Wild Boar
Conservation status
Least Concern
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Suidae Genus: Sus Species: S. The conservation status of a Species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species remaining extant either in the present day or the near future Least Concern ( LC) is an IUCN category assigned to extant species or lower taxa which have been evaluated but do not qualify for any other category Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands The even-toed ungulates form the Mammal order Artiodactyla. They are Ungulates whose weight is borne (if they have more than two toes about Suidae is the biological family to which Pigs and their relatives belong Pigs, also called hogs or' swine', are Ungulates which have been domesticated as sources of food leather and similar products since ancient times scrofa
Binomial name
Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758

The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is an omnivorous, gregarious mammal of the biological family Suidae (the pig family). Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for Omnivores (from Latin omne all everything vorare to devour are species that eat both Plants and Animals as their primary Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands In Biological classification, family ( Latin Suidae is the biological family to which Pigs and their relatives belong It is native across much of Central Europe, the Mediterranean Region (including North Africa's Atlas Mountains) and much of Asia as far south as Indonesia, and has been introduced elsewhere. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around and surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. The Atlas Mountains ( Kabyle: Idurar n leṭles جبال الأطلس) is a Mountain range across a northern stretch of Africa extending about 2400 The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. It is the wild ancestor of the domestic pig. The domestic Pig (or in some areas hog) is normally given the scientific name Sus scrofa scrofa, though some taxonomists use the term

Although common in France, the wild boar became extinct in Great Britain and Ireland by the 17th century, but wild breeding populations have recently returned in some areas, particularly the Weald, following escapes from boar farms. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Weald (wɪəld is the name given to a physiographic area in south-east England situated between the parallel Chalk Escarpments of the North ^[1]

Contents 1 Name 2 Physical characteristics 3 Behavior 4 Range 4.1 Reconstructed range 4.2 Present range 4.3 Status in Britain 4.4 Introduced wild boars 5 Subspecies 6 Feral pigs 7 Commercial use 8 Mythology, fiction and religion 9 Heraldry and other symbolic use 10 See also 11 References

Name

The term boar is used to denote an adult male of certain species – including, confusingly, domestic pigs. However, for wild boar, it applies to the whole species, including, for instance, "sow wild boar" or "wild boar piglet"^[2]

Physical characteristics

The body of the wild boar is compact; the head is large, the legs relatively short. The fur consists of stiff bristles and usually finer fur. Fur is a body hair of any non-human Mammal, also known as the Pelage. The colour usually varies from dark grey to black or brown, but there are great regional differences in colour; even whitish animals are known from central Asia. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south ^[3] During winter the fur is much denser. The size also varies highly within the range. Full-grown female wild boars (5 years or older) have a body length of about 135 cm (53 in) and a weight of 55–70 kg (120–150 lb) in central Europe, while adult males reach 140–150 centimetres (55–59 in) and weigh between 80 and 90 kg (180 and 200 lb) there. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and In some areas, like Astrachan and the Caucasus, wild boars grow much larger, with males reaching a body length of 200 cm (79 in) and a weight of 200 kg (440 lb). Astrakhan (А́страхань Ästerxan Persian: حاجی‌ترخان Haji-Tarkhan) is a major city in southern European Russia and The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East Even in parts of western France, boars have been caught weighing around 100 kg (220 lb). In the 1930s, animals weighing 260 kg (570 lb) were shot in the Volga delta and at the Syr Daria. Syr Darya (Сырдария Сирдарё Sirdaryoسيردريا also transliterated Syrdarya or Sirdaryo) is a River in Central Asia In the Russian Far East and the Carpathians, males of more than 300 kg (660 lb) have been reported, but due to intensive hunting, the size of wild boars has declined. Russian Far East (Да́льний Восто́к Росси́и ˈdalʲnʲɪj vʌˈstok rʌˈsʲiɪ is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (Carpaţi Czech, Polish and Slovak: Karpaty; Ukrainian: Карпати Currently, animals weighing 200 kg (440 lb) are counted as very large.

Boars also have the ability to leap 3 to 4 feet (0. 91 to 1. 2 m) in the air.

The tusks (the canine teeth) serve as weapons, and grow continuously. A tusk is an extremely long Incisor Tooth of certain Mammals that protrudes when the Mouth is closed The lower tusks of an adult male measure about 20 cm (7. 9 in) (from which seldom more than 10 cm (3. 9 in) protrude out of the mouth), in exceptional cases even 30 cm (12 in). The upper tusks are bent upwards in males, and are regularly ground against each other to produce sharp edges. In females they are smaller, and the upper tusks are only slightly bent upwards in older individuals.

Wild boar piglets are coloured differently from adults, being a soft brown with longitudinal darker stripes. The stripes fade by the time the piglet is about half-grown, when the animal takes on the adult's grizzled grey or brown colour.

Behavior

Wild boars live in groups called sounders. Sounders typically contain around 20 animals, but groups of over 50 have been seen. In a typical sounder there are two or three sows and their offspring; adult males are not part of the sounder outside of a breeding cycle, two to three per year, and are usually found alone. Birth, called farrowing, usually occurs in a secluded area away from the sounder; a litter will typically contain 8-12 piglets. ^{[1](p. 6)} The animals are usually nocturnal, foraging from dusk until dawn but with resting periods during both night and day. As an Animal behavior, nocturnality describes sleeping during the Daytime and being active at Night - the opposite of the diurnal ^{[1](p. 4-5, 8-9)} They eat almost anything they come across, including nuts, berries, carrion, roots, tubers, refuse, insects, small reptiles--even young deer and lambs. The word berry has two meanings one based on a botanical definition the other on common identification Carrion (from the Latin caro, meaning meat refers to the carcass of a dead animal ROOT is an object-oriented program and library developed by CERN. Tubers are various types of modified plant structures that are enlarged to store Nutrients They are used by Plants to overwinter and regrow the next year Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia are air-breathing Cold-blooded Vertebrates that have skin covered in scales as opposed to hair or feathers A deer is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. LaMB is an upcoming Animated film produced by Animax directed by Ryosuke Teiwith the original script written by Carmelo S ^{[1](p. 9-10)}

Boars are the only hoofed animals known to dig burrows, a habit which can be explained by the fact that they are the only known mammals lacking brown adipose tissue. Brown adipose tissue ( BAT) or brown fat is one of the two types of Adipose tissue (the other being White adipose tissue) that is present in many Therefore, they need to find other ways to protect themselves from the cold. For the same reason, piglets often shiver to produce heat themselves. ^[4]

If surprised or cornered, a boar (and particularly a sow with her piglets) can and will defend itself and its young vigorously. The male lowers its head, charges, and then slashes upward with its tusks. The female, which is tuskless, charges with its head up, mouth wide, and bites. Such attacks are rarely fatal to humans, but severe trauma and blood loss can easily result.

Adult wild boar have few natural predators, though there have been cases of predation from tigers,^[5] wolves^[6] and striped hyenas. The tiger ( Panthera tigris) is a member of the Felidae family the largest and the most powerful of the four " Big cats quot in the Genus The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora The Striped Hyena ( Hyaena hyaena) Al Dabea' الضبع Taras तरस is an omnivorous Mammal of the family ^[7]

Range

Reconstructed range

The wild boar was originally found in North Africa and much of Eurasia from the British Isles to Japan and the Sunda Islands. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan For the superstate in George Orwell 's novel see Nations of Nineteen Eighty-Four. The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Sunda Islands are a group of Islands in the western part of the Malay Archipelago. In the north it reached southern Scandinavia and southern Siberia. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving Within this range it was absent in extremely dry deserts and alpine zones. For the climate of the mountains named the Alps, see Climate of the Alps.

A few centuries ago it was found in North Africa along the Nile valley up to Khartum and north of the Sahara. The Nile (النيل, Ancient Egyptian iteru or Ḥ'pī, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing River Khartoum ( الخرطوم al-Kharṭūm) is the Capital of Sudan and of Khartoum State. The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى aṣ-ṣaḥrā´ al-kubra, "The Great Desert" is the world's largest hot Desert and the world's second largest The reconstructed northern boundary of the range in Asia ran from Lake Ladoga (at 60°N) through the area of Novgorod and Moscow into the southern Ural, where it reached 52°N. Lake Ladoga (Лáдожское Óзеро Ladozhskoye Ozero; Laatokka is a Freshwater Lake located in Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Veliky Novgorod (Вели́кий Но́вгород is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia and the administrative center of Novgorod Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Ural (Ура́л is a geographical region around the Ural Mountains, mostly within Russia but also including a part of northwestern Kazakstan. From there the boundary passed Ishim and farther east the Irtysh at 56°N. Ishim (Иши́м is a town in the south of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. Irtysh (Иртыш; Kazakh: Ertis / Эртiс; Иртеш|İrteş; Chinese: Erqisi / 额尔齐斯河) a River in Siberia In the eastern Baraba steppe (near Novosibirsk) the boundary turned steep south, encircled the Altai Mountains, and went again eastward including the Tannu-Ola Mountains and Lake Baikal. The Baraba steppe (also known as Barabinsk steppe, Барабинская низменность is a wooded flat plain situated in western Siberia which is an important History The city was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the great Siberian river Ob, and was known as The Altai Mountains (Алтай Altay; Алтай 阿尔泰山脉 are a Mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, The Tannu-Ola mountains ( Tuvan: tyv Таңды-Уула Tangdy-Uula mountains) is a mountain range in southern Siberia, in the Tuva Republic Lake Baikal (о́зеро Байка́л Ozero Baykal, ˈozʲɪrə bʌjˈkɑl Байгал нуур Baygal nuur) is in Southern Siberia in Russia From here the boundary went slightly north of the Amur River eastward to its lower reaches at the China Sea. The China Seas consists of the seas of the Western Pacific Ocean Yellow Sea East China Sea South China Sea At Sachalin there are only fossil reports of wild boar. Sakhalin (Сахали́н səxʌˈlʲin Japanese:nihongo|樺太|karafuto or; Chinese: 庫頁 Kùyè also Saghalien, is a large elongated FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. The southern boundaries in Europe and Asia were almost everywhere identical to the sea shores of these continents. In dry deserts and high mountain ranges, the wild boar is naturally absent. So it is absent in the dry regions of Mongolia from 44-46°N southward, in China westward of Sichuan and in India north of the Himalaya. Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National ( Postal map spelling: Szechwan and Szechuan) is a province in western China with its capital in Chengdu. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country In high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan they are also absent; however, at Tarim basin and on the lower slopes of the Tien Shan they do occur. The Tian Shan (天山 Pinyin: Tiān Shān "celestial mountains" also commonly spelled Tien Shan, is a Mountain range located in Central The Tarim Basin ( is a large Endorheic basin occupying an area of more than 400000 km² ^[3]

Present range

In recent centuries, the range of wild boar changed dramatically because of hunting by humans. They probably became extinct in Great Britain in the 13th century: certainly none remained in southern England by 1610, when King James I reintroduced them to Windsor Great Park. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James Windsor Great Park (locally referred to simply as the Great Park) is a large Deer Park of 5000 acres to the south of the town of Windsor This attempt failed due to poaching, and later attempts met the same fate. Poaching is the illegal Hunting, Fishing or Harvesting of wild plants or animals By 1700 there were no wild boar remaining in Britain.

In Denmark the last boar was shot at the beginning of the 19th century, and in 1900 they were absent in Tunisia and Sudan and large areas of Germany, Austria and Italy. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest In Russia they were extinct in wide areas in the 1930s, and the northern boundary has shifted far to the south, especially in the parts to the west of the Altai Mountains. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Altai Mountains (Алтай Altay; Алтай 阿尔泰山脉 are a Mountain range in central Asia, where Russia,

By contrast, a strong and growing population of boar has remained in France, where they are hunted for food and sport, especially in the rural central and southern parts of that country. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

By 1950 wild boar had once again reached their original northern boundary in many parts of their Asiatic range. By 1960 they reached Saint Petersburg and Moscow, and by 1975 they were to be found in Archangelsk and Astrakhan. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Arkhangelsk (Арха́нгельск formerly called Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast Astrakhan (А́страхань Ästerxan Persian: حاجی‌ترخان Haji-Tarkhan) is a major city in southern European Russia and In the 1970s they again occurred in Denmark and Sweden, where captive animals escaped and survive in the wild. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. In the 1990s they migrated into Tuscany in Italy. Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3

Status in Britain

Between then and the 1980s, when wild boar farming began, only a handful of captive wild boar, imported from the continent, were present in Britain. Because wild boar are included in the Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976, certain legal requirements have to be met prior to setting up a farm. The Dangerous Wild Animals Act of 1976 is a Law of the United Kingdom that was originally enacted to deal with the increasing fashion in the late 1960's and early 1970's of people A licence to keep boar is required from the local council, who will appoint a specialist to inspect the premises and report back to the council. Requirements include secure accommodation and fencing, correct drainage, temperature, lighting, hygiene, ventilation and insurance. Occasional escapes of wild boar have occurred since the 1970s. Early escapes occurred from Wildlife Parks, but since the early 1990s more escapes have been from farms, the number of which has increased as the demand for wild boar meat has grown. By the 1990s, a breeding population was rumoured to have established in areas of Kent and East Sussex. KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format East Sussex is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the In 1998, a MAFF (now DEFRA) study on wild boar living wild in Britain confirmed the presence of two populations of wild boar living in Britain, one in Kent and East Sussex and another in Dorset. The Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs ( Defra) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for environmental protection Dorset ( (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast ^[1]

Introduced wild boars

At the beginning of the 20th century, wild boar were introduced for hunting in the United States, where they interbred in parts with free roaming domestic pigs. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The domestic Pig (or in some areas hog) is normally given the scientific name Sus scrofa scrofa, though some taxonomists use the term In South America, New Guinea, New Zealand, Australia and other islands, wild boar have also been introduced by humans and have partially interbred with domestic pigs. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a New Guinea, located just north of Australia, is the world's second largest island, having become separated from the Australian mainland when the area now known New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

Subspecies

Sus scrofa has wild subspecies, each occupying distinct geographical areas:

• Sus scrofa scrofa (western Africa, Europe)
• Sus scrofa ussuricus (northern Asia and Japan)
• Sus scrofa cristatus (Asia Minor, India)
• Sus scrofa vittatus (Indonesia)
• Sus scrofa taivanus (Formosan Wild Boar 台灣野豬（山豬)）^[8] (Taiwan)

The domestic pig is usually regarded as a further subspecies, Sus scrofa domestica – but sometimes as a separate species, Sus domestica. Ranthambhore National Park is one of the largest and most famous National parks in northern India. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The domestic Pig (or in some areas hog) is normally given the scientific name Sus scrofa scrofa, though some taxonomists use the term Different subspecies can usually be distinguished by the relative lengths and shapes of their lacrimal bones. The lacrimal bone, the smallest and most fragile Bone of the face is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. S. scrofa cristatus and S. scrofa vittatus have shorter lacrimal bones than European subspecies. ^[9] Spanish and French boar specimens have 36 chromosomes, as opposed to wild boar in the rest of Europe which possess 38, the same number as domestic pigs. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and Protein that is found in cells. Boars with 36 chromosomes have successfully mated with animals possessing 38, resulting in fertile offspring with 37 chromosomes. ^[10]

Feral pigs

Domestic pigs quite readily become feral, and feral populations often revert to a similar appearance to wild boar; they can then be difficult to distinguish from natural or introduced true wild boar (with which they also readily interbreed). A feral organism is one that has escaped from Domestication and returned partly or wholly to its wild state The characterization of populations as feral pig, escaped domestic pig or wild boar is usually decided by where the animals are encountered and what is known of their history. In New Zealand, for example, feral pigs are known as "Captain Cookers" from their supposed descent from liberations and gifts to Māori by explorer Captain James Cook in the 1770s. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island This article discusses the Māori people of New Zealand For their language see Māori language, and for other meanings see Māori (disambiguation. Captain James Cook FRS RN ( – 14 February 1779) was an English Explorer, Navigator and ^[11] New Zealand feral pigs are also frequently known as "tuskers", due to their appearance.

One characteristic by which domestic and feral animals are differentiated is their coats. Feral animals almost always have thick, bristly coats ranging in colour from brown through grey to black. A prominent ridge of hair matching the spine is also common, giving rise to the name razorback in the southern United States, where they are common. Razorbacks, also referred to as an Old World swine, Eurasian wild Boar, or Russian wild boar, are Feral Pigs that were brought The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive The tail is usually long and straight. Feral animals tend also to have longer legs than domestic breeds and a longer and narrower head and snout.

A very large swine dubbed Hogzilla was shot in Georgia, USA in June 2004. Hogzilla is the name given to a wild hog hybrid that was shot and killed in Alapaha Georgia, United States, on June 17, 2004 The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule ^[12] Initially thought to be a hoax, the story became something of an internet sensation. National Geographic Explorer investigated the story, sending scientists into the field. Overview The NGS's historical mission is "to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge while promoting the conservation of the world's cultural historical and natural After exhuming the animal and performing DNA testing, it was determined that Hogzilla was a hybrid of wild boar and domestic swine. Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is a Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known ^[13]

Commercial use

The hair of the boar was often used for the production of the toothbrush until the invention of synthetic materials in the 1930s. The toothbrush is an instrument consisting of a small Brush on a handle used to clean Teeth through Tooth brushing. ^[14] The hair for the bristles usually came from the neck area of the boar. While such brushes were popular because the bristles were soft, this was not the best material for oral hygiene as the hairs were slow to dry and usually retained bacteria. Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the Mouth and Teeth clean in order to prevent dental problems and bad breath. Today's toothbrushes are made with plastic bristles.

Boar hair is used in the manufacture of boar-bristle hairbrushes, which are considered to be gentler on hair--and much more expensive--than common plastic-bristle hairbrushes.

Boar hair is used in the manufacture of paintbrushes, especially those used for oil painting. Boar bristle paintbrushes are stiff enough to spread thick paint well, and the naturally split or "flagged" tip of the untrimmed bristle helps hold more paint.

Despite claims that boar bristles have been used in the manufacture of premium dart boards for use with steel-tipped darts, these boards are, in fact, made of other materials and fibers – the finest ones from sisal rope. Darts refers to a variety of related games in which darts are thrown at a circular target (dartboard hung on a wall

In many countries, boar are farmed for their meat, and in countries such as France, for example, boar (sanglier) may often be found for sale in butcher shops or offered in restaurants (although the consumption of wild boar meat has been linked to transmission of Hepatitis E in Japan). Hepatitis E is a viral Hepatitis (liver inflammation caused by Infection with a Virus called hepatitis E virus ( HEV) ^[15]

Mythology, fiction and religion

In Greek mythology, two boars are particularly well known. In Hinduism, Varaha (वाराह is the third Avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a Boar. Khajuraho (खजुराहो is a village in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, located in Chhatarpur District, about 385 miles (620 kilometres Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance The Erymanthian Boar was hunted by Hercules as one of his Twelve Labours, and the Calydonian Boar was hunted in the Calydonian Hunt by dozens of other mythological heroes, including some of the Argonauts and the huntress Atalanta. In Greek mythology, the Erymanthian Boar is remembered in connection with The Twelve Labours, in which Hercules is the Roman name for the Mythical Greek hero Heracles, son of Zeus and the mortal Alcmena. The Twelve Labours of Hercules (Greek Δωδεκαθλος, dodekathlos) age a series of archaic episodes connected by a later continuous narrative concerning The Calydonian Boar is one of the monsters of Greek mythology that had to be overcome by heroes of the Olympian age For other uses of this term see Argonaut. In Greek mythology, the Argonauts ( Ancient Greek:) were a band of heroes Atalanta (Αταλάντη English translation: "balanced" is a character from ancient Greek mythology.

In Celtic mythology the boar was sacred to the goddess Arduinna,^[16][17] and boar hunting features in several stories of Celtic and Irish mythology. Celtic mythology is the Mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the Religion of the Iron Age Celts Like other Iron Age In Celtic mythology, Arduinna ( Arduina Arduinnae Arduinne) was the eponymous goddess of the Ardennes Forest and region represented as a huntress The Mythology of pre-Christian Ireland did not entirely survive the conversion to Christianity, but much of it was preserved shorn of its religious meanings One such story is that of how Fionn mac Cumhaill ("Finn McCool") lured his rival Diarmuid Ua Duibhne to his death - gored by a wild boar. Fionn mac Cumhaill (ˈɸʲiːn̪ˠ mˠak ˈkũw̃aːlʲ in Irish, ˈfɪn mə ˈkuːl in English) (earlier Finn or Find mac Cumail or mac Diarmuid Ua Duibhne or Diarmid O'Dyna (also known as Diarmuid of the love spot is a son of Donn and a warrior of the Fianna in the Fenian Cycle

Ares, the Greek god of war, had the ability to transform himself into a wild boar, and even gored his son to death in this form to prevent the young man from growing too attractive and stealing his wife, similar to Oedipus marrying his own mother. In Greek mythology, Ares ( Ancient Greek:, Μodern Greek Άρης) is the son of Zeus and Hera. Oedipus (pronounced /ˈɛdəpəs/ in American English or /ˈiːdəpəs/ in British English; Greek: Oidípous meaning "swollen-footed"

The Norse gods Freyr and Freyja both had boars. Norse mythology comprises the indigenous pre-Christian religion, beliefs and Legends of the Scandinavian peoples including those who settled on Iceland "Frey" redirects here For other uses of Frey and Freyr, see Frey (disambiguation. Freyja (sometimes anglicized as Freya) is a major goddess in Norse Paganism, a subset of Germanic Paganism. Freyr's boar was named Gullinbursti ("Golden Mane"), who was manufactured by the dwarf Sindri due to a bet between Sindri's brother Brokkr and Loki. Gullinbursti (meaning "Gold Mane or Golden Bristles" is a Boar in Norse mythology. In Norse mythology, Sindri (from the Old Norse sindr: "spark" is the name of both a character (probably a dwarf) and a hall that will Brokkr is a dwarf from Norse mythology, brother of Eitri (or Sindri) In Cryptography, LOKI89 and LOKI91 are Block ciphers designed as possible replacements for the Data Encryption Standard (DES The bristles in Gullinbursti's mane glowed in the dark to illuminate the way for his owner. Freya rode the boar Hildesvini (Battle Swine) when she was not using her cat-drawn chariot. In Norse mythology, Hildisvíni (“battle swine” was Freyja's Boar which she rode when not using her cat-drawn Chariot. According to the poem Hyndluljóð, Freyja concealed the identity of her protégé Óttar by turning him into a boar. Hyndluljóð or Lay of Hyndla is an Old Norse poem often considered a part of the Poetic Edda. In Norse Mythology, Óttar, also known as Óttar the Simple, was a protégé of the goddess Freyja. In Norse mythology, the boar was generally associated with fertility as well as a protective talisman in war, due to the animal's sometimes fierce nature.

In Persia (Iran) during the Sassanid Empire, boars were respected as fierce and brave creatures, and the adjective "Boraz (Goraz)" (meaning boar) was sometimes added to a person's name to show his bravery and courage. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire The famous Sassanid spahbod, Shahrbaraz, who conquered Egypt and the Levant, had his name derived Shahr(city) + Baraz(boar like/brave) meaning "Boar of the City". Spahbod or Spahbed ( Persian: سپهبد in Modern Persian Sepahbod, is derived from the words Spah سپه army bod Shahrbaraz (or Shahrwaraz) (died June 9, 630) was a general with the rank of Eran Spahbod ( Commander of the Army of Iran) under This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the

In Hindu mythology, the third avatar of the Lord Vishnu was Varaha, a boar. Hindu mythology is the large body of Mythology related to Hinduism, notably as contained in Sanskrit literature, such as the Sanskrit epics and Avatar or Avatara (अवतार IAST Avatāra) is often inaccurately translated into English as incarnation For other meanings see Vishnu (disambiguation. Vishnu ( IAST viṣṇu Devanagari विष्णु (honorific In Hinduism, Varaha (वाराह is the third Avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a Boar.

In Chinese horoscope the boar (sometimes also translated as pig), is one of the twelve animals of the zodiac, based on the legends about its creation, either involving Buddha or the Jade Emperor. The Chinese Zodiac is a 12 year cycle Each year of the 12 year cycle is named after one of the original 12 animals Hai ( 亥) is the twelfth sign of the Earthly Branches. Its animal representation is the Boar ( 豬) Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder The Jade Emperor ( or 玉帝 Yù Dì) is the Taoist ruler of Heaven and all realms of existence below including that of Man and Hell

In the Asterix comic series, wild boar are the favourite food of Obelix whose immense appetite means that he can eat several roasted boar in a single sitting. The Adventures of Asterix ( French: Astérix or Astérix le Gaulois) is a series of French Obelix (Fr Obélix) is a Sidekick with superhuman strength in the Asterix Comic books He is Asterix ' closest friend (they even have

Heraldry and other symbolic use

Main article: Boars in heraldry

The wild boar and a boar's head are common charges in heraldry. The Wild boar and a boar's head are common charges in Heraldry. In Heraldry and Vexillology, a charge is an image occupying the field on an escutcheon (or shield Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. It represents what are often seen as the positive qualities of the boar, namely courage and fierceness in battle.

See also

• List of pigs
• Boar hunting

References

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