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Blasco de Garay (1500 – 1552) was a Spanish navy captain and inventor.

De Garay was a captain in the Spanish navy in the reign of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was He made several important contributions to navigation. The most important was the development of the paddle wheel, which had already been used in the fourth century in China and Byzantium, as a substitute for oars, accredited by the discovery of documents found in the General Archives of Simancas by the scholar Joaquin Rubió i Ors and presented in 1880. A paddle wheel (also called side wheel or stern wheel) is a large wheel fitted with Paddles which is used to propel a Boat. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM An oar is an implement used for water-borne propulsion. Oars have a flat blade at one end Simancas is a town and Municipality of central Spain, located in the province of Valladolid, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon According to some sources, he may have made the first attempt to power a ship by steam. [1]

Contents

Proof of steam navigation

The attribution to Blasco de Garay of the test of a steam engine made on a boat in the port of Barcelona was noted in 1825 by Tomás González, director of the royal archives of Simancas, to the distinguished historian Martín Fernández Navarrete. A steam engine is a Heat engine that performs Mechanical work using Steam as its Working fluid. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Simancas is a town and Municipality of central Spain, located in the province of Valladolid, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon Martín Fernández de Navarrete ( November 9, 1765 - October 8, 1844) was a Spanish Sailor and Historian who González stated that in that file there is documentation endorsing a test conducted in navigation on June 17, 1543[2] by the Naval Captain and Engineer of the navy of Charles V of a navigation system with no sails or oars containing a large copper of boiling water. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Navigation is the process of reading and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another Navarrete published González's account in 1826 in Baron de Zach's Astronomical Correspondence. [3] The letter from González to Martín Fernández Navarrete is as follows:

"Blasco de Garay, a captain in the navy, proposed in 1543, to the Emperor and King, Charles the Fifth, a machine to propel large boats and ships, even in calm weather, without oars or sails. In spite of the impediments and the opposition which this project met with, the Emperor ordered a trial to be made of it in the port of Barcelona, which in fact took place on the 17th on the month of June, of the said year 1543. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Garay would not explain the particulars of his discovery: it was evident however during the experiment that it consisted in a large copper of boiling water, and in moving wheels attached to either side of the ship. The experiment was tried on a ship of two hundred tons, called the Trinity, which came from Colibre to discharge a cargo of corn at Barcelona, of which Peter de Scarza was captain. By order of Charles V, Don Henry de Toledo the governor, Don Pedro de Cordova the treasurer Ravago, and the vice chancellor, and intendant of Catalonia witnessed the experiment. Pedro de Cordova was a Spanish missionary author and inquisitor on the island of Hispaniola. In the reports made to the emperor and to the prince, this ingenious invention was generally approved, particularly on account of the promptness and facility with which the ship was made to go about.
The treasurer Ravago, an enemy to the project, said that the vessel could be propelled two leagues in three hours that the machine was complicated and expensive and that there would be an exposure to danger in case the boiler should burst. A league is a unit of Length or Area long common in Europe and Latin America, although no longer an official unit in any nation The other commissioners affirmed that the vessel tacked with the same rapidity as a galley maneuvered in the ordinary way, and went at least a league an hour.
"As soon as the experiment was made Garay took the whole machine with which he had furnished the vessel, leaving only the wooden part in the arsenal at Barcelona, and keeping all the rest for himself.
"In spite of Ravago's opposition, the invention was approved, and if the expedition in which Charles the Vth was then engaged had not prevented, he would no doubt have encouraged it. Nevertheless, the emperor promoted the inventor one grade, made him a present of two hundred thousand maravedis, and ordered the expense to be paid out of the treasury, and granted him besides many other favors. The maravedí was the name of various Iberian coins of gold and then silver between the 11th and 14th centuries and the name of different Iberian accounting units between the "[1][2][4]
"This account is derived from the documents and original registers kept in the Royal Archives of Simancas, among the commercial papers of Catalonia, and from those of the military and naval departments for the said year, 1543. " Simancas, August 27, 1825, Tomas Gonzalez. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Tomás Pedro González Barrios (born June 11, 1959) is a retired Track and field Sprinter from Cuba. [1][5]

The failure to find documentation confirming that letter led to a controversy between French and Spanish scholars. [6] The issue gained such popularity that Honoré de Balzac wrote a play, a comedy in a prolog and five acts,[7] with the theme as an argument entitled Les Ressources de Quinola[8] which premiered in Paris on March 19, 1842 and which tended to support the Spanish claim. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common [9][10]

Other inventions

Garay himself sent the emperor a document setting out eight inventions which included:[11]

  1. A way to recover vessels underwater, even if they were submerged a hundred fathoms deep, with only the aid of two men.
  2. An apparatus by which anyone could be submerged under water indefinitely
  3. Another device to detect objects on the seabed with the naked eye.
  4. A way to keep a light burning underwater.
  5. A way to sweeten brackish water.

Had he obtained research funding, the importance of Garay could have been immense. Despite the fact that commissioners gave the Spanish king positive reports, the Finance Minister, for superstitious or other reasons, refused to authorize the project.

References

  1. ^ a b c Blasco de Garay's 1543 Steamship, Rochester History Resources, University of Rochester, 1996, <http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/garay/>. Retrieved on 24 April 2008 
  2. ^ a b Lardner, Dionysius (1840), The Steam Engine Explained and Illustrated: With an Account of Its Invention, Taylor and Walton, p. Dionysius Lardner ( April 3, 1793 - April 29, 1859) was an Irish scientific writer who popularised science and technology and edited 16, <http://books.google.com/books?id=avcCyVp0T3sC&pg=PA134&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1#PPA16,M1> 
  3. ^ Lardner, Dionysius (1851), The steam engine familiarly explained and illustrated; with numerous illustrations, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row, London: Taylor, Walton, and Maberly, p. Dionysius Lardner ( April 3, 1793 - April 29, 1859) was an Irish scientific writer who popularised science and technology and edited 13, <http://books.google.com/books?id=oDQDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA13&num=100> 
  4. ^ Timbs, John (1860), Stories of Inventors and Discoverers in Science and the Useful Arts: A Book for Old and Young, Franklin Square, New York: Harper & Brothers, p. 275, <http://books.google.com/books?id=sfI6cdeFet8C&pg=PA472&num=100#PPA275,M1> 
  5. ^ Jones, M. D. , Thomas P. , ed. (1840), Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanics' Register. Devoted to Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions., vol. XXV, Philadelphia: The Franklin Institute, p. 6, <http://books.google.com/books?id=SKAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&hl=en#PPA6,M1> 
  6. ^ Lindsay, William Schaw (1876), History of Merchant Shipping and Ancient Commerce, S. Low, Marston, Low, and Searle, p. 12, <http://books.google.com/books?id=bDoSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA13&num=100#PPA12,M1> 
  7. ^ Wedmore, Frederick & Anderson, John Parker (1890), Life of Honoré de Balzac, W. Scott, p. ii, <http://books.google.com/books?id=DlyXgPXpmIAC&pg=RA1-PR2&num=100> 
  8. ^ The Resources of Quinola by Honoré de Balzac, Project Gutenberg, <http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/7417> 
  9. ^ Peltier, L. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works (March 21, 2008), 1543 - 1555. Copernic. Potosi. Nostradamus. Ambroise Paré, Un journal du monde, <http://www.unjournaldumonde.org/2008/03/21/1543-1555-copernic-nostradamus-ambroise-pare/?m=2008> 
  10. ^ Urban, Sylvanus, ed. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common (July to December 1884), The Gentleman's Magazine, vol. CCLVII, London: Chatto & Windus, Piccadilly, p. 308, <http://books.google.com/books?id=U_EIAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA308&num=100> 
  11. ^ Arnold, J. Barto & Weddle, Robert S. (1978), The Nautical Archeology of Padre Island: The Spanish Shipwrecks of 1554, Academic Press, p. 81, ISBN 0120636506, <http://books.google.com/books?num=100&id=zuwTAAAAYAAJ&q=%22without+oars%22&pgis=1#search> 

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