In linguistics, a blend is a word formed from parts of two other words. Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields These parts are sometimes, but not always, morphemes. In Morpheme-based morphology, a morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning.

Linguistics

Blends deal with the action of abridging and then combining various lexemes to form a new word. For its use in the context of Computer Science see Lexical analysis. However, the process of defining which words are true blends and which are not is more complicated. The difficulty comes in determine which parts of a new word are "recoverable" (its root can be distinguished). ^[1]

There are many types of blends, based on how they are formed. Algeo, a linguist, proposed dividing blends into three groups^[2] :

1. Phonemic Overlap: a syllable or part of a syllable is shared between two words
2. Clipping: the shortening of two words and them compounding them
3. Phenomic Overlap and Clipping: shortening of two words to a shared syllable and then compounding

However, classification of types of blends is not standard among all linguists.

Formation

Most blends are formed by one of the following methods:

1. The beginning of one word is added to the end of the other. For example, brunch is a blend of breakfast and lunch. Brunch or bruncheon is a combination of breakfast and lunch The term is a Portmanteau of '''br'''eakfast and l'''unch'''(eon. Breakfast is the first meal of the day The word derives from the idea of break ing the '''fast''' of sleep Luncheon, commonly abbreviated to lunch, is a midday Meal. In English-speaking countries during the eighteenth century what was originally called " One of the two may be a whole word if it is short. This is the most common method of blending. A monosyllabic word is divided into its onset and rime if necessary. In Phonetics and Phonology, a syllable onset is the part of a Syllable that precedes the Syllable nucleus. In the study of Phonology in Linguistics, the rime or rhyme of a Syllable consists of a nucleus and an optional coda A blend of this type typically has the same number of syllables as the second word. A syllable ( Greek:) is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds
   • broccoli (3) + cauliflower (4) → broccoflower (4)
   • breakfast (2) + lunch (1) → brunch (1)
   • camera (3) + recorder (3) → camcorder (3)
   • education (4) + entertainment (4) → edutainment (4)
   • information (4) + commercial (3) → infomercial (4, exception)
   • motor (2) + hotel (2) → motel (2)
   • simultaneous (5) + broadcast (2) → simulcast (3, exception)
   • smoke (1) + fog (1) → smog (1)
   • spoon (1) + fork (1) → spork (1)
   • stagnation (3) + inflation (3) → stagflation (3)
2. The beginnings of two words are combined. Broccoflower is an edible plant of the species Brassica oleracea. Brunch or bruncheon is a combination of breakfast and lunch The term is a Portmanteau of '''br'''eakfast and l'''unch'''(eon. A camcorder is a portable Consumer electronics device for recording Video and audio using a built-in recorder unit Edutainment (also educational entertainment or entertainment-education) is a form of Entertainment designed to educate as well as to amuse Infomercials (or informercials are Television commercials that run for one minute or for as long as a typical Television program Entering dictionaries after World War II, the word motel, a Portmanteau of motor and hotel or motorists' hotel, referred Simulcast is a Portmanteau of " simul taneous broad' cast' " and refers to programs or events broadcast across more than one Smog is a kind of Air pollution; the word "smog" is a Portmanteau of Smoke and Fog. A spork is a hybrid form of Cutlery taking the form of a Spoon -like shallow scoop with the addition of the tines of a Fork (usually three Stagflation is an economic situation in which Inflation and Economic stagnation occur simultaneously and remain unchecked for a period of time For example, cyborg is a blend of cybernetic and organism. A cyborg is a Cybernetic Organism ( ie, an organism that has both artificial and natural systems Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the Structure of Complex systems especially Communication processes control mechanisms and Feedback
3. Two words are blended around a common sequence of sounds. For example, the word Californication, from a song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers, is a blend of California and fornication. Californication is the seventh studio album by American Alternative rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, released on June 8 1999 on Warner Bros Red Hot Chili Peppers are California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Fornication, or simple fornication is a term which refers to voluntary Sexual intercourse between persons not married to each other
4. Multiple sounds from two component words are blended, while mostly preserving the sounds' order. Poet Lewis Carroll was well known for these kinds of blends. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (ˈdɒdsən (27 January 1832 &ndash 14 January 1898 better known by the Pen name Lewis Carroll (/ˈkærəl/ was an English An example of this is the word slithy, a blend of lithe and slimy. " Jabberwocky " is a Poem of Nonsense verse written by Lewis Carroll, originally featured as a part of his novel Through the Looking-Glass SLIME, the Superior Lisp Interaction Mode for Emacs, is an Emacs mode for developing Common Lisp applications This method is difficult to achieve and is considered a sign of Carroll's verbal wit. Wit is a form of intellectual Humour. A wit (person is someone skilled in making witty remarks

When two words are combined in their entirety, the result is considered a compound word rather than a blend. In Linguistics, a compound is a Lexeme (less precisely a Word) that consists of more than one stem. For example, bagpipe is a compound, not a blend, of bag and pipe. Bagpipes are a class of Musical instrument, Aerophones using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag

Lexical Selection

Blending may occur with an error in lexical selection, the process by which a speaker uses his semantic knowledge to choose words. As Lewis Carroll quipped, if one attempts to say two words but does not decide which to say first, you will produce a "portmanteau. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (ˈdɒdsən (27 January 1832 &ndash 14 January 1898 better known by the Pen name Lewis Carroll (/ˈkærəl/ was an English " The errors are based on similarity of meanings, rather than phonological similarities, and the morphemes or phonemes stay in the same position within the syllable^[3]. Phonology ( Greek φωνή (phōnē voice sound + λόγος (lógos word speech subject of discussion is the systematic use of sound to encode meaning

Use

Some languages, like Japanese, encourage the shortening and merging of borrowed foreign words (as in gairaigo), because they are long or difficult to pronounce in the target language. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities Gairaigo (外来語 is Japanese for " loan word " or "borrowed word" and indicates a Transliteration (or "transvocalization" For example, karaoke, a combination of the Japanese word kara (meaning empty) and the clipped form oke of the English loanword "orchestra" (J. ōkesutora オーケストラ), is a Japanese blend that has entered the English language. (From the article gairaigo. Gairaigo (外来語 is Japanese for " loan word " or "borrowed word" and indicates a Transliteration (or "transvocalization" )

Many corporate brand names, trademarks, and initiatives, as well as names of corporations and organizations themselves, are blends. A brand is a collection of Images and ideas representing an economic producer more specifically it refers to the descriptive verbal attributes and concrete symbols such as a For example, Wiktionary, one of Wikipedia's sister projects, is a blend of wiki and dictionary. Wiktionary (a Portmanteau of Wiki and Dictionary) is a multilingual, Web -based project to create a Free A wiki is a page or collection of Web pages designed to enable anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify content using a simplified Markup language. A dictionary is a book of alphabetically listed Words in a specific language with definitions etymologies pronunciations and other information or a book of alphabetically Also, Nabisco is a blend of the initial syllables of National Biscuit Company. Nabisco (originally known as Na tional Bis cuit Co mpany is a brand of Cookies and Snacks including brands such as Chips Ahoy!

Nicknames for celebrity couples

Blends are also commonly used by the media and fans to describe celebrity supercouples. A supercouple (also known as a power couple or dynamic duo) is a popular or financially wealthy pairing that intrigues and fascinates the public in an intense or It originally started with "Bennifer", which stood for Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez. Ben Affleck (born Benjamin Géza Affleck-Boldt; August 15 1972 is an American Film Screenwriter, director, actor and older brother of Jennifer Lynn Lopez (born July ^[4] Now, it has branched out to cover major couples such as Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes, known together as "TomKat",^[5] Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie, known together as "Brangelina",^[6], and Vince Vaughn and Jennifer Aniston, known together as "Vaughniston". Thomas Cruise Mapother IV ( born July 3 1962 better known by his screen name Tom Cruise, is an American Actor and Film producer Kate "Katie" Noelle Holmes (born December 18 1978 is an American actress who first achieved fame for her role as Joey Potter on The WB television "TomKat" or "Tom-Kat" is a portmanteau for the celebrity Supercouple Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes. William Bradley "Brad" Pitt Pitt received a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for his role in the 1995 film Twelve Monkeys Angelina Jolie (born Angelina Jolie Voight on June 4 1975 is an American film actor Vincent Anthony "Vince" Vaughn (born March 28, 1970) is an American Film actor. Jennifer Joanna Aniston (born February 11 1969 is an American Film and television actress. ^[7] Character couples on popular television series being known by similar monikers have become more common. ^[8]

See also

• Clipping (morphology)
• Compound (linguistics)
• Contraction (grammar)
• Amalgamation (names)
• Portmanteau
  • List of portmanteaus
• Syllabic abbreviation

References