Black Patch Park is a park in Smethwick, England. A park is a protected area of Land and Water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped state and set aside for some purpose often to do with human Smethwick (pronounced 'Smethick' is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell, in the West Midlands of England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It is bounded by Foundry Lane, Woodburn Road, Perrott Street and Kitchener Street, at grid reference SP038888. The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude
The park, covering over twenty acres, was formerly part of a sparsely populated landscape of commons and woodland (known as The Black Patch), dotted with farms and cottages which has been transformed from heath to farmland then to a carefully laid out municipal park surrounded by engineering companies employing thousands of people; Tangyes, Nettlefolds, (later GKN plc), the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company, Birmingham Aluminium Castings, ironworks, glassmaking and brewing. Sir Richard Trevithick Tangye ( 24 November 1833 - 14 October 1906) was a British Manufacturer of Engines and GKN plc ( is a leading British Engineering company The Company was formerly known as Guest Keen and Nettlefolds and can tracing its origins back The Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company ( BRC&W) was a Railway Locomotive and Carriage builder founded in Birmingham, These factories, including the Soho Foundry, started by James Watt and Matthew Boulton are, but for foundations and frontages, almost all gone[1]. Soho Foundry (not to be confused with the Soho Manufactory) was a Factory created in 1795 by Matthew Boulton and James Watt at Smethwick The firm of Boulton & Watt was initially a partnership between Matthew Boulton and James Watt.
Much of what is known about Black Patch Park appears in a book by Ted Rudge, developed from an Open University degree thesis, and published by Birmingham City Council in 2003. Open University is also the name of other institutions See Distance education or the Open Universities category for a list Rudge's research records how, from the mid-19th century until they were evicted from it at the start of the 20th, the 'Black Patch' was the camping ground of a community of tent and vardo (caravan) dwellers who were to become integrated with 'gaujos' (non-Gypsies) in surrounding districts. The Gypsies on the Black Patch lived on a deep barren layer of furnace waste, which, after their eviction, was cleared down to grass growing soil to create a park [2].
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Situation
Black Patch Park lies 2½ miles from Birmingham city centre on the boundary of that city, and is surrounded north, east and south by railway embankments. Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um One of these carries the Birmingham - Wolverhampton part of West Coast main line. The West Coast Main Line (WCML is a busy mixed-traffic railway route in the United Kingdom. That and the A41 and the Birmingham Canal Navigations' Birmingham to Wolverhampton 'Mainline' canals - old and new - are arteries of the region's 'North West Corridor of Regeneration'. The A41 is a formerly-major Trunk road in England that links London and Birkenhead, although as stated below it has now largely been Birmingham Canal Navigations ( BCN) is a network of navigable Canals connecting Birmingham, Wolverhampton, and the eastern part of the Black
In the centre of Black Patch Park, Boundary Brook, which for centuries marked a boundary between Staffordshire and Warwickshire, meets Hockley Brook, which once separated the country villages of Handsworth and Smethwick[2]. Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. Geography Warwickshire is bounded to the northwest by the West Midlands Metropolitan county and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to Handsworth ( is an inner city suburb of Birmingham in the West Midlands, England. Smethwick (pronounced 'Smethick' is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell, in the West Midlands of England.
The Park is linked to the Birmingham main line canal via a route through Avery Road that connects it to the West Midlands Sustrans Cycle Route 5, running along the canal towpath, part of a National Cycle Network running from the Cotswolds via Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwick, Birmingham, and Stafford to Stoke-on-Trent in Staffordshire. Sustrans is a British charity which promotes Sustainable transport.
Black Patch Park is edged by Foundry Lane to the west and south, Woodburn Road to the north, and Perrott Street and Kitchener Street to the east, beyond which, as far as Handsworth New Road, stretches the triangle of Merry Hill Allotment Gardens. The Midland Metro has a stop nearby. Jewellry Quarter railway station train and tram - Birmingham - 2005-10-14
Industrial Revolution
In 1769 James Brindley supervised the building of a canal between Birmingham and the Black Country. James Brindley (1716 &ndash 30 September 1772) was an English Engineer. The Black Country is a loosely defined area of the English West Midlands conurbation, to the north and west of Birmingham, and to the south and east of Wolverhampton This waterway came to be known, within 60 years, as the 'old' Main Line Canal after Thomas Telford constructed a straighter, broader New Birmingham Main Line Canal, which opened in 1829 to carry an ever-increasing volume of narrow boat traffic. Thomas Telford (9 August 1757 - 2 September 1834 was born in Westerkirk, Scotland. A narrowboat or narrow boat is a Boat of a distinctive design made to fit the narrow Canals of England and Wales. Brindley and Telford's waterways attracted industrial entrepreneurs including Matthew Boulton, and James Watt who bought 18 acres by the canal at Merry Hill, about a mile from the firm's Soho Manufactory in Handsworth and opened the Soho Foundry[3] in 1796 'for the purpose of casting everything relating to our steam engines'. Matthew Boulton ( September 3, 1728 &ndash 18 August 1809) was an English Manufacturer and Engineer. James Watt ( 19 January 1736 &ndash 25 August 1819 Boulton proved to be an excellent businessman and both men eventually made fortunes The Soho Manufactory ( not to be confused with the Soho Foundry, was an early Factory which pioneered Mass production on the Assembly line Soho Foundry (not to be confused with the Soho Manufactory) was a Factory created in 1795 by Matthew Boulton and James Watt at Smethwick
As the local population grew, tension developed between them and the travellers. Rudge[2] records that Gypsies and travellers camped on the "Black Patch" from the mid-19th century, not always with approval of local people. Only in the early 20th century, and after several attempts, were the Gypsies finally and forcibly evicted from the 'Black Patch' as rising population density and new land owning assumptions placed greater and greater restriction on their traditional sites.
From being a thriving industrial site, the area was transformed in little more than a lifetime, to a site of dereliction, with the decline of almost all the park's surrounding industrial giants during the economic upheaval of the 1960s. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 One successful survivor is Avery Weigh-Tronix on Foundry Lane, the world's largest manufacturers of machines for weighing, counting, measuring and testing, whose main entrance is the frontage of Boulton's and Watt's old Soho Foundry opposite the 'Soho Foundry Tavern'. Avery Weigh-Tronix is a company specializing in Weighing scales Its HQ stands on the site of the Soho Foundry overlooking Black Patch Park in Smethwick
Gypsy connection
Rudge [2] says that Esau Smith was the acknowledged king of the Black Patch. When he died in 1901 at the age of 92, his widow Henty was elected queen. Even while Esau was alive it was generally understood by local people that the Gypsies gained legal rights to the land as squatters. Though such rights are seldom written down, it is said that deeds to this effect were destroyed when the king and queen's caravan was ritually burned after her death on 7 January 1907. Queen Henty, who was buried with her husband in the churchyard of St. Mary's Church, Handsworth, is said to have placed a curse on anyone who builds over the Black Patch, the subject of a song by the well known folk artist Bryn Phillips in September 2003. St Mary's Church Handsworth, also known as Handsworth Old Church is an Anglican church in Handsworth, Birmingham, England (not [4]
In 1906 Mrs E J E Pilkington and Tangye Ltd were referred to as legal owners of Black Patch, having put it up for sale after employing land agents to carry out a court imposed eviction of the Gypsies on 26 July 1905. They did not finally relinquish links with the land until a "peaceful eviction" was negotiated by Birmingham Corporation Parks Department on 15 February 1909 [2]. Subsequent stories contribute to reasonable doubt as to who ought to have inherited the Black Patch and who now holds legal title to the Gypsies' old camping ground. Rudge[2] reports that in 1960 Jane Badger, who lived near Black Patch, got into conversation while walking by the Park with a gentleman with an American accent. He claimed he owned the deeds to the land. This story resembles a statement made by Ray Plant[2], a distant relative of the Black Patch Gypsies, that a family called Murdock once owned the land and gave permission to camp there. According to Ray Plant when the Murdocks emigrated to America they handed over the Black Patch deeds to the Gypsies [2].
In July 2005, a memorial plaque to the gypsies was erected. [5]. Sometime in March 2007 this plaque disappeared.
Creating the Park
Despite past and present doubts [2]</ref> about exact ownership the impetus for and organisation of its purchase and development as a public park came from the Birmingham Playgrounds, Open Spaces and Playing Fields Society, chaired by John Nettlefold, a Birmingham Councillor, married into the Chamberlain family. Joseph Chamberlain ( 8 July 1836 &ndash 2 July 1914) was an influential British businessman politician and statesman A mix of public subscription and cash from Smethwick and Handsworth Councils and Birmingham Corporation raised £12,200. Birmingham shown within [2] One of the vendors, Mrs Pilkington, donated £500 from the conveyance to assist with their aim of providing a place where people could enjoy fresh air away from the smoky atmosphere of the surrounding factories. The new public space was divided into three; six acres in Handsworth, seven in Smethwick and seven in Birmingham. Further land was acquired to build Perrott Street, widen the Great Western Railway and provide the Merry Hill Allotments on the other side of Perrott Street. The Great Western Railway ( GWR) was a British railway company and a notable example of Civil engineering, linking London with the West Birmingham Corporation was asked by the Society to lay out and manage Black Patch Park. Unemployed people under the supervision of a Parks' Superintendent carried out this work. It began in January 1909 and was completed in May 1910. The Lord Mayor of Birmingham, Alderman Bowater, formally opened the Black Patch Recreation Ground on 20 June 1911. In 1966 management was taken over by the new Borough of Warley, now Sandwell Metropolitan Council, whose Planning Department confirms that covenants held by Pilkington and Tangye still exist [2], but until then Black Patch Park was under the stewardship of Birmingham Parks Department. History of the Borough The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 as a merger of the County boroughs of Warley (associated with Worcestershire
Campaign to save Black Patch Park
In August 2003 a campaigning group called "The Friends of Black Patch Park" [4] was formed to challenge proposals outlined in Sandwell Council's Unitary Development Plan to zone two thirds of the park for industrial use. The aim of the Friends of Black Patch Park has been to protect, celebrate and enhance the park's twenty acres - as originally created by public subscription in 1907 - as a place of historic importance and indispensable green space for future generations. As well as its legacy as a traditional Romany camping ground, the park's current value is as a wildlife oasis, a place for quiet walks and relaxation and an essential site for a large number of young people from diverse backgrounds to practice sport. Footballers from the Soho Foundry Tavern and many other Warley League Teams, are strongly against the loss of the playing fields that make up the largest part of the Black Patch.
Salvation
Agenda item 5 of a Report to the Cabinet Member for Regeneration and Transport, Councillor Bob Badham, Sandwell MBC, dated 21 February 2007, states:
Within the adopted Unitary Development Plan, sites around Black Patch Park, near to the Soho Foundry were allocated for industrial uses in order to attract investment for a Technology Park. History of the Borough The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 as a merger of the County boroughs of Warley (associated with Worcestershire However, this has not come to fruition. A recent Employment Land Survey has revealed that there is no immediate need for further industrial land in this location. As there are no deliverable proposals identified, and to accommodate the wishes of Friends of Black Patch Park to retain the Park area, these allocations have been removed. The land will therefore form a green focal point for any development which takes place on the adjoining sites. The Preferred Option for land adjacent to Soho Foundry has been allocated for Mixed Used which can incorporate industrial and offices, and possibly leisure, community and educational facilities associated to the Foundry once a suitable re-use has been identified. Smethwick Area Action Plan - Preferred Option Document (Cabinet Forward Plan Ref. No. RT089).
References
- ^ Smethwick Local History Society
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Ted Rudge Brumroamin: Birmingham and Midland Romany Gypsy and Traveller Culture. Birmingham City Council Department of Leisure & Community Services (2003)
- ^ Avery Weigh-Tronix
- ^ a b Ted Rudge's web pages on a campaign to save Black Patch Park (including the full text of Bryn Phillips song)
- ^ Ted Rudge's "Romany Memorial"
- David Papadopoulos (2002) Spatialities of Dereliction
- Sandwell UDP Position statement on 'Open Space' in Sandwell.
- Ted Rudge (2003) Brumroamin: Birmingham and Midland Romany Gypsy and Traveller Culture. Birmingham City Council Department of Leisure & Community Services (2003)[1]
External links
- BBC on 'Brumroamin'
- Built Environment Cabinet member Cllr Bob Badham talks about Sandwell MBC's policies to save Black Patch Park[2]
- Images to supplement this article
- [3] Revolutionary Players. History of the Industrial Revolution in the West Midlands. See especially the images at [4] to get an impression of how the Black Patch became named.
- Smethwick Local History Society [5]
- Soho Foundry [6]
- Ted Rudge's 'Romany Memorial'[7]
- Ted Rudge's website on the campaign to save Black Patch Park (including the text of Bryn Phillips song)[8]
- [9] The Smethwick Town Plan (PDF document). See section on the 'Foundry Lane Action Area' in paras 8. 6. 1 to 8. 6. 20, pp. 116-120 (map on page 120) and in Appendix 1, p. 128. As indicated at the conclusion of this article The Smethwick Town Plan is now under review, though any changes supported by Sandwell MBC must be approved by the Secretary of State under the terms of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 [10]