuelan forces defeated Spanish and colonial forces defending Quito, conquering the city. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá ( February 3 1795 &ndash June 4 1830) was a South American independence leader Quito, officially San Francisco de Quito, is the Capital of Ecuador in northwestern South America.
Republican Campaign in Bolivia
For details, see Bolivian Independence War
Bolívar was now president of Gran Colombia and Peru. Gran Colombia ( Spanish for Great Colombia) is a name used today for the Republic of Colombia of the period 1819-1831 Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Only a small section of the continent in Upper Peru was still defended by royalist forces. This article is about a historical region now in Bolivia Alto Perú is also the name of a Shanty town area just outside Lima, Peru (see The liberation of this region fell to Antonio de Sucre, and, in April 1825, he reported that the task had been completed. The new nation chose to be called Bolivia after the name of the Liberator.
Aftermath of Bolívar's War
Simón Bolívar had a dream of uniting all South American, Central American and Caribbean countries and turning them into a single, economically independent country, which he had planned to name Gran Colombia. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting However, internal divisions had resulted in wars, and the fragile South American coalition collapsed.
See also
This is the History of Bolivia.See also the History of Latin America, the History of the Americas, and the History of present-day nations See also History of South America, History of present-day nations and states The History of Colombia has been characterized by the interaction of This is the History of Ecuador. See also the History of South America and the History of present-day nations and states. The history of Peru spans several millennia Peruvian territory was home to the Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest in the world and to the Inca Empire This is the History of Venezuela. See also the History of South America and the History of present-day nations and states.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic