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83 lead ← bismuth → polonium
Sb
↑
Bi
↓
Uup
General
Name, Symbol, Number bismuth, Bi, 83
Chemical series poor metals
Group, Period, Block 15, 6, p
Appearance lustrous pink
Standard atomic weight 208. Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Polonium (pəˈloʊniəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Po and Atomic number 84 discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie Antimony (IPA (Received Pronunciation, /ˈæntɪmoʊni/ (US is a Chemical element with the symbol Sb (stibium meaning "mark" and Ununpentium (ˌjuːnənˈpɛntiəm or /ˌʌnənˈpɛntiəm/ is the temporary name of a synthetic Superheavy element in the Periodic table that has the This is a typical display of the periodic table of the elements and contains the symbol and Atomic number of each element Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Chemical elements, sorted by name Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of chemical elements by symbol, including the A table of Chemical elements ordered by Atomic number and color coded according to type of element In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in In the Periodic table of the elements, a period is a horizontal row of the table A block of the Periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups The respective highest-energy electrons in each element in a block belong to the same Atomic A period 6 element is one of the Chemical elements in the sixth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements, including the Lanthanides See also Electron configuration The atomic mass (ma is the Mass of an atom most often expressed in unified atomic mass units The atomic mass may be considered to be the total mass 98040(1)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 9. In Atomic physics and Quantum chemistry, electron configuration is the arrangement of Electrons in an Atom, Molecule, or other Xenon (ˈzɛnɒn or) is a Chemical element represented by the symbol Xe. The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J An electron shell may be crudely thought of as an Orbit followed by Electrons around an Atom nucleus. In the Physical sciences a phase is a Set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties A solid' object is in the States of matter characterized by resistance to Deformation and changes of Volume. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different Room temperature (also referred to as ambient temperature) is a common term to denote a certain Temperature within enclosed space at which humans are accustomed 78  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 10. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. 05  g·cm−3
Melting point 544. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. 7 K
(271. The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic 5 °C, 520. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. 7 °F)
Boiling point 1837 K
(1564 °C, 2847 °F)
Heat of fusion 11. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The standard Enthalpy of fusion (symbol \Delta{}H_{fus} also known as the heat of fusion or specific melting heat, is the amount of 30  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 151  kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity (25 °C) 25. The joule per mole (symbol J·mol-1 is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material The enthalpy of vaporization, (symbol \Delta{}_{v}H also known as the heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the Energy required The joule per mole (symbol J·mol-1 is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the heat energy required to increase the Temperature of a unit quantity 52  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 941 1041 1165 1325 1538 1835
Atomic properties
Crystal structure rhombohedral
Oxidation states 3, 5
(mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 2. Vapor pressure (also known as equilibrium vapor pressure or saturation vapor pressure) is the Pressure of a Vapor in equilibrium In Mineralogy and Crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of Atoms in a Crystal. In Chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of Oxidation of an Atom in a Chemical compound. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are " Electronegativity " is the opposite of " Electropositivity," which describes an element's ability to donate electrons 02 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st:  703  kJ·mol−1
2nd:  1610  kJ·mol−1
3rd:  2466  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 160  pm
Atomic radius (calc. The ionization potential, ionization energy or EI of an Atom or Molecule is the Energy required to remove an Electron These tables list the Ionization energy in kJ/mol necessary to remove one mole of Electrons from one mole of neutral gaseous Atoms (first energy respectively The joule per mole (symbol J·mol-1 is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material Atomic radius, and more generally the size of an atom, is not a precisely defined Physical quantity, nor is it constant in all circumstances A picometre ( American spelling: picometer, symbol pm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one trillionth ) 143  pm
Covalent radius 146  pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering diamagnetic
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 1. The covalent radius, r cov is a measure of the size of Atom which forms part of a Covalent bond. In Physics, magnetism is one of the Phenomena by which Materials exert attractive or repulsive Forces on other Materials. Diamagnetism is the property of an object which causes it to create a magnetic field in opposition of an externally applied Magnetic field, thus causing a repulsive effect Electrical resistivity (also known as specific electrical resistance) is a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of Electric current. 29 µ Ω·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 7. In Physics, thermal conductivity, k is the property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct Heat. 97  W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 13. When the Temperature of a substance changes the energy that is stored in the Intermolecular bonds between atoms changes 4  µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 1790 m/s
Young's modulus 32  GPa
Shear modulus 12  GPa
Bulk modulus 31  GPa
Poisson ratio 0. Sound is a vibration that travels through an elastic medium as a Wave. In Solid mechanics, Young's modulus (E is a measure of the Stiffness of an isotropic elastic material In Materials science, shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by G, or sometimes S or μ, is defined as the ratio of Shear Poisson's ratio ( ν) named after Simeon Poisson, is the ratio of the relative contraction strain, or transverse strain (normal to 33
Mohs hardness 2. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness characterizes the scratch resistance of various Minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer material 25
Brinell hardness 94. The Brinell scale characterizes the indentation Hardness of materials through the scale of penetration of an indenter loaded on a material test-piece 2  MPa
CAS registry number 7440-69-9
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of bismuth
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
207Bi syn 31. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to Standard atomic mass 20898040(1 u Isotopes of Bismuth (Bi occurring within the radioactive Disintegration chains of Actinium Isotopes (Greek isos = "equal" tópos = "site place" are any of the different types of atoms ( Nuclides In Chemistry, natural abundance (NA refers to the abundance Isotopes of a Chemical element as naturally found on a planet Half-Life (computer-game page here It's already listed in the disambiguation page Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable Atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and Radiation. The decay energy is the Energy released by a Nuclear decay. The energy difference of the Reactants is often written as Q: where Q In Nuclear physics, a decay product, also known as a daughter product, daughter isotope or daughter nuclide, is a Nuclide A synthetic radioisotope is a Radionuclide that is not found in nature no natural process or mechanism exists which produces it or it is so unstable that it decays away in 55 y ε, β+ 2. A year (from Old English gēr) is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun Electron capture (sometimes called inverse beta decay) is a Decay mode for Isotopes that will occur when there are too many Protons in the Positron emission is a type of Beta decay, sometimes referred to as " beta plus " (&beta+ 399 207Pb
208Bi syn 368,000 y ε, β+ 2. Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly A synthetic radioisotope is a Radionuclide that is not found in nature no natural process or mechanism exists which produces it or it is so unstable that it decays away in A year (from Old English gēr) is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun Electron capture (sometimes called inverse beta decay) is a Decay mode for Isotopes that will occur when there are too many Protons in the Positron emission is a type of Beta decay, sometimes referred to as " beta plus " (&beta+ 880 208Pb
209Bi 100% (19 ± 2) ×1018y α   205Tl
210 mBi syn 3. Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly A year (from Old English gēr) is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an Atomic nucleus emits an Alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle Thallium (ˈθæliəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Tl and Atomic number 81 A synthetic radioisotope is a Radionuclide that is not found in nature no natural process or mechanism exists which produces it or it is so unstable that it decays away in 04 ×106y IT 0. Isomeric transition is a Radioactive decay process that occurs in an Atom where the nucleus is in an excited Meta state (e 271 210Bi
References

Bismuth (pronounced /ˈbɪzməθ/) is a chemical element that has the symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Recommended values for many properties of the elements together with various references are collected on these data pages A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. See also List of elements by atomic number In Chemistry and Physics, the atomic number (also known as the proton This heavy, brittle, white crystalline trivalent poor metal has a pink tinge and chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Arsenic (ˈɑrsənɪk is a Chemical element that has the symbol As and Atomic number of 33 Antimony (IPA (Received Pronunciation, /ˈæntɪmoʊni/ (US is a Chemical element with the symbol Sb (stibium meaning "mark" and Of all the metals, it is the most naturally diamagnetic, and only mercury has a lower thermal conductivity. Diamagnetism is the property of an object which causes it to create a magnetic field in opposition of an externally applied Magnetic field, thus causing a repulsive effect Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum In Physics, thermal conductivity, k is the property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct Heat.

Bismuth compounds are used in cosmetics and in medical procedures. As the toxicity of lead has become more apparent in recent years, alloy uses for bismuth metal as a replacement for lead have become an increasing part of bismuth's commercial importance. Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly

Contents

Notable characteristics

Bismuth is a brittle metal with a white, silver-pink hue, often occurring in its native form with an iridescent oxide tarnish showing many refractive colors from yellow to blue. The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across White is a Color, the perception which is evoked by Light that stimulates all three types of color sensitive Cone cells in the Human eye Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Pink is a pale Red Color that was first recorded in the 17th century to describe the pale red Flowers of pinks, Flowering plants Hue is one of the main properties of a Color described with names such as " Red " " Yellow " etc Iridescence is an Optical phenomenon in which Hue changes with the angle from which a surface is viewed Bismuth(III oxide is the most industrially important compound of Bismuth. Refraction is the change in direction of a Wave due to a change in its Speed. When combusted with oxygen, bismuth burns with a blue flame and its oxide forms yellow fumes. Combustion or burning is a complex sequence of Exothermic chemical reactions between a Fuel and an Oxidant accompanied by the production of Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Blue is a Colour, the Perception of which is evoked by A flame is often defined as the visible (light-emitting part of a Fire. Bismuth(III oxide is the most industrially important compound of Bismuth. Yellow is the Color evoked by light that stimulates both the L and M (long and medium wavelength Cone cells of the Retina about equally Fume is an English Punk/Alternative Rock/Post Grunge band and is the brain child of lead-singer Jon Ham Its toxicity is much lower than that of its neighbors in the periodic table such as lead, thallium, and antimony. Toxicity is the degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of displaying the Chemical elements Although precursors to this table exist its invention is Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Thallium (ˈθæliəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Tl and Atomic number 81 Antimony (IPA (Received Pronunciation, /ˈæntɪmoʊni/ (US is a Chemical element with the symbol Sb (stibium meaning "mark" and

Although, ununpentium is theoretically more diamagnetic, no other metal is verified to be more naturally diamagnetic than bismuth. Ununpentium (ˌjuːnənˈpɛntiəm or /ˌʌnənˈpɛntiəm/ is the temporary name of a synthetic Superheavy element in the Periodic table that has the Diamagnetism is the property of an object which causes it to create a magnetic field in opposition of an externally applied Magnetic field, thus causing a repulsive effect The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across (Superdiamagnetism is a different physical phenomenon. Superdiamagnetism (or perfect diamagnetism) is a Phenomenon occurring in certain materials at Low temperatures characterised by the complete absence of ) Of any metal, it has the second lowest thermal conductivity (after mercury) and the highest Hall coefficient. In Physics, thermal conductivity, k is the property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct Heat. Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum The Hall effect refers to the Potential difference ( Hall voltage) on the opposite sides of an Electrical conductor through which there is an Electric It has a high electrical resistance. Electrical resistance is a ratio of the degree to which an object opposes an Electric current through it measured in Ohms Its reciprocal quantity is When deposited in sufficiently thin layers on a substrate, bismuth is a semiconductor, rather than a poor metal. A semiconductor' is a Solid material that has Electrical conductivity in between a conductor and an insulator; it can vary over that [1]

Elemental bismuth is one of very few substances of which the liquid phase is denser than its solid phase (water being the best-known example). Liquid is one of the principal States of matter. A liquid is a Fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different A solid' object is in the States of matter characterized by resistance to Deformation and changes of Volume. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Because bismuth expands on freezing, it was long an important component of low-melting typesetting alloys, which needed to expand to fill printing molds. For freezing as a method of food preservation see Frozen food. Typesetting involves the presentation of textual material in graphic form on Paper or some other medium. An alloy is a Solid solution or Homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a Metal, which itself has

Isotopes

Main article: Isotopes of bismuth

While bismuth was traditionally regarded as the element with the heaviest stable isotope, bismuth-209, it had long been suspected to be unstable on theoretical grounds. Standard atomic mass 20898040(1 u Isotopes of Bismuth (Bi occurring within the radioactive Disintegration chains of Actinium Isotopes (Greek isos = "equal" tópos = "site place" are any of the different types of atoms ( Nuclides Bismuth-209 is the most stable Isotope of Bismuth. It has 83 protons and 126 neutrons and an atomic mass of 208 This was finally demonstrated in 2003 when researchers at the Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale in Orsay, France, measured the alpha emission half-life of 209Bi to be 1.9 x 1019 years,[2] over a billion times longer than the current estimated age of the universe. Orsay is a commune of Essonne, Île-de-France located in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an Atomic nucleus emits an Alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle Half-Life (computer-game page here It's already listed in the disambiguation page Bismuth-209 is the most stable Isotope of Bismuth. It has 83 protons and 126 neutrons and an atomic mass of 208 To help compare Orders of magnitude of different times this page lists times longer than 1019 Seconds (317 billion years The age of the Universe is the time elapsed between the theory of the Big Bang and the present day Owing to its extraordinarily long half-life, for nearly all applications bismuth can be treated as if it is stable and non-radioactive. The radioactivity is of academic interest, however, because bismuth is one of few elements whose radioactivity was suspected, and indeed theoretically predicted, before being detected in the laboratory.

History

Bismuth (New Latin bisemutum from German Wismuth, perhaps from weiße Masse, "white mass") was confused in early times with tin and lead because of its resemblance to those elements. The term New Latin or Neo-Latin is used to describe a form the Latin language used between the end of the Medieval Latin period (c The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Basilius Valentinus described some of its uses in 1450. Basilius Valentinus, also known under the Anglicized version of his name Basil Valentine was a 15th-century alchemist. Claude François Geoffroy showed in 1753 that this metal is distinct from lead. Claude François Geoffroy (1729–1753 was a French Chemist. He discovered the Chemical element Bismuth in 1753

"Artificial bismuth" was commonly used in place of the actual metal. It was made by hammering tin into thin plates, and cementing them by a mixture of white tartar, saltpeter, and arsenic, stratified in a crucible over an open fire. Potassium nitrate is a Chemical compound with the Chemical formula K[[Nitrogen N]] O 3 Arsenic (ˈɑrsənɪk is a Chemical element that has the symbol As and Atomic number of 33 A crucible is a cup-shaped piece of laboratory object Laboratory equipment used to contain Chemical compounds when heating them to very high Temperatures [3]

Bismuth was also known to the Incas and used (along with the usual copper and tin) in a special bronze alloy for knives. Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus An alloy is a Solid solution or Homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a Metal, which itself has [4]

Occurrence and production

In the Earth's crust, bismuth is about twice as abundant as gold. It is not usually economical to mine it as a primary product. Rather, it is usually produced as a byproduct of the processing of other metal ores, especially lead, copper, tin, silver, and gold, but also tungsten or other metal alloys. Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Tungsten (ˈtʌŋstən also known as wolfram (/ˈwʊlfrəm/ is a Chemical element that has the symbol W and Atomic number 74

The most important ores of bismuth are bismuthinite and bismite. An ore is a volume of rock containing components or Minerals in a mode of occurrence that renders it valuable for mining Bismuthinite is a mineral consisting of Bismuth Sulfide ( Bi 2 S 3 Bismite is a Bismuth Oxide mineral Bismuth trioxide or Bi2O3 It is a Monoclinic mineral but the typical form of In 2005, China was the top producer of bismuth with at least 40% of the world share followed by Mexico and Peru, reports the British Geological Survey. The British Geological Survey (BGS is a partly publicly-funded body which aims to advance geoscientific knowledge of the United Kingdom landmass and its Continental

According to the USGS, world 2006 bismuth mine production was 5,700 tonnes, of which China produced 3,000 tonnes, Mexico 1,180 tonnes, Peru 950 tonnes, and the balance Canada, Kazakhstan and other nations. The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. World 2006 bismuth refinery production was 12,000 tonnes, of which China produced 8,500 tonnes, Mexico 1,180 tonnes, Belgium 800 tonnes, Peru 600 tonnes, Japan 510 tonnes, and the balance Canada and other nations.

The difference between world bismuth mine production and refinery production reflects bismuth's status as a byproduct metal. Bismuth travels in crude lead bullion (which can contain up to 10% bismuth) through several stages of refining, until it is removed by the Kroll-Betterton process or the Betts process. Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly The Betterton-Kroll process is an industrial process for removing Bismuth from Lead. The Betts electrolytic process is an industrial process for separating Lead and Bismuth. The Kroll-Betterton process uses a pyrometallurgical separation from molten lead of calcium-magnesium-bismuth drosses containing associated metals (silver, gold, zinc, some lead, copper, tellurium, and arsenic), which are removed by various fluxes and treatments to give high-purity bismuth metal (over 99% Bi). The Betts process takes cast anodes of lead bullion and electrolyzes them in a lead fluosilicate-hydrofluosilicic acid electrolyte to yield a pure lead cathode and an anode slime containing bismuth. Bismuth will behave similarly with another of its major metals, copper. Thus world bismuth production from refineries is a more complete and reliable statistic.

According to the Bismuth Advocate News (BAN), the price (NY Dealer) for bismuth metal from year-end 2000 to September 2005 was stuck in a range from lows of $2. 70-$3. 10 per lb. in late November 2002 and $2. 60-$2. 90 per lb. in December 2003 to highs of $3. 85-$4. 15 per lb. at year-end 2000 and $3. 65-$4. 00 per lb. in mid June 2004. BAN shows the range pressing to $4. 20-$4. 60 per lb. in September 2005 and then $4. 50-$4. 75 per pound in mid September 2006, before bursting upwards steeply to $6. 00-$6. 50 per lb in mid November 2006, $7. 30-$7. 80 in late December 2006, $9. 25-$9. 75 per lb in early March 2007, $10. 50-$11. 00 per lb in late March 2007, $13. 00-$14. 50 per lb. in mid April 2007, to an all-time high of $18. 00-$19. 00 per lb in mid June 2007, and then backed off to $13. 50-$15. 00 per lb in mid November 2007. This unprecedented event reflects an extreme scarcity of bismuth, perhaps temporary.

Bismuth output in 2005
Bismuth output in 2005

Crystals

Though virtually unseen in nature, high-purity bismuth can form distinctive hopper crystals. A hopper crystal is a form of Crystal, defined by its " Hoppered quot shape These colorful laboratory creations are typically sold to collectors. Bismuth is relatively nontoxic and has a low melting point just above 271 °C, so crystals may be grown using a household stove, although the resulting crystals will tend to be lower quality than lab-grown crystals.

Applications

Bismuth oxychloride is sometimes used in cosmetics. Bismuth subnitrate and bismuth subcarbonate are used in medicine. Bismuth subcarbonate Bi2O2(CO3 sometimes written (BiO2CO3 is a chemical compound of Bismuth containing both Oxide Bismuth subsalicylate (the active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol and (modern) Kaopectate) is used as an antidiarrheal and to treat some other gastro-intestinal diseases. Bismuth subsalicylate, with a chemical formula C7H5BiO4 is a drug used to treat Nausea, Heartburn, Indigestion, An active ingredient ( AI) also active pharmaceutical ingredient ( API) or bulk active, is the substance in a drug that is Pharmaceutically Pepto-Bismol is an Over-the-counter drug produced by the Procter and Gamble company used to treat minor Digestive system upset Kaopectate, known medically as Bismuth subsalicylate, is an orally taken Medication from Chattem In Medicine, diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea (see spelling differences) is frequent loose or liquid Bowel movements Acute diarrhea Also, the product Bibrocathol is an organic molecule containing Bismuth and is used to treat eye infections. Bibrocathol is the substance 4567-Tetrabrom-132-benzodioxabismol-2-ol Bismuth subgallate (the active ingredient in Devrom) is used as an internal deodorant to treat malodor from flatulence (or gas) and feces. Bismuth subgallate, with a chemical formula C7H5BiO6 is the active ingredient in Devrom (internal deodorant an over-the-counter FDA approved An active ingredient ( AI) also active pharmaceutical ingredient ( API) or bulk active, is the substance in a drug that is Pharmaceutically Flatulence is the production of a mixture of gases in the digestive tract of Mammals that are byproducts of the digestion process This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter Feces, faeces, or fæces (see spelling differences) is a waste product from an animal's digestive tract expelled through the Anus

Some other current uses:

In the early 1990s, research began to evaluate bismuth as a nontoxic replacement for lead in various applications:

According to the USGS, U. The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. S. bismuth consumption in 2006 totaled 2,050 tonnes, of which chemicals (including pharmaceuticals, pigments, and cosmetics) were 510 tonnes, bismuth alloys 591 tonnes, metallurgical additives 923 tonnes, and the balance other uses.

Compounds

See also: Category:Bismuth compounds

Precautions

Bismuth is not known to be toxic, compared to its periodic table neighbours (lead, antimony, and polonium), although some compounds (including bismuth chloride) are toxic and should be handled with care. Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Antimony (IPA (Received Pronunciation, /ˈæntɪmoʊni/ (US is a Chemical element with the symbol Sb (stibium meaning "mark" and Polonium (pəˈloʊniəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Po and Atomic number 84 discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie Bismuth chloride is an Inorganic compound with the chemical formula BiCl3 As with lead, overexposure to bismuth can result in the formation of a black deposit on the gingiva, known as a bismuth line[5]. The gingiva (sing and plur: gingiva) or gums, consists of the Mucosal tissue that lies over the Alveolar bone.

See also

References

  1. ^ Semimetal-to-semiconductor transition in bismuth thin films, C. A. Hoffman, J. R. Meyer, and F. J. Bartoli, A. Di Venere, X. J. Yi, C. L. Hou, H. C. Wang, J. B. Ketterson, and G. K. Wong, Phys. Rev. B 48, 11431 (1993) doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.48.11431
  2. ^ Marcillac, Pierre de; Noël Coron, Gérard Dambier, Jacques Leblanc, and Jean-Pierre Moalic (April 2003). A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. "Experimental detection of α-particles from the radioactive decay of natural bismuth". Nature 422: 876–878. doi:10.1038/nature01541. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  3. ^ This article incorporates content from the 1728 Cyclopaedia, a publication in the public domain. Cyclopaedia or A Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences ( folio, 2 vols The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone [1]
  4. ^ Bismuth Bronze from Machu Picchu, Peru
  5. ^ bismuth line. Farlex, Inc. . Retrieved on 8 February 2008.

External links

Dictionary

bismuth

-noun

  1. a chemical element (symbol Bi) with an atomic number of 83.
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