Bishopric of Dorpat - Citizendia

The Bishopric of Dorpat (Estonian: Tartu piiskopkond; Low German: Bisdom Dorpat; Latin: Ecclesia Tarbatensis) was a medieval principality and a catholic diocese which existed from 1224 to 1558, generally encompassing what are now Tartu, Põlva, Võru and Jõgeva counties in Estonia. Low German or Low Saxon (in Germany: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch; in Netherlands: Nedersaksisch or Nederduuts Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Ecclesiology (from Greek grc ἐκκλησίᾱ ekklēsiā, "congregation church" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Ugandi ( Latin: Ungannia or Ugaunia; Latvian: Ugaunija; Low German: Uggn) was an independent The Livonian Confederation was established in 1418 covering the territories of present day Estonia and Latvia. Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Tartu is the second largest City of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual Low German or Low Saxon (in Germany: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch; in Netherlands: Nedersaksisch or Nederduuts Estonian (; ˈeːsti ˈkeːl is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1 A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince A Prince-Bishop is a Bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more Secular principalities usually pre-existent titles of nobility Hermann I (1163 &ndash 1248 was the first Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Dorpat (1224 &ndash 1248 within the Livonian Confederation. Margrave (marchio is the English and French form (recorded since 1551 of the German Title Markgraf (from Mark " Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican The Livonian War of 1558–1582 was a lengthy military conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and variable coalition of Denmark–Norway, Grand Duchy of Tartu is the second largest City of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual Estonian (; ˈeːsti ˈkeːl is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1 Low German or Low Saxon (in Germany: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch; in Netherlands: Nedersaksisch or Nederduuts Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. Tartu County ( Estonian: Tartu maakond) or Tartumaa, is one of 15 counties of Estonia. Põlva County (Põlva maakond or Põlvamaa, is one of 15 counties of Estonia. ‎ Võrumaa ( Võru County)( Võro: Võro maakund) officially Võru maakond, is a County in Southern Estonia Jõgeva County (Jõgeva maakond or Jõgevamaa, is one of 15 counties of Estonia. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region The Bishopric was part of Livonian Confederation. The Livonian Confederation was established in 1418 covering the territories of present day Estonia and Latvia. The first bishop of Dorpat (Tartu) was Hermann von Buxhoeveden, the brother of Albert, bishop of Riga and leader of the Livonian Crusade. Hermann I (1163 &ndash 1248 was the first Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Dorpat (1224 &ndash 1248 within the Livonian Confederation. Albert of Riga or Albert of Livonia (bīskaps Alberts Albrecht von Buxthoeven c The Archbishopric of Riga (Archiepiscopatus Rigensis Erzbisdom Riga was an independent Archbishopric established in 1255. The Livonian Crusade refers to the German and Danish conquest and colonization of medieval Livonia, the territory constituting modern Latvia The Estonian Diocese was established by the bishop of Riga in 1211 and its first nominal seat was Leal (Lihula) in western Estonia. Lihula (Leal is a town in Estonia with population of 1614 (as of 2006) In 1224, Estonian bishop Hermann took possession of parts of what is today southeastern Estonia and chose Dorpat as his new seat, 6 November 1225 he was enfeoffed with his principality by Heinrich, King of the Romans, and on 1 December created as a March of the Holy Roman Empire . Tartu is the second largest City of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with King of the Romans ( Latin: Rex Romanorum) was the title used by the elected ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the Imperator futurus Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Mark from the Old English mearc and march (or various plural forms of these words derived from the Frankish word marka ("boundary" The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The principality was founded mainly on territories of Ugaunian tribe of ancient Estonians. Ugandi ( Latin: Ungannia or Ugaunia; Latvian: Ugaunija; Low German: Uggn) was an independent Estonians ( Estonian: eestlased, previously maarahvas) are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns and inhabiting primarily the country In 1242, Bishop Hermann with his Ugaunian subjects was defeated by Novgorod's prince Alexander Nevsky in famous Battle on Lake Peipus. The Novgorod Republic (Новгородская республика / Novgorodskaya respublika Новгородская земьля / Novgorodskaya zemlja) was a Saint Alexander Nevsky (Алекса́ндр Яросла́вич Не́вский in Russian; transliteration Aleksandr Yaroslavich Nevskij) ( May 30 The Battle of the Ice (Ледовое побоище Ledovoe poboishche; Schlacht auf dem Eise Jäälahing Ledus kauja also known as the Battle of Lake Peipus

During 1268, Fredrik, the then Bishop of Dorpat, is known to have called himself also as the "Bishop of Karelia", the background of the short-lived title remaining open. Karelia ( Karelian and Finnish Karjala, Карелия ( Kareliya) Karelen the land of the Karelian peoples, is an area in ^[1]

The Bishopric of Dorpat was an important Hanseatic trade center.

In the end of 14th century, former Dietrich Damerow became the Bishop of Dorpat. He was the archenemy of the Livonian Order and made a coalition against it with Lithuania, Mecklenburg and Victual Brothers (notorious pirates of the Baltic Sea). The Livonian Order was autonomous Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1418&ndash1561 Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Mecklenburg ( Low German: Mekelnborg) is a region in northern Germany comprising the western and larger part of the federal state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern The Victual Brothers resp Vitalians or Vitalian Brotherhood were a companionship of Privateers who later turned to piracy The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. He even asked King Richard II of England to take Dorpat under his protection. Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 The Order invaded the bishopric in 1379 with no success. After settling the conflict the Livonian Order lost its right to demand vassals of bishoprics take part in military campaigns.

During its last years, the Bishopric of Dorpat had a dispute with Russia which became later the main pretext of the Livonian War. The Livonian War of 1558–1582 was a lengthy military conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and variable coalition of Denmark–Norway, Grand Duchy of Tsar Ivan the Terrible demanded that the bishopric pay huge tribute of 40,000 talers. Ivan insisted that the Dorpat was the ancient Russian fortress of Yuryev (referring to short term Ruthenian rule of the area after conquest by prince Yaroslav I the Wise, 1030–61(?)). Yaroslav I the Wise (c 978 in Kiev - February 20, 1054 in Kiev) ( East Slavic: Ярослав Мудрый Christian name The rulers of Dorpat tried to negotiate a smaller amount in the interest of extending the truce, but Ivan dismissed the diplomats and started the war. In 1558 Tartu was conquered by Russian troops and the Bishopric of Dorpat ceased to exist.

Beside Dorpat (Tartu) there were five more stone castles in the Bishopric:

Odenpäh (Estonian: Otepää) as the ancient centre of Ugandi and the first stone stronghold of bishopric;
Kirrumpäh (Kirumpää) and Neuhausen (Vastseliina) by the important ancient Dorpat-Pleskau (Tartu-Pihkva) road;
Oldentorn (Vana-Kastre) and Warbeke or Caster (Uue-Kastre) by the Emajõgi/Embach river which is joining the Dorpat/Tartu and the Peipus/Peipsi Lake. Estonian (; ˈeːsti ˈkeːl is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1

There was also an outstanding Valkena (Falkenau, Kärkna) monastery near Dorpat/Tartu, belonging to Ciscercians.

Ruins of Cathedral

The Bishopric today

The centre of the bishopric was the Tartu (Dorpat) castle (Estonian: Toomemägi). Estonian (; ˈeːsti ˈkeːl is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1 The castle was damaged during the Northern War and was dismantled during the 18th century, later (at the beginning of 19th century) an observatory was built on the site. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The bishopric's cathedral was damaged during the Protestant Reformation and has been in ruins since the 17th century. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar

The Bishops of Dorpat

Hermann von Buxhöwden 1224–48
Alexander 1263–68
Friedrich von Haseldorf 1268–88
Bernhard I 1289–1302
Dietrich II Vyshusen 1302–12
Nikolaus 1312–23
Engelbert von Dolen 1323–41
Wescelus 1342–1344
Johannes I Viffhusen 1346–73
Heinrich I von Velde 1373–78
Dietrich III Damerow 1378–1400
Heinrich II Wrangel 1400–10
Bernhard II Bülow 1410–13
Dietrich IV Resler 1413–41
Bartholomäus Savijerwe 1441–59
Helmich von Mallinkrodt 1459–68
Andreas Pepler 1468–73
Johannes II Bertkow 1473–85
Dietrich V Hake 1485–98
Johannes III von der Rope 1499–1505
Gerhard Schrove 1505–13
Johannes IV Duesborg 1513–14
Christian Bomhower 1514–18
Johannes V Blankenfeld 1518–27
Johannes VI Bey 1528–43
Jodokus von der Recke 1544–51
Hermann II Wesel 1552–60

References

^ Excerpt from sources. Hermann I (1163 &ndash 1248 was the first Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Dorpat (1224 &ndash 1248 within the Livonian Confederation. In Latin. Hosted by the National Archive of Finland. See [1] and Diplomatarium Fennicum from the menu.

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