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Blood libels are sensationalized allegations that a person or group engages in human sacrifice, often accompanied by the claim that the blood of victims is used in various rituals and/or acts of cannibalism. Human sacrifice is the act of Homicide (the Killing of one or several Human beings in the context of a Religious ritual ( ritual killing Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products A ritual is a set of actions often thought to have Symbolic value the performance of which is usually prescribed by a Religion or by the Traditions Cannibalism (from Spanish es ''caníbal'' in connection with cannibalism among the Antillean Caribs, also called anthropophagy (from Greek ἄνθρωπος The alleged victims are often children. See also Religious abuse, and Infanticide Child sacrifice is the Ritualistic Killing of Children in

Some of the best documented cases of blood libel focus upon accusations against Jews, but many other groups have been accused throughout history, including Christians, Cathars, Carthaginians, Knights Templar, witches, Wiccans, Christian heretics, Roma, neopagans, Native Americans, atheists, communists, and satanists. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order Witchcraft, in various historical anthropological religious and mythological contexts is the use of certain kinds of Supernatural or magical powers Heresy, as a blanket term describes a practice or belief that is labeled as unorthodox The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins Neopaganism or Neo-Paganism is an Umbrella term used to identify a wide variety of modern religious movements particularly those influenced by historical For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. Atheism Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Satanic ritual abuse ( SRA, sometimes known as ritual abuse, cult related abuse, ritualized abuse, sadistic ritual abuse, ritual

Contents

Against Jews

Fresco in St Paul's Church in Sandomierz, Poland, depicting blood libel
Fresco in St Paul's Church in Sandomierz, Poland, depicting blood libel
Main article: Blood libel against Jews

The first recorded instance of a blood libel against Jews was in the writings of Apion, who claimed that the Jews sacrificed Greek victims in the Temple of Jerusalem. Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or Sandomierz (Sandomir Sandomiria is a city in south-eastern Poland with 25714 inhabitants ( 2006) Blood libels against Jews are false accusations that Jews use Human blood in certain aspects of their Religious rituals and holidays Although Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name After this, there are no existent records of the blood libel against the Jews until the 12th century legend surrounding William of Norwich, first recorded in the Peterborough Chronicle. Saint William of Norwich (1132? - 22 March 1144) was an English boy whose violent death was falsely attributed to the entire Jewish community of Norwich The Peterborough Chronicle (also called the Laud Manuscript) one of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles ' contains unique information about the The libel afterward became an increasingly common accusation. In many subsequent cases, antisemitic blood libels served as the basis for a blood libel cult, in which the alleged victim of human sacrifice was venerated as a Christian martyr. Many Jews were killed as a result of false blood libels, which continued into the 20th century, with the Beilis Trial in Russia and the Kielce pogrom in post-World War II Poland. "Beilis trial" "Beilis affair" redirect here Menahem Mendel Beilis spelled '''Beiliss'''''Blood Accusation The Kielce pogrom refers to the events that occurred on July 4 1946 in the Polish town of Kielce. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Against Christians

During the first and second centuries, some Roman commentators had various interpretations of the ritual of the Eucharist and related teachings. The 1st century was the Century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Julian calendar. The 2nd century is the period from 101 to 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those While celebrating the Eucharist, Christians drink red wine in response to the words "This is the blood of Christ". Propaganda arguing that the Christians literally drank blood based on their belief in transubstantiation was written and used to persecute Christians. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people See also Eucharist (Catholic Church On the related belief that Christ is present in the Eucharist in body blood soul and divinity see Real Presence. The persecution of Christians refers to the Religious persecution of Christians both historically and in the current era Romans were highly suspicious of Christian adoptions of abandoned Roman babies and this was suggested as a possible source of the blood. Adoption is the act of legally placing a child with a Parent or parents other than those to whom they were born

In the Mandaean scripture, the Ginza Rba, a purportedly Christian group called the "Minunei" are accused of it against the Jews: "They kill a Jewish child, they take his blood, they cook it in bread and they proffer it to them as food. Mandaeism or Mandaeanism ( Mandaic: Mandaiuta, مندائية Mandā'iyya) is a Monotheistic Religion with a strongly Ginza Rba ("The Great Treasure" in Mandaic) or Siddra Rba, "The Great Book" ( Arabic كنزا ربا) is one of many holy "[1]

Blood libels in the modern world

Accusations of ritual murder have gradually disappeared from mainstream Christianity, and some child martyrs have been removed from the official Catholic calendar of saints. The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints In the modern world, only radical groups and individuals advance accusations of ritual murder and blood libels.

One claim states that physicians in the People's Republic of China who perform abortions consider the fetus a delicacy and eat it. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES [2] The story, reported from Hong Kong by Bruce Gilley, was investigated by Senator Jesse Helms, and gruesome artwork reminiscent of traditional depictions of blood libel was featured in several pro-life campaigns. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Jesse Alexander Helms Jr (October 18 1921 – July 4 2008 was a five-term Republican United States Senator from North Carolina who served as chairman Overview See also Ethical aspects of abortion Pro-life individuals generally believe that human life should be valued either from conception or Implantation [3] The only use for "human fetal tissue" is in the medical research field, particularly stem cell research. Stem cells are cells found in most if not all multi-cellular Organisms. [4][5]

Another contemporary blood libel in the United States alleges, falsely, that both neopagans and Satanists use human blood, sexual abuse, or ritual murder, especially of children, in their rituals. Satanic ritual abuse ( SRA, sometimes known as ritual abuse, cult related abuse, ritualized abuse, sadistic ritual abuse, ritual Often Satanism, all of the diverse neopagan religions, the role playing game Dungeons & Dragons, and sometimes Roman Catholicism and liberal or non-fundamentalist Christian denominations, are portrayed as expressions of one monolithic and ancient global conspiracy of Satan-worshippers. For other uses of the word see Satanism (disambiguation. Satanism can refer to a number of belief systems depending on the user and context Neopaganism or Neo-Paganism is an Umbrella term used to identify a wide variety of modern religious movements particularly those influenced by historical Dungeons & Dragons (abbreviated as D&D or DnD) is a Fantasy Role-playing game (RPG originally designed by Mike Warnke,[6] William Schnoebelen,[7] Lawrence Pazder and Michelle Smith,[8] Jon Watkins,[9] Bill Pricer, and Ken Wooden[10] are some of the voices of these libels. Michael Alfred "Mike" Warnke (born November 19, 1946, in Evansville Indiana) is a Christian evangelist and Comedian Lawrence (Larry Pazder ( April 30, 1936 - March 5, 2004) was a Canadian Psychiatrist and author

Comparison of Brown's cartoon (right) and Goya's painting (left).
Comparison of Brown's cartoon (right) and Goya's painting (left).

Many Jewish groups were shocked in 2003 by the British newspaper The Independent's publication of a cartoon depicting Ariel Sharon eating a baby. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. [11] The Israeli government complained to the Press Complaints Commission that the cartoon alluded to the blood libel of Jews eating the children of Christians; Dave Brown, the author, responded that the cartoon was in fact inspired by Francisco de Goya's painting Saturn Devouring His Son and was not anti-Semitic in intent. The Press Complaints Commission is a regulatory body for British printed Newspapers and Magazines consisting of representatives of the major publishers Saturn Devouring His Son is the name given to a painting by Spanish artist Francisco Goya. The PCC accepted Brown's argument, stating "There is nothing inherently anti-semitic about the Goya image or about the myth of Saturn devouring his children, which has been used previously to satirise other politicians accused of sacrificing their own 'children' for political purposes". [12] The cartoon ultimately earned Brown the British Political Cartoon Society's Political Cartoon of the Year award.

Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, during his March 2006 failed bid for re-election, said communists had a history of boiling babies. (born 29 September 1936 is an Italian politician, Entrepreneur, Real estate and Insurance Tycoon, Bank and Media proprietor [13] "I have been accused many times of saying communists eat babies," said Berlusconi at a rally of his Forza Italia party. Forza Italia (Forward Italy FI is a Christian-democratic, liberal and liberal-conservative Italian political party led by Silvio [13] "Go and read the Black Book on Communism and you'll find that under Mao's China they didn't eat babies but they boiled them to fertilise the fields. The Black Book of Communism Crimes Terror Repression is a book which describes a history of Repressions both Political and Civilian, by "[13] Despite Berlusconi's 2006 denial that he has ever said that 'communists eat babies,' in the 2001 campaign, Berlusconi said "I can organise a conference in which I will prove communists have really eaten babies and done even worse things. [13]

In July 2007, American Michael Yon reported that Lieutenant David Wallach, an Arabic translator, had told him an Iraqi official's allegations that Al-Qaeda in Iraq has baked a young boy and served the boy's body to his family. Michael Yon (born 1964 is an American Author, independent Reporter, and Blogger He has been embedded on numerous occasions with American and Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI is a group playing an active role in the Iraqi insurgency. [14] These claims were later repeated in articles by the conservative American website World Net Daily. WorldNetDaily, also known as WND, is a socially conservative news and opinion website founded in 1997. [15][16]

Occasionally, antisemitic accusations of ritual murder still can be found in Islamist propaganda and state-sponsored media published in a number of Muslim nations. Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only [17]

In the 1990s, a number of publications by Russian Orthodox Church, as well as radio and TV broadcasts in Belarus revived medieval allegations of ritual murder of child saint Gavriil Belostoksky. See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Gavriil Belostoksky (alternatively Gavrila or Gabriel Гавриил Белостокский ( April 2 O [18] The revival of the cult was cited as a dangerous expression of antisemitism in international reports on human rights and religious freedoms[19][20][21] and were passed to the UNHCR. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR (established December 14, 1950) is a [22][23]

In 2006, Chinese nationalist Li Ao in his TV talk show, in an attempt to portray the 1950 People's Liberation Army invasion of Tibet as a humanitarian intervention, claimed that the Dalai Lama had commanded human sacrifices, asking his followers to "tear out human skin" for "some religious ceremony". Chinese nationalism ( sometimes synonymous with Chinese Patriotism ( lit Alternative meaning Li Ao (772-841 Li Ao ( (born April 25, 1935) is a writer social commentator Historian, The People's Liberation Army (PLA defeated the Tibetan army in a war at Chamdo on October 7 1950 Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso (born Lhamo Döndrub ( 6 July 1935 in Qinghai) He is the head of the Tibetan government-in-exile [24]

See also

References

  1. ^ Ginza Rba 9. Vampires are mythological or folkloric revenants who subsist by feeding on the blood of the living "Witch trial" redirects here For the song by Rush, see Fear series. Host Desecration is a form of Sacrilege in Christianity, involving the mistreatment or malicious use of a consecrated Host, or communion wafer Child cannibalism, or fetal cannibalism describes the act of eating a child or Fetus. Satanic ritual abuse ( SRA, sometimes known as ritual abuse, cult related abuse, ritualized abuse, sadistic ritual abuse, ritual Human sacrifice is the act of Homicide (the Killing of one or several Human beings in the context of a Religious ritual ( ritual killing 1
  2. ^ Fetus Feast. Snopes.com (2007-02-03). Snopes (ˈsnoʊps also known as the Urban Legends Reference Pages, is a Web site that is the most widely-known resource for validating or debunking Urban legends Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Retrieved on 2007-10-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony
  3. ^ Chinese Eating Fetuses: Christian Pornography
  4. ^ Human-tissue-use. Office of Human Subjects Research, United States National Institute of Health (2000-09-20). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Retrieved on 2007-10-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony
  5. ^ ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC OR FETAL TISSUE FOR EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL NEUROTRANSPLANTATION AND RESEARCH. Network of European CNS Transplantation and Restoration (1996-02-21). Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Retrieved on 2007-10-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony
  6. ^ Mike Warnke: The Satan Seller
  7. ^ William Schnoebelen: Wicca: Satan's Little White Lie
  8. ^ Michelle Smith: Michelle Remembers
  9. ^ Witchcraft and Wicca
  10. ^ Ken Wooden: Child Lures
  11. ^ Bunder, Leslie. Michael Alfred "Mike" Warnke (born November 19, 1946, in Evansville Indiana) is a Christian evangelist and Comedian Michelle Remembers is a book published in 1980 co-written by Canadian Psychiatrist Dr "Grotesque" cartoon award. Something Jewish. Retrieved on 2007-10-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony
  12. ^ Bryne, Ciar. "Independent cartoon cleared of anti-semitism", Guardian Unlimited, 2003-05-22. guardiancouk, formerly known as Guardian Unlimited, is a British website owned by the Guardian Media Group. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Retrieved on 2007-10-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony  
  13. ^ a b c d "Berlusconi's communist claims", Sydney Morning Herald, 2006-03-27. The Sydney Morning Herald ( SMH) is a daily Broadsheet Newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Retrieved on 2007-10-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony  
  14. ^ Baqubah Update: 05 July 2007. Michael Yon (2007-07-05). Michael Yon (born 1964 is an American Author, independent Reporter, and Blogger He has been embedded on numerous occasions with American and Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Retrieved on 2007-10-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony
  15. ^ Unruh, Bob (2007-07-19). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. More cases of terrorists 'baking' children cited. World Net Daily. WorldNetDaily, also known as WND, is a socially conservative news and opinion website founded in 1997. Retrieved on 2007-10-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony
  16. ^ Report: Al-Qaida bakes little boys. World Net Daily (2007-07-13). WorldNetDaily, also known as WND, is a socially conservative news and opinion website founded in 1997. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Retrieved on 2007-10-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony
  17. ^ Examples of antisemitic accusations in the modern Muslim world:
    • In 1986, Defense Minister of Syria Mustafa Tlass authored book The Matzah Of Zion. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Lt Gen Mustafa Tlass (مصطفى طلاس b 1932 is a Syrian politician and a long time minister of defense now retired The book renews anti-Jewish ritual murder accusations of 1840 Damascus affair and alleges that The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is a factual document. The Damascus affair was an accusation of Ritual murder and a Blood libel against Jews in Damascus in 1840 The Protocols of the Elders of Zion ( Protocols of the wise men of Zion, Library of Congress 's Uniform Title; "Протоколы (Frankel, Jonathan. The Damascus Affair: "Ritual Murder," Politics, and the Jews in 1840, pp. 418, 421. Cambridge University Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0-521-48396-4)
    • In 2001 an Egyptian film company produced and aired a film called Horseman Without a Horse, partly based on Tlass's book. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics.
    • The TV series Ash-Shatat ("The Diaspora"), sponsored by the Syrian government, depicts Jews engage in a conspiracy to rule the world, murder Christian children, and use their blood to bake matzah. Matza (also Matzah, Matzoh, or Matsah) מַצָּה in Ashkenazi matzo or matzoh, and in Yiddish, matze (U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2004 - Syria February 2005, Written statement submitted by the Association for World Education, a non-governmental organization on the Roster Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and All Forms of Discrimination. Question of Violation of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in Any Part of the World. Promotion and Protection of Human Rights. UN Commission on Human Rights. 60th session. E/CN. 4/2004/NGO/5. 10 February 2004)
    • Iranian TV Blood Libel December 20, 2005
    • King Faisal of Saudi Arabia accused Jews of a blood libel in Paris. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Abdullah Muhammad Sara Luluwa Khalid Saud The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi (Gane S. Gerber (1986): History and hate: the dimensions of anti-Semitism. Jewish Publication Society of AmericaISBN 0827602677 p. The Jewish Publication Society ( JPS) was founded in Philadelphia in 1888 to provide the children of Jewish immigrants to America with books about their heritage in 88
    • Israel Is 'Stealing Palestinian Children's Eyes,' Iranian TV Series Says by Susan Jones (CNSNews) December 23, 2004
  18. ^ "Blood Libel" Documentary Broadcast in Belarus - The Union of Councils for Soviet Jews (UCSJ) Action Alert - campaign against antisemitic programming on state TV. September 16, 1997
  19. ^ Belarus. International Religious Freedom Report 2003 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor
  20. ^ Belarus. International Religious Freedom Report 2006 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
  21. ^ Annual Report on International Religious Freedom 2004
  22. ^ UNHCR - U.S. Department of State Annual Report on International Religious Freedom for 2006 - Belarus
  23. ^ UNHCR - Refworld Redirect
  24. ^ youtube.com video, with English subtitles

Further reading

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Case studies

External links

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