Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. Liquid is one of the principal States of matter. A liquid is a Fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells ��such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products A blood cell (also called blood corpuscle) is any cell of any type normally found in Blood. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume. The volume of any solid plasma vacuum or theoretical object is how much three- Dimensional space it occupies often quantified numerically It is comprised of mostly water (90% by volume), and contains dissolved proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), as well as the actual blood cells. Blood plasma is prepared simply by spinning a tube of fresh blood in a centrifuge until the blood cells fall to the bottom of the tube. A centrifuge is a piece of equipment generally driven by a motor that puts an object in Rotation around a fixed axis, applying a force perpendicular to the axis The blood plasma is then poured or drawn off. Blood serum is blood plasma without fibrinogen or the other clotting factors. Fibrin (also called Factor Ia) is a Protein involved in the clotting of blood ^[1]

Plasmapheresis is a type of medical therapy involving separation of plasma from red blood cells. Plasmapheresis (from the Greek plasma, something molded and apheresis, taking away is the removal treatment and return of (components of Blood

Fresh frozen plasma

Main article: Fresh frozen plasma

"Fresh frozen plasma" (FFP) is prepared from a single unit of blood or by apheresis, drawn from a single person. Fresh Frozen Plasma ( FFP) is defined as the fluid portion of one unit of Human blood that has been centrifuged separated and frozen solid at -18° C (or colder UNIT ( U nited N ations I ntelligence T askforce later the UN ified I ntelligence T askforce is a fictional military It is frozen (-40F Degrees) after collection and can be stored for ten years from date of collection. A year (from Old English gēr) is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun FFP contains all of the coagulation factors and proteins present in the original unit of blood. It is used to treat coagulopathies from warfarin overdose, liver disease, or dilutional coagulopathy. Coagulopathy is a medical term for a defect in the body's mechanism for Blood Clotting. Warfarin (also known under the brand names Coumadin, Jantoven, Marevan, and Waran) is an Anticoagulant. Liver disease is a broad term describing any number of Diseases affecting the Liver. FFP which has been stored more than the standard length of time is sometimes re-classified as simply "frozen plasma," which is identical except that the coagulation factors are no longer considered completely viable. Length is the long Dimension of any object The length of a thing is the distance between its ends its linear extent as measured from end to end ^[2]

Plasma which has been used as a source of Cryoprecipitate (Plasma, Cryoprecipitate Reduced) is more limited, but still acceptable for many uses. Cryoprecipitate, also called "Cryoprecipitated Antihemophilic Factor" "Cryoprecipitated AHF" and most commonly just "cryo" is a frozen blood product prepared The term "FFP" is sometimes used informally to mean any frozen transfusable plasma product, including products which do not meet the standards for FFP

Dried plasma

Dried plasma packages used by Britain and US military during WWII

"Dried plasma" was developed and first used in WWII. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Prior to the United States' involvement in the war, liquid plasma and "whole blood" were used. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The "Blood for Britain" program during the early 1940s was quite successful (and popular in the United States) based in part on Dr. Charles Drew's contribution. Dr Charles Richard Drew ( June 3, 1904 – April 1, 1950) was an American Physician and medical researcher A large project was begun in August of the year 1940 to collect blood in New York City hospitals for the export of plasma to Britain. For all other uses see Project (disambiguation. A project, as defined in the field of Project management, consists of a temporary The City of New York The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Dr. Drew was appointed medical supervisor of the "Plasma for Britain" project. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the His notable contribution at this time was to transform the test tube methods of many blood researchers, including himself, into the first successful mass production techniques. A test tube, also known as a culture tube, sample tube, test flute or flaccid flute, is a piece of Laboratory glassware composed of Research is defined as Human activity based on Intellectual application in the investigation of Matter. Mass production (also called flow production, repetitive flow production, series production, or serial production) is the production of

Nonetheless, the decision was made to develop a dried plasma package for the armed forces as it would reduce breakage and make the transportation, packaging, and storage much simpler. Drying is a Mass transfer process resulting in the removal of water Moisture or moisture from another Solvent, by Evaporation from a Solid For the military meaning see Armed forces. For the Soviet sports society see Armed Forces (sports society Armed Forces ^[3]

The resulting Army-Navy dried plasma package came in two tin cans containing 400 cc bottles. An army (from Latin Armata "act of arming" via Old French armée) in the broadest sense is the land-based Armed forces A tin can, also called a tin (especially in British English) or a can, is an air-tight container for the distribution or storage of A cubic centimetre or cubic centimeter (symbol cm3 —the abbreviation cc, though widely used is deprecated is a commonly used unit of Volume One bottle contained enough distilled water to completely reconstitute the dried plasma contained within the other bottle. Purified water is water from any source that is physically processed to remove impurities In about three minutes, the plasma would be ready to use and could stay fresh for around four hours. A minute is a Unit of measurement of Time or of Angle. The minute is a unit of Time equal to 1/60th of an Hour or 60 The hour (symbol h) is a unit of Time. It is not an SI unit but is accepted for use with the SI ^[4]

Following the "Plasma for Britain" invention, Dr. Drew was named director of the Red Cross blood bank and assistant director of the National Research Council, in charge of blood collection for the United States Army and Navy. An executive director is the senior manager or Executive officer of an Organization, company, or Corporation. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an International humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers worldwide who stated A blood bank is a cache or bank of Blood or blood components, gathered as a result of Blood donation, stored and preserved for later use in Blood transfusions Dr. Drew argued against the armed forces directive that blood/plasma was to be separated by the race of the donor. The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets Dr. Drew argued that there was no racial difference in human blood and that the policy would lead to needless deaths as soldiers and sailors were required to wait for "same race" blood. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus A policy is a deliberate plan of action to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome(s Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific A soldier is a general English term that refers to a member of a land component of National Armed forces.

By the end of the war the American Red Cross had provided enough blood for over six million plasma packages. Most of the surplus plasma was returned to the United States for civilian use. A civilian under International humanitarian law is a person who is not a member of his or her Country 's Armed forces. Serum albumin replaced dried plasma for combat use during the Korean War. Serum albumin, often referred to simply as albumin, is the most abundant Plasma protein in humans and other Mammals Albumin is essential for maintaining The ComBat was an Aluminium Cricket bat and the subject of an incident that occurred at the WACA cricket ground in Perth in December 1979. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the ^[5]

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