For the suburb of Adelaide, please see Black Forest, South Australia; for the CDP in Colorado, please see Black Forest, Colorado. Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a Black Forest is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Unley. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. Black Forest is a Census-designated place (CDP in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States.
- For the cake or the gateau, please see Black Forest gateau. Black Forest cake ( American English) and Black Forest gateau ( British English) are the English names for the southern German
The Black Forest (German Schwarzwald) is a wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria A mountain range is a chain of Mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 meters (4,898 feet). The Feldberg is the highest mountain in the Black Forest and also of Germany outside the Alps; with an elevation of 1493 metres The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The region is almost rectangular with a length of 200 km (120 mi) and breadth of 60 km (37 mi). Hence it has an area of approximately 12,000 km² (4,600 sq mi).
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Geography
Geology
Geologically, the Black Forest consists of a cover of sandstone on top of a core of gneiss. Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Gneiss (ˈnaɪs is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally During the last glacial period, the Würm glaciation, the Black Forest was covered by glaciers; several cirques such as the Mummelsee are remains of this period. A glacial period is an interval of time within an Ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and Glacier advances "Last glacial" redirects here For the period of maximum glacier extent during this time see Last Glacial Maximum The last glacial period A cirque ( French for " Circus " is an Amphitheatre -like Valley, or valley head formed at the head of a Glacier by
Rivers
Rivers in the Black Forest include the Danube (which rises in the Black Forest), the Enz, the Kinzig, the Murg, the Neckar, and the Rench. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Enz is a left tributary of the Neckar in Baden-Württemberg. The Kinzig is a River in southwestern Germany, a right tributary of the Rhine. For the town in Baden-Württemberg see Murg Germany. The Murg is a right tributary of the Rhine, located in Baden-Württemberg, The Neckar is a 367-km long River, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse The Rench is a river in the district of Ortenau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany and a right-side tributary of the Rhine River The Black Forest is part of the continental divide between the Atlantic Ocean drainage basin (drained by the Rhine) and the Black Sea drainage basin (drained by the Danube). A continental divide is a line of elevated Terrain which forms a border between two watersheds such that Water falling on one side of the line eventually A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey
List of highest mountains
- Feldberg (1,493 m (4,900 ft))
- Herzogenhorn (1,415 m (4,640 ft))
- Belchen (1,414 m (4,640 ft))
- Spieshorn (1,349 m (4,430 ft))
- Schauinsland (1,284 m (4,210 ft))
- Kandel (1,241 m (4,070 ft))
- Hochblauen (1,165 m (3,820 ft))
- Hornisgrinde (1,164 m (3,820 ft))
Political
Administratively, the Black Forest belongs to the following districts (Kreise). The Feldberg is the highest mountain in the Black Forest and also of Germany outside the Alps; with an elevation of 1493 metres thumb|Winter on Schauinsland famous "Windbuchen" ([[beech]]es bent by the wind Schauinsland (literally "look into the country" near Freiburg The Hochblauen is a 1165 meter high mountain in the southern Black Forest. The Hornisgrinde, 1164 m (3820 ft is the highest Mountain in the Northern Black Forest of Germany. German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' In the north: Enz, Pforzheim, Rastatt, and Calw; in the middle: Freudenstadt, Ortenaukreis, and Rottweil; in the south: Emmendingen, Schwarzwald-Baar, Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, Lörrach, and Waldshut. Pforzheim is a town of nearly 119000 inhabitants in the state of Baden-Württemberg, southwest Germany at the gate to the Black Forest. Rastatt is a district ( Kreis) in the west of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Calw is a district ( Kreis) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Freudenstadt is a district ( Kreis) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Ortenaukreis is a district ( Kreis) in the west of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Rottweil is a district ( Kreis) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Emmendingen is a district ( Kreis) in the west of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Schwarzwald-Baar is a district ( Kreis) in the south of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald is a Kreis ( District) in the south of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Lörrach is a Kreis ( District) in the south-west of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Waldshut is a district ( Kreis) in the south of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Ecology and Economy
The forest mostly consists of pines and firs, some of which are grown in commercial monoculture. This article is about the tree For other uses of the term "pine" see Pine (disambiguation. Firs ( Abies) are a genus of between 45-55 species of Evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae. Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing one single crop over a wide area The Black Forest, like other forested regions, has had areas damaged by mass logging. Logging is the process in which Trees are cut down for Forest management and Timber. Due to logging and land use changes the forest proper is only a fraction of the size it used to be. The storm Lothar knocked down trees over hundreds of acres of mountaintops in 1999. Lothar is the name of a low-pressure system that resulted in a violent Extratropical cyclone sweeping across Central Europe on December 26, 1999, causing Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) This left some of the high peaks and scenic hills bare, with only primary growth shrubs and young fir trees.
The main industry is tourism. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel In addition to the towns and monuments noted below, the Black Forest is crossed by numerous long distance footpaths, including some of the first to be established. Long-distance trails (or long-distance tracks paths footpaths or Greenways are the longer recreational right-of-way routes mainly through rural areas used for non-motorised The European long-distance path E1 crosses the Black Forest following the routes of some of the local long-distance paths. The European long-distance paths are a network of extremely long-distance footpaths that traverse Europe. In addition there are numerous shorter paths suitable for day walks, as well as mountain biking and cross-country skiing trails. Mountain biking entails the Sport of riding Bicycles off-road often over rough terrain whether riding specially equipped Mountain bikes or hybrid road bikes Cross-country skiing (also known as XC skiing) is a Winter sport popular in many countries with large snowfields primarily Northern Europe, The total network of tracks amounts to around 23,000 kilometres (14,000 mi), and is maintained and overseen by a voluntary body, the Schwarzwaldverein (Black Forest Society), which has around 90,000 members (figures from Bremke, 1999, p. The Schwarzwaldverein, or Black Forest Association was founded in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany in 1864, making it the oldest German Hiking 9).
Points of interest
The cities of Freiburg and Baden-Baden are popular tourist destinations on the western edge of the Black Forest; towns in the forest include Bad Herrenalb, Baiersbronn, Freudenstadt, Gengenbach, Sasbachwalden, Schramberg, Staufen, Titisee-Neustadt, Hausach and Wolfach. thumb|Winter on Schauinsland famous "Windbuchen" ([[beech]]es bent by the wind Schauinsland (literally "look into the country" near Freiburg For the babyfood see Beech-Nut. Beech ( Fagus) is a genus of ten Species of Deciduous Trees in the Baden-Baden is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the western foothills of the Black Forest, on the banks of the Oos River Bad Herrenalb is a municipality in the district of Calw, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Baiersbronn is a municipality in the district of Freudenstadt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Freudenstadt is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, and is capital of the district Freudenstadt. Gengenbach is a town in the district of Ortenau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany and a famous tourist destination on the western edge of the Black Forest Sasbachwalden is a touristic Black Forest town in Western Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Schramberg is a town in the district of Rottweil, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Staufen im Breisgau is a German town in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district of Baden-Württemberg. Titisee-Neustadt is a city in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Hausach is a town in the Ortenaukreis, in western Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Other popular destinations include such mountains as the Feldberg, the Belchen, the Kandel, and the Schauinsland; the Titisee and Schluchsee lakes; the All Saints Waterfalls; the Triberg Waterfalls, not the highest but the most famous waterfalls in Germany; and the gorge of the River Wutach. Titisee is a Lake in the southern Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg. The Schluchsee is a reservoir Lake in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, southeast of the Titisee in the Black Forest near For the song see CANYONMID. For the band see Canyon (band. A canyon (rarely cañon) or gorge
The Vogtsbauernhöfe is an open-air museum that shows the life of 16th or 17th century farmers the region, featuring a number of reconstructed Black Forest farms. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The German Clock Museum in Furtwangen shows the history of the clock industry and of watchmakers. Deutsches Uhrenmuseum ( English: German Clock and Watch Museum) is located near the center of the Black Forest town of Furtwangen im Schwarzwald Furtwangen im Schwarzwald is a small city located in the Black Forest region of south western Germany. Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput, or Clock is a gene which encodes proteins regulating Circadian rhythm. A watch is a timepiece that is made to be worn on a person The term now usually refers to a wristwatch, which is worn on the wrist with a strap or Bracelet.
For drivers, the main route through the region is the rapid E35 motorway, but a variety of sign-posted scenic routes such as the Schwarzwald-Hochstrasse (60 km (37 mi), Baden-Baden to Freudenstadt), Schwarzwald Tälerstrasse (100 km (62 mi), the Murg and Kinzig valleys) or Badische Weinstrasse (Baden Wine Street, 160 km (99 mi), a wine route from Baden-Baden to Weil am Rhein) offer calmer driving along high roads. Baden-Baden is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the western foothills of the Black Forest, on the banks of the Oos River Freudenstadt is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, and is capital of the district Freudenstadt. For the town in Baden-Württemberg see Murg Germany. The Murg is a right tributary of the Rhine, located in Baden-Württemberg, Kinzig is the name of two rivers in southern Germany Kinzig (Main, flowing into the Main Kinzig (Rhine, flowing into the Baden-Baden is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the western foothills of the Black Forest, on the banks of the Oos River Weil am Rhein is a German town and commune situated on the east bank of the River Rhine, and close to the point at which the Swiss, French [1]. The latter is a picturesque trip starting in the south of the Black Forest going north and includes numerous old wineries and tiny villages.
Due to the rich mining history dating from medieval times (the Black Forest was one of the most important mining regions of Europe around 1100) there are many mines re-opened for the public. Such mines may be visited in the Kinzig valley, the Suggental, the Muenster valley and around Todtmoos.
Animal life
In addition to the expected kinds of wildlife to be found in a European forest area, the following types of animals may be observed in the Black Forest: [2]. Some of these animals include. . . . .
- Cows: The Black Forest cows belong to the rare breed of "Hinterwälder" cows.
- The giant earthworm Lumbricus badensis is found only in the Black Forest region (see Lamparski, 1985). Lumbricus contains some of the most commonly seen species of Earthworms The genus has 12 commonly accepted species
- "Black Forest Foxes" are actually a breed of horse, previously indispensable for heavy field work. The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae.
- Eagles and owls can be seen at close range as they swoop overhead
Culture
Dialects spoken in the Black Forest area are Alemannic and Swabian. Eagles are large birds of prey which are members of the Bird order Falconiformes and family Accipitridae, and belong to several genera The Owls are an order of birds of prey. Most are Solitary, and nocturnal, with some exceptions (e Alemannic German ( Alemannisch) is a group of Dialects of the Upper German branch of the Germanic language family. Swabian ( Schwäbisch) is one of the Alemannic dialects of High German, spoken in the region of Swabia.
Fasnet
The German holiday of Fastnacht, or Fasnet, as it is known in the Black Forest region, occurs in the time leading up to Lent. Fastnacht or Fasnacht is the pre-Lenten Carnival in Alemannic folklore in Switzerland, southern Germany, Alsace On Rosenmontag, or the Monday before Ash Wednesday, crowds of people line the streets, wearing masks. Rosenmontag (which means "running Monday" from the Kölsch word roose (run and not Roses' Monday is the highlight of the German "Karneval" ( Carnival One prominent style of mask is the Black Forest Style, originating from the Black Forest Region.
Crafts
Wood-carving is a traditional cottage industry in the region, and carved ornaments are now produced in substantial numbers as souvenirs for tourists. Wood carving is a form of working wood by means of a cutting tool held in the hand (this may be a power tool resulting in a wooden figure or figurine (this may be abstract Cuckoo clocks are a popular example; although they were not, as is sometimes claimed, invented in the Black Forest, they have been made in the region since the early 18th century, and much of their development occurred there. A cuckoo clock is a Clock, typically pendulum driven, that strikes the hours using small bellows and pipes that imitate the call of the Common
Culinary
Black Forest ham originated from this region, and so, by name and reputation at least, did the Black Forest gateau (Black Forest Cake). Black Forest ham, or Schwarzwälder Schinken in German is a variety of smoked Ham produced in the Black Forest region of Germany Black Forest cake ( American English) and Black Forest gateau ( British English) are the English names for the southern German The Black Forest variety of Flammkuchen is a Badisch specialty made with ham, cheese, and cream. Tarte flambée is an Alsatian dish composed of thin bread dough rolled out in a circle or a rectangle which is covered by Crème fraîche Pfannkuchen, a crêpe or crêpe-like (Eierkuchen or Palatschinken) pastry, is also common. Pancakes are a type of Flatbread prepared from a sweet batter that is cooked on a hot Griddle or in a Frying pan. A crêpe (kreɪp French kʀɛp is a type of very thin cooked Pancake usually made from Wheat Flour. Pancakes are a type of Flatbread prepared from a sweet batter that is cooked on a hot Griddle or in a Frying pan. The Central European Pancake is called Palatschinke (the plural Palatschinken) in Austrian and Bavarian German
Gallery
 The Feldberg. Feldberg (Black Forest mountain Großer Feldberg and Kleiner Feldberg mountains of the Taunus range Feldberg |
 A view in the Middle Black Forest. |
 Black Forest |
 The lake Titisee, popular year-round. |
 Black Forest trees in the snow. |
 The Black Forest is known for its native clock makers |
 River Kinzig passing through the Black Forest. |
|
 Lake Mummelsee |
 Ortenberg Castle near Offenburg (now a Youth Hostel) |
 Lake Constance bordering Austria and Switzerland |
 Black Forest Train near Karlsruhe |
 Hohenzollern Castle; backdrop: Black Forest |
See also
References
- Bremke, N. The Hornisgrinde, 1164 m (3820 ft is the highest Mountain in the Northern Black Forest of Germany. Offenburg is also the German name of Baia de Arieş in Romania Hostels provide budget-oriented accommodation where guests can rent a bed, sometimes a Bunk bed in a Dormitory and share a bathroom Under the designation Lake Constance or Lake of Constance ( German Bodensee) one summarizes the three independent bodies of water Obersee Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near The Hercynian Forest was an ancient and dense forest that stretched eastward from the Rhine River across southern Germany and formed the northern boundary of that part of Europe Deutsches Uhrenmuseum ( English: German Clock and Watch Museum) is located near the center of the Black Forest town of Furtwangen im Schwarzwald (1999). Schwarzwald quer. Karlsruhe: Braun. ISBN 3-7650-8228-7
- Lamparski, F. (1985). Der Einfluß der Regenwurmart Lumbricus badensis auf Waldböden im Südschwarzwald. Schriftenreihe des Institut für Bodenkunde und Waldernährungslehre der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i. Br. , 15. ISSN 0344-2691. English summary
- German Wikipedia "Pfannkuchen" disambiguation
External links