Bishop Auckland
Bishop Auckland shown within County Durham
Population	24,392 (2001) [1]
OS grid reference	NZ208294
- London	227 miles (365 km) SbE
District	Wear Valley
Shire county	County Durham
Region	North East
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	BISHOP AUCKLAND
Postcode district	DL14
Dialling code	01388
Police	Durham
Fire	County Durham and Darlington
Ambulance	North East
European Parliament	North East England
UK Parliament	Bishop Auckland
List of places: UK • England • County Durham

Coordinates: 54°40′N 1°41′W / 54.66, -1.68

Bishop Auckland is a market town in County Durham in North East England. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government Wear Valley is a local government district in County Durham, England. Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Darlington postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Barnard Castle, Bedale, Bishop Auckland, Catterick The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Durham Constabulary is a Home Office Police force with the responsibility of policing the non-metropolitan county of County Durham and the Unitary The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and County Durham Fire and Rescue Service is the Statutory fire and rescue service covering an area of, for the Shire county of County Durham plus The North East Ambulance Service NHS Trust (NEAS is the authority responsible for providing NHS Ambulance services in North East England, covering North East England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Bishop Auckland is a County constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a list of places in County Durham, in England. The area covered is the entire ceremonial county, hence the inclusion of places in unitary A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Market town or market right is a legal term originating in the Medieval period for a European settlement that has the right to hold Markets North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear It is located about 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Darlington and 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Durham City at the confluence of the River Wear with its tributary the River Gaunless. Darlington is a town in County Durham, England and the main population centre in the Borough of Darlington. Durham (ˈdʌrəm in RP, locally ˈdʏrəm is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham, England Confluence, in Geography, describes the meeting of two or more Bodies of water. The River Wear (wɪə("wee-er" is a river in North East England, rising in the Pennines and flowing eastwards mostly through County Durham, A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river River Gaunless is a river of County Durham in England. Formed just south of the Village of Copley, by the confluence of Arn Gill According to the 2001 census, Bishop Auckland has a population of 24,392. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population Bishop Auckland has a town-twinning with the French town of Ivry-sur-Seine^[2]. Ivry-sur-Seine is a Francilienne commune of the Val-de-Marne, located in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France

History

Toponymy

The first part of the name, "Bishop", refers to the town being the residence of the Bishop of Durham^[3]. See also List of Bishops of Durham The Bishop of Durham is the Anglican Bishop responsible for the Diocese of Durham in However, the derivation of "Auckland" is thought to be less clear. One suggestion is that it is derived from "Alclit"^[4] or "Alcleat"^[3]. This could be Celtic in origin referring to its position close to what is today known as the River Gaunless, or from it being extra land granted to the Bishop of Durham by King Canute in around 1020^[4]. The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. } Canute the Great, also known as Cnut in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, or Knut ( Old Norse: Knútr inn ríki, Norwegian A further suggestion is that "Oakland", has been used to refer to the presence of forests^[3][5].

Early history

The earliest known reference to Bishop Auckland itself is as a gift of a Bishop's borough given to the Bishop of Durham as a gift by King Canute in around 1020. See also List of Bishops of Durham The Bishop of Durham is the Anglican Bishop responsible for the Diocese of Durham in } Canute the Great, also known as Cnut in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, or Knut ( Old Norse: Knútr inn ríki, Norwegian However, a village almost certainly existed on the town's present site long before this, with there being a church in South Church from as early as Saxon times. South Church is a village in County Durham, England. It is situated immediately to the south of Bishop Auckland. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south Furthermore, the Romans had a look-out post where Auckland Castle is sited today and a 10 acre (0. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Auckland Castle is a castle within Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England. 04 km²) fort at nearby Binchester.

Much of the town's earliest history surrounds its links with the Bishops of Durham. See also List of Bishops of Durham The Bishop of Durham is the Anglican Bishop responsible for the Diocese of Durham in In 1083, monks were sent from Durham Cathedral to establish a collegiate church, and in around 1183 Bishop Pudsey established a manor house in the town^[6]. The Cathedral Church of Christ Blessed Mary the Virgin and St Cuthbert of Durham, commonly referred to as Durham Cathedral, in the city of Durham, England In Christianity, a collegiate church is a church where the Daily office of worship is maintained by a College of canons; a non-monastic or A Prince-Bishop is a Bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more Secular principalities usually pre-existent titles of nobility Hugh de Puiset (c 1125&ndash3 March 1195 was a medieval Bishop of Durham and Chief Justiciar of England under King Richard I. Bishop Bek who preferred the town as his main residence over Durham Castle due to its proximity to hunting grounds later converted the manor house into a castle. Antony Bek (also spelled Beck (died 3 March 1311 was a medieval Prince Bishop of Durham. Durham Castle is a Norman Castle in the city of Durham, England, which has been wholly occupied since 1840 by University College Durham

Industrial revolution

With the arrival of large scale coal mining, and the associated railways in the nineteenth century the town grew rapidly.

Coal mining continued as a major industry until the mid-twentieth century when it went into massive decline^[7].

Governance

From 1894 to 1974, the town was governed by the Bishop Auckland Urban District council within the administrative county of Durham^[8]. In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, an urban district was a type of Local government district that covered an Urbanised area An administrative county was an Administrative division in England and Wales and Ireland used for the purposes of Local government. The Urban District was scrapped under the Local Government Act 1972 and replaced by a two tier district and county council system. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales Under the system Bishop Auckland was governed by Wear Valley District Council at the district level and Durham County Council at the county level. Wear Valley is a local government district in County Durham, England.

A third tier was added at the May 2007 local elections when a new town council was established. After the elections, the council elected Barbara Laurie as the town's first mayor. ^[9].

Under proposals approved by the government on 2007-07-25, Durham County Council and Wear Valley District Council will be replaced on 2009-04-01 by a single unitary authority serving the whole of County Durham. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler This article is about the year For the film see 2009 Lost Memories. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions ^[10]

The town is a part of the Bishop Auckland parliamentary constituency, and is currently represented at Westminster by Helen Goodman MP (Labour). Bishop Auckland is a County constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories Helen Catherine Goodman (born January 2, 1958, Nottingham) is a British Labour Party Politician. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the The town is in the North East England European Parliament constituency. North East England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU

The town is located in the Wear & Tees division of the Durham Constabulary, and served by the County Durham and Darlington Fire and Rescue Service and North East Ambulance Service. Durham Constabulary is a Home Office Police force with the responsibility of policing the non-metropolitan county of County Durham and the Unitary County Durham Fire and Rescue Service is the Statutory fire and rescue service covering an area of, for the Shire county of County Durham plus The North East Ambulance Service NHS Trust (NEAS is the authority responsible for providing NHS Ambulance services in North East England, covering

Geography

Bishop Auckland is located at 54°39′36″N, 1°40′48″W (British national grid reference system: NZ208294) on the Durham coalfield at the confluence of the River Wear with its tributary the River Gaunless. The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The River Wear (wɪə("wee-er" is a river in North East England, rising in the Pennines and flowing eastwards mostly through County Durham, A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river The River Gaunless was given its name by Norsemen in whose tongue it means useless. Norsemen is used to refer to the group of people as a whole who speak one of the North Germanic languages as their native language It is believed that this derives from the river's inability to power a mill, sustain fish or create fertile floodplains^[3][4]. ||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||}A floodplain, or flood plain, is flat or nearly flat land adjacent to a Stream or River that experiences occasional or periodic The town nestles in the rivers' valley about 100 metres (328 ft) above sea level. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface Besides this the town is all but is surrounded on all sides by hills ranging in height from around 150 metres (492 ft) above sea level to over 220 metres (722 ft) above sea level.

Bishop Auckland is located about 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Darlington and 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Durham City. Darlington is a town in County Durham, England and the main population centre in the Borough of Darlington. Durham (ˈdʌrəm in RP, locally ˈdʏrəm is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham, England The town is served by Bishop Auckland railway station, which marks the point where the Tees Valley Line becomes the Weardale Railway. Bishop Auckland railway station serves the town of Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England. Service All trains along the route are currently operated by Northern Rail, with the exception of First TransPennine Express services starting at Middlesbrough The Weardale Railway preservation project In 1993 British Rail announced its intention to close the line following the loss of the line's last significant commercial The town is not served directly by any motorways. Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation

Notable suburbs and wards include Cockton Hill, Woodhouse Close, and Henknowle. Additionally, once neighbouring villages such as South Church, Tindale Crescent, St Helen Auckland, and West Auckland now more or less merge seamlessly into the town. South Church is a village in County Durham, England. It is situated immediately to the south of Bishop Auckland. Tindale Crescent is a place in County Durham, in England. It is situated immediately to the south-west of Bishop Auckland. St Helen Auckland is a village in County Durham, in England. It is south-west of Bishop Auckland. West Auckland is a Village in County Durham, in North East England.

Climate

The nearest Met Office weather station to Bishop Auckland is located 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Bishop Auckland in Durham. For the UKMET model see Tropical cyclone forecast model. The Met Office (originally an abbreviation for Meteorological Office, The following local figures were gathered at this weather station between 1971 and 2000.

Like the rest of the United Kingdom, Bishop Auckland has a temperate climate. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located At 643. 3 millimetres (25 in)^[11] the average annual rainfall is lower than the national average of 1,125 millimetres (44 in)^[12]. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. Equally there are only around 121. 3 days^[11] where more than 1 millimetre (0. 04 in) of rain falls compared with a national average of 154. 4 days^[12]. The area sees on average 1374. 6 hours of sunshine per year^[11], compared with a national average of 1125. 0 hours^[12]. There is an air frost on 52 days^[11] compared with a national average of 55. Air frost occurs when the Temperature of Air falls below the Freezing point of water (0  °C, -32  °F, 27315 K 6 days^[12]. Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures are 12. 5 °C (54. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. 5 °F) and 5. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 2 °C (41. 4 °F)^[11]compared with a national averages of 12. 1 °C (53. 8 °F) and 5. 1 °C (41. 2 °F) respectively^[12].

Demography

According to the 2001 census, Bishop Auckland has a population of 24,392, living in 10,336 dwellings. Of these dwellings, around 44% are terraced houses, 33% semi-detached houses, and 17% detached houses.

Compared with the national average, the town's population performs poorly with regards to qualifications. At 31. 9%, the proportion of the town's population with no qualifications is significantly higher than the national average of 23. 2% and 29. 1%. Similarly, only 13. 8% have a degree level qualification (or higher) compared with the national average of 21. 1%.

84. 8% of the town's population identify themselves as Christian, compared with a national average of 71. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 7%. There are below averages numbers identifying themselves as belonging to other religion. The people of the town are also more likely to be religious than the national average with only 7. 3% stating they had no religion compared with the national average of 14. 8%.

At 1. 5% of the population, the town has a below average population of foreign born individuals, compared with a national average of 8. 9%.

"Population pyramid" showing the breakdown of the Bishop Auckland's population vs Age compared with the figures for County Durham and England and Wales. A population pyramid, also called age-sex pyramid and age structure diagram, is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a Source:^[13]

Economy

Graph showing unadjusted gross value added (GVA) in County Durham across 3 industries at current basic prices from 1995 to 2004. Gross Value Added or GVA is a measure in Economics of the value of goods and services produced in an area or sector of an Economy.
Legend      Agriculture, hunting and forestry      Industry, including energy and construction      Service activities      TotalSource:^[14]

Traditionally the town's economy was based heavily on coal mining. However, with the decline of the Durham coalfield, manufacturing has been left as the largest sector of employment in the town, accounting for 24. 6% of the town's employment^[13].

The town also traditionally had a strong retail sector^[15], as one of the county's main population centre's shoppers were attracted from smaller settlements on the Durham coalfield for miles around. However, the affect of the decline in the coal mining industry has been felt in the retail sector. Together with competition from local shopping malls such as the MetroCentre in Gateshead, the decline in the mining industry has been blamed for a downturn in the fortunes of retailers^[16], with commentators lamenting the number of down market stores and charity shops in the town centre^[17]. MetroCentre is the second most visited shopping centre in the UK attracting 24 million visitor a year In terms of retail area it's regarded as the largest Mall in the Gateshead is a Metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, in north-east England. A charity shop, second-hand shop ( UK) thrift shop, thrift store, hospice shop ( U

Notable employers in the town include Ebac, which is headquartered in the town and employs 350 people^[18].

The chart and table summarise unadjusted gross value added (GVA) in millions of pounds sterling for County Durham across 3 industries at current basic prices from 1995 to 2004. Gross Value Added or GVA is a measure in Economics of the value of goods and services produced in an area or sector of an Economy. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency

Landmarks

Auckland Castle's Gatehouse

Bishop Auckland Town Hall

Bishop Auckland Viaduct. Gross Value Added or GVA is a measure in Economics of the value of goods and services produced in an area or sector of an Economy. Auckland Castle is a castle within Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England.

Escomb Saxon Church

St Andrew's Parish Church

Notable buildings and structures in the town are Auckland Castle, the Town Hall, a Victorian Railway Viaduct, and St Andrew's parish church. Escomb churchjpg|thumb|Escomb Saxon Church]] Escomb Saxon Church is one of the oldest Anglo-Saxon churches in England, located in Escomb, approximately Auckland Castle is a castle within Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England. Escomb Saxon Church and Binchester Roman Fort are also close by. Escomb churchjpg|thumb|Escomb Saxon Church]] Escomb Saxon Church is one of the oldest Anglo-Saxon churches in England, located in Escomb, approximately Binchester is a small village in County Durham, in England. It has a population of 271 Also central to the town is Bishop Auckland's only skyscraper, Vinovium House.

Auckland Castle

Main article: Auckland Castle

Auckland Castle (often known locally as The Bishop's palace), has been the official residence of the Bishop of Durham since 1832. Auckland Castle is a castle within Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England. Auckland Castle is a castle within Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England. See also List of Bishops of Durham The Bishop of Durham is the Anglican Bishop responsible for the Diocese of Durham in However, its history goes back much earlier, being established as a hunting lodge for the Prince Bishops of Durham ^[19]. A Prince-Bishop is a Bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more Secular principalities usually pre-existent titles of nobility The Diocese of Durham is a Church of England Diocese, based in Durham, and covering the historic County Durham (and therefore The castle is surrounded by 800 acres (3. The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U 24 km²) of parkland, which was originally used by the Bishops for hunting and is today open to the public^[20]. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of

The castle's long dining room is home to 12 of the 13 17th century portraits of Jacob and his 12 sons painted by Francisco de Zurbarán, which were saved by Bishop Trevor in 1756^[21]. Jacob ( Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Standard   Yaʿaqov Tiberian   Yaʿăqōḇ; Francisco de Zurbarán ( November 7 1598 &ndash August 27 1664) was a Spanish painter. See also List of Bishops of Durham The Bishop of Durham is the Anglican Bishop responsible for the Diocese of Durham in Richard Trevor (1707 &ndash 1771 was Bishop of St David's from 1744 to 1752 and Bishop of Durham from 1752 until his death Trevor was unable to secure the 13th, Benjamin, so commissioned Arthur Pond to produce a copy, which hangs alongside the 12 other originals^[22]. Benjamin ( in the Book of Genesis, is a son of Jacob, the second (and last son of Rachel, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Benjamin

Binchester Roman Fort

Main article: Binchester Roman Fort

The route of the Roman road Dere Street passes straight through the middle of the town on its way to the nearby Roman Fort at Binchester^[23]. Binchester Roman Fort (called Vinovia by the Romans) is situated just over a mile to the north of the town of Bishop Auckland on the banks of the River The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news Dere Street or Deere Street, (latterly Via Regia in Scotland was a Roman road between Eboracum (York and Scotland. Binchester is a small village in County Durham, in England. It has a population of 271 Binchester Roman Fort, or Vinovia as it was known to the Romans, has the best preserved example of a Roman military bath house hypocaust in the country^[24]. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for Public baths originated from a communal need for cleanliness Often the term public is misleading to some people as they will have restrictions based upon who can use the facility A hypocaust (Latin hypocaustum) is an ancient Roman system of Central heating. Bishop Auckland's main shopping street, Newgate Street, together with Cockton Hill Road and Watling Road faithfully follow the route of Dere Street^[23]. Note that Watling Road should not be confused with the Roman road Watling Street, which is in the South of England. Watling Street is the name given to an Ancient trackway in England and Wales that was first used by the Celts mainly between the modern England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

Bishop Auckland Town Hall

Main article: Bishop Auckland Town Hall

The Town Hall is a "Gothic style" Victorian Building overlooking the town's market place and is Grade II* listed^[25]. A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance After being abandoned and then condemned for demolition in the eighties, the town hall was fully restored in the early nineties. It now houses the town's main public library, a theatre, an art gallery, tourist information centre and a café-bar^[24]. A public library (also called circulating library) is a Library which is accessible by the Public and is generally funded from public sources (such Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one An art gallery or art museum is a space for the exhibition of art, usually Visual art.

Bishop Auckland railway viaduct

The town also has a Grade II listed Victorian Railway Viaduct crossing the River Wear^[26]. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. A viaduct is a Bridge composed of several small spans The term viaduct is derived from the Latin via for road and ducere to The River Wear (wɪə("wee-er" is a river in North East England, rising in the Pennines and flowing eastwards mostly through County Durham, The viaduct provides scenic views of the surrounding countryside below as well as Auckland Castle, the Bishop's Park and the Town Hall on approaching the town from the Viaduct. It was originally built in 1857^[26][24] to carry the Bishop Auckland to Durham City railway line across the River Wear and the Newton Cap Bank that leads down to the river. The railway closed in 1968^[24] and the viaduct fell into a period of disuse and was at one point threatened with demolition. However, in 1995 the viaduct has been converted to take road traffic relieving the fourteenth century single lane Bishop Skirlaw bridge that sits in the valley below it^[24]. Walter Skirlaw (also Walter de Skirlaw, Walter Skirclaw, Walter Skirlaugh, Walter Shirlagh, or Walter Skarlawe) (born Swine

Escomb Saxon church

Main article: Escomb Church

The nearby village of Escomb is home to a complete Anglo-Saxon church. Escomb churchjpg|thumb|Escomb Saxon Church]] Escomb Saxon Church is one of the oldest Anglo-Saxon churches in England, located in Escomb, approximately Escomb is a village in County Durham, England. It is situated approximately 2 It is believed the church was built between the years 670 and 690^[27]. Much of the stone used to construct the church came from the nearby Roman fort at Binchester, with some stones having Roman markings on them^[27]. Binchester Roman Fort (called Vinovia by the Romans) is situated just over a mile to the north of the town of Bishop Auckland on the banks of the River The church is a Grade I listed structure^[28].

St Andrew's Church

St Andrew's church located in the adjoining village of South Church is a Grade I listed building^[29]. The church was built by Augustine monks in the thirteenth century and acted as a collegiate church^[23]. The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations In Christianity, a collegiate church is a church where the Daily office of worship is maintained by a College of canons; a non-monastic or It is the largest church in County Durham^[30].

Vinovium House

Vinovium House stands on a small hill at the southerly end of the town's viaduct. At 8 storeys high, it is the tallest structure in the town and can be seen from many points throughout Bishop Auckland. Vinovium House is the local headquarters for the Department of Work and Pensions. The Department for Work and Pensions (or DWP) ( Welsh: Adran Gwaith a Phensiynau) is the largest government department in the Government The name Vinovium comes from the Latin name for the Roman fort at Binchester, which was known as Vinovium or Vinovia. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. During the early part of the 21st Century, the whole building underwent a refurbishment, and was upgraded to include UPVC double glazing throughout. Views from the upper levels on a good day can stretch as far as Toronto to the north west, and Eldon to the south east. Toronto is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated a short distance to the north of Bishop Auckland and represented in Wear Valley District

Transport

Bishop Auckland railway station

The town has links with the birth of the railways, with the original 1825 route of the Stockton and Darlington Railway passing through West Auckland and Timothy Hackworth, a well-known locomotive builder, built steam locomotives in the neighbouring town of Shildon^[31]. Bishop Auckland railway station serves the town of Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England. The Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&DR which opened in 1825 was the world's first permanent Steam locomotive hauled public Railway. West Auckland is a Village in County Durham, in North East England. Timothy Hackworth ( 22 December 1786 &ndash 7 July 1850) was a Steam locomotive engineer who lived in Shildon, County Shildon is a town in County Durham, in England. It is situated to the 2 miles south east of Bishop Auckland and 11 miles north of Darlington

Today, Bishop Auckland railway station still provides passenger services being located at the end of the Tees Valley Line. Bishop Auckland railway station serves the town of Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England. Service All trains along the route are currently operated by Northern Rail, with the exception of First TransPennine Express services starting at Middlesbrough Although, the station is also at one end of the Weardale Railway, no services on this line currently come as far as Bishop Auckland. The Weardale Railway preservation project In 1993 British Rail announced its intention to close the line following the loss of the line's last significant commercial The town centre had a large railway goods yard until the 1970s. Freight traffic ceased to use the line between Eastgate and Darlington completely in 1993 when Blue Circle cement stopped using the line to transport cement from its works in Eastgate. Eastgate is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated in Weardale, a few miles to the west of Stanhope. Darlington is a town in County Durham, England and the main population centre in the Borough of Darlington. Blue Circle Industries was a British public company manufacturing Cement.

The nearest airport to the town is Durham Tees Valley Airport at around 19 miles (31 km) drive South-East of Bishop Auckland. Durham Tees Valley Airport is an Airport in North East England, located approximately 10 km (6 Miles east of Darlington, about The nearest motorway junction is Junction 60 of the A1(M), which is around 8 miles (13 km) away.

The town, has a bus station with a number of bus-routes serving the town. Following the withdrawal of the Go-Ahead Group from the town on 2006-04-08, most of these services are provided by Arriva^[32]. The Go-Ahead Group plc ( is a rail and bus operating company that was created following the privatisation of the UK's train and bus industries Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Arriva plc ( is a British -based international public transport operator headquartered in Sunderland. However, a number of smaller firms such as Weardale buses also serve the town.

Education

Further information: List of Schools in Durham LEA

Chart showing the percentage of pupils at each school achieving 5+ GCSEs (including Maths and English) at grade A*-C compared with national and LEA averages^{[33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38]}
Legend      Bishop Barrington School      King James Community College      St John's RC Comprehensive School      National Average      LEA Average

Graph showing average A-Level points score per students at sixth form's attended by Bishop Auckland students, compared with the national average and Durham LEA average. The following is a partial list of currently operating Schools in the North East region of England. The General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE) is the name of an academic qualification awarded in a specified subject generally taken in a number of subjects by Bishop Barrington School is a Co-educational Comprehensive school in the town of Bishop Auckland, Co Durham, England. St John's RC Comprehensive School is a Voluntary aided Roman Catholic Comprehensive school in the town of Bishop Auckland, County Durham The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education qualification in England, Northern Ireland and Wales,

The town itself has 3 secondary schools - St John's RC Comprehensive School, The Bishop Barrington School and King James I Community College. Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes St John's RC Comprehensive School is a Voluntary aided Roman Catholic Comprehensive school in the town of Bishop Auckland, County Durham Bishop Barrington School is a Co-educational Comprehensive school in the town of Bishop Auckland, Co Durham, England. The town also has a college, Bishop Auckland College serving the Further Education and Higher Education fields. Bishop Auckland College (formerly Bishop Auckland Technical College) is a Further education college located in the town of Bishop Auckland, County Further education (often abbreviated "FE" is Post-secondary Education (in addition to that received at Secondary school) that is distinct from Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges Both Bishop Barrington and King James schools have long histories being founded in 1810 by Bishop Barrington and in 1604^[39] on the orders of King James I respectively^[5]. A Prince-Bishop is a Bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more Secular principalities usually pre-existent titles of nobility Shute Barrington ( 26 May, 1734 – 25 March, 1826) was Bishop of Llandaff in Wales, as well as Bishop of Salisbury James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James

As illustrated in the graph, in terms of GCSE results, only one of the town's secondary schools, St John's RC Comprehensive School, meets or exceeds either of the national average or Durham LEA average of the proportion of students achieving 5 or more GCSEs (including Maths and English) at grades A* to C. The General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE) is the name of an academic qualification awarded in a specified subject generally taken in a number of subjects by Although traditionally the town's Grammar school^[39], King James I now trails in third place on this statistic. A grammar school is one of several different types of School in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries However, in the government's "contextual value added" statistic, which attempts to measure how much a school improves students, compared with how much other schools in the country improve students with similar circumstances, King James with 1038. 3 points performs better than all of St John's (1008. 5 points), Barrington (1018. 3 points) and the LEA average of 1006. 9 points.

At A-Level none of the towns sixth form centres reach the national average of 731. The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education qualification in England, Northern Ireland and Wales, 1 A-Level points per student and only St John's, with an average 709. 4 points, beats the LEA average of 651. 7 points^[36]. In comparison, Bishop Auckland College has an average A-Level score of 526. 9 points^[40] and King James an average points score of 502. 5^[34]. The Bishop Barrington School no longer has its own sixth form, with the school being a feeder for Queen Elizabeth Sixth Form College in Darlington. The sixth form, in the English, Welsh and Northern Irish education systems Commonwealth West Indian countries such as Barbados, Belize Queen Elizabeth Sixth Form College, or QE, is a Sixth form college on Vane Terrace in Darlington, County Durham, England Darlington is a town in County Durham, England and the main population centre in the Borough of Darlington. The average A-Level points score at Queen Elizabeth being 878. 9^[41]

The needs of those with special educational needs are served by Evergreen Primary. Special Education is the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures adapted equipment and materials accessible settings and other interventions

Schools in the town serving primary age education are detailed in the table below. Primary education is the first stage of Compulsory education.

Healthcare

See also: Bishop Auckland General Hospital

Bishop Auckland General Hospital

As is the case with the rest of the UK, the population of the town are served by the National Health Service (NHS). Bishop Aukland General Hospital is a small but very modern NHS District general. The National Health Service is the name commonly used to refer to the four Publicly-funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom collectively or individually (although The town has its own NHS hospital, Bishop Auckland General Hospital. Bishop Aukland General Hospital is a small but very modern NHS District general. The current Bishop Auckland General Hospital has 286 beds and since opening in 2002 has become a centre specialising in routine surgery ^[42]. The hospital also has a doctor led A&E department^[43].

The new hospital was a PFI project and was announced by the Labour government in the summer of 1997^[44]. The Private Finance Initiative specifies a method developed initially by the United Kingdom Government, to provide financial support for " Public-Private The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the It replaced the old Bishop Auckland General Hospital which had been housed in the town's workhouse buildings^[45] and temporary huts constructed during world war II. A workhouse, colloquially known as a spike was a place where people who were unable to support themselves could go to live and work World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Other local hospitals include Darlington Memorial Hospital and University Hospital of North Durham, which has replaced Durham Dryburn and was announced on the same day as the new Bishop Auckland General. Darlington Memorial Hospital provides acute services for the area around Darlington, South Durham and parts of North Yorkshire. The University Hospital of North Durham (UHND provides acute services for the north of County Durham, north east England; including Durham, Chester-le-Street

Sports

Bishop Auckland is famous for its amateur football team, Bishop Auckland AFC, which won the FA Amateur Cup 10 times in the Trophy's 80 year history, having appeared in the Final on 18 occasions^[39]. Bishop Auckland Football Club are an English football team based in Bishop Auckland, County Durham. The FA Amateur Cup was an English football competition The cup was launched by The Football Association in 1893 as a response to the domination

Bishop Auckland Football Club also helped out giants Manchester United after the Munich Air Crash in 1958 by donating 3 of their players, Derek Lewin, Bob Hardisty and Warren Bradley, to the Red Devils. This formed a bond between the two clubs that lasts to this day. In recent years Manchester United played a friendly match at Kingsaway, then home of the Bishops, to raise money for the cash strapped minnows. And only last year Manchester United donated floodlights to Bishop Auckland Football Club as they move into a new ground.

The adjacent village of West Auckland is notable for having been home to the first team to win the Football World Cup. West Auckland is a Village in County Durham, in North East England. The FIFA World Cup, occasionally called the Football World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international Association football Its team of local coal miners won the cup in the Easter of 1909 and again in 1911, defeating the mighty Juventus in the final^[46]. This story was portrayed in the 1982 television movie "The World Cup - A Captain's Tale" made by Tyne Tees Television and starring Denis Waterman^[47]. Tyne Tees Television is the ITV television contractor for North East England. Dennis Waterman (born February 24 1948 in Clapham, London) is an English Actor and Singer, best known for The cup, the Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy, itself was stolen from West Auckland Town F.C. in 1994 and a replica now resides in West Auckland working men's club^[46]. The Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy was a Football (soccer competition that took place twice in Turin, Italy, in 1909 and 1911 West Auckland Town FC are a football club from West Auckland, County Durham, England, competing in the Northern League. Working men's clubs are a type of private social club founded in the 19th century in industrial areas of Great Britain, particularly the North of England

Notable people

Stan Laurel (Left) lived in the town during his childhood

Former British Prime Minister, Sir Anthony Eden was born in the town. Stan Laurel (born Arthur Stanley Jefferson; June 16, 1890 &ndash February 23, 1965) was an English comic actor writer Robert Anthony Eden 1st Earl of Avon, KG, MC, PC (12 June 1897 &ndash 14 January 1977 was a British Conservative Politician

Stan Laurel of the comedy duo Laurel and Hardy lived in the town during his childhood attending the town's Grammar School, King James 1st^[39]. Stan Laurel (born Arthur Stanley Jefferson; June 16, 1890 &ndash February 23, 1965) was an English comic actor writer Laurel and Hardy were the popular American -based comedy team of thin British-born Stan Laurel (1890-1965 and heavy American-born Oliver Hardy (1892-1957 A grammar school is one of several different types of School in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries His parents owned the now demolished Eden Theatre, which was located at the junction of Newgate Street and South Church Road^[48], before selling to the Donoghue family.

Politician, Sir Anthony Eden, who was Prime Minister of the UK between 1955 and 1957, was born in Bishop Auckland^[49]. Robert Anthony Eden 1st Earl of Avon, KG, MC, PC (12 June 1897 &ndash 14 January 1977 was a British Conservative Politician This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. As was, Peter Soulsby, the current MP for Leicester South,^[50] and Mansfield MP Alan Meale^[51]. Sir Peter Alfred Soulsby (b December 27, 1948, Bishop Auckland) is a British Labour Party politician A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Leicester South is a Borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Mansfield is a County constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Joseph Alan Meale (born 31 July 1949 Bishop Auckland) is a politician in the United Kingdom.

Jeremiah Dixon, Astronomer and Surveyor of the Mason-Dixon Line^[52], footballer Charlie Wayman who played for Newcastle United, Middlesbrough FC, and Southampton FC^[53], Actor Christopher Hancock, who played Charlie Cotton in Eastenders^[54], Middlesbrough F.C. goalkeeper Ross Turnbull^[55], Town planner Thomas Wilfred Sharp^[56] and Craig Raine, the poet and critic^[57] were also all born in Bishop Auckland. Jeremiah Dixon ( Cockfield County Durham July 27 1733 &ndash Cockfield County Durham January 22 1779) was an English The Mason–Dixon Line (or "Mason and Dixon's Line" is a Demarcation line between four U Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Charles Wayman ( 16 May 1922 - 26 February 2006) was an English footballer Wayman who was born in Chilton, was a prolific Newcastle United Football Club (also known as The Magpies or The Toon) is an English football club based in Newcastle upon Middlesbrough Football Club, also known as The Boro are an English football club based in Middlesbrough, who play in the Premier League. Southampton Football Club is a professional English football team, nicknamed The Saints and based in the city of Southampton. Christopher Hancock ( June 5, 1928 &ndash September 29, 2004) was a British television and theatre Actor. Charles "Charlie" Cotton was a Fictional character in the popular BBC Soap opera EastEnders. EastEnders is a most popular and award-winning Television Soap opera, first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC1 on 19 February 1985 Middlesbrough Football Club, also known as The Boro are an English football club based in Middlesbrough, who play in the Premier League. Ross Turnbull (born 4 January 1985 in Bishop Auckland, County Durham) is an English football Goalkeeper. Thomas Wilfred Sharp (1901 - 1978 was born in Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England. Craig Raine (born 3 December 1944) is an English poet and critic born in Bishop Auckland, County Durham, England.

Roland Boys Bradford, who during World War I was awarded the Victoria Cross for bravery on 1916-10-01, and became Brigadier General, on 1917-11-10 at the age of 25 making him the youngest General in the British Army, was born in the nearby village of Witton Park^[58]. Roland Boys Bradford VC, MC ( 22 February 1892 - 30 November 1917) was an English recipient of the Victoria World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Witton Park is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated to the west of Bishop Auckland. Actor John Reed, was born and spent his childhood in the nearby village of Close House^[59]. John Reed, (born February 13 1916) is a retired English Actor, dancer and singer known Close House is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated a short distance to the north of Shildon, near to Eldon and Coundon

One of the UK's most prolific serial killers, Mary Ann Cotton, lived in the nearby village of West Auckland. Mary Ann Cotton (October 1832&ndash 24 March 1873) was an English Serial killer believed to have murdered up to 20 people mainly by West Auckland is a Village in County Durham, in North East England. She was hanged at Durham Jail in 1873 for the murder of her stepson. Hanging is the lethal suspension of a person by a ligature The Oxford English Dictionary states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death HM Prison Durham is a Prison located in Durham, England. It is currently a Category B local prison for adult male prisoners primarily serving However, it is believed that she could have been responsible for the deaths of up to 21 others^[60].

Frederick William Faber, the theologian and catholic priest, was educated at the town's grammar school^[61]

Cultural references

Lewis Carroll set the story "A Legend of Scotland" at Auckland Castle. Frederick William Faber ( June 28 1814 - September 26 1863) British Hymn writer and theologian, was born at A grammar school is one of several different types of School in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (ˈdɒdsən (27 January 1832 &ndash 14 January 1898 better known by the Pen name Lewis Carroll (/ˈkærəl/ was an English Auckland Castle is a castle within Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England.

Twin towns

Bishop Auckland is twinned with the French town of Ivry-sur-Seine, whilst the wider Wear Valley district is twinned with Bad Oeynhausen in Germany^[2]

See also

• Baron Foster of Bishop Auckland
• Baron Auckland

References

1. ^ ^{a b} 2001 Census Profiles (Numbers) for Major Centres in County Durham, Durham County Council, Retrieved on 2007-08-10
2. ^ ^{a b} Twinning, Wear Valley District Council. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Ivry-sur-Seine is a Francilienne commune of the Val-de-Marne, located in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France Bad Oeynhausen 'ønhaʊzən}} is a Spa town in the Minden-Lübbecke district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Derek Foster Baron Foster of Bishop Auckland, PC, DL (born 25 June 1937) was the British Member of Parliament for Barony Auckland is a title in both the Peerage of Ireland and the Peerage of Great Britain. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Retrieved 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Simpson, David. The North East England History Pages - Place Names. Retrieved on 2007-08-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid
4. ^ ^{a b c} "Echo Memories: Tides of change in the land of Canute", The Northern Echo, 2005-07-20. The Northern Echo is a daily regional morning Newspaper serving the north-east of England. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Retrieved on 2007-08-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid  
5. ^ ^{a b} Astrop - Auckland, Bishop, A Topographical Dictionary of England (1848), pp. 108-12. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
6. ^ Simpson, David. The North East England History Pages - Bishop Auckland and Surrounds. Retrieved on 2007-09-01
7. ^ Thematic Overview - Industrial, Keys to the past. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Retrieved on 2007-09-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
8. ^ A vision of Bishop Auckland UD, A vision of Britain. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
9. ^ "New Town Council for Bishop Auckland", Wear Valley District Council. Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus  
10. ^ "Durham unitary authority approved", BBC News, 2007-07-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus  
11. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Durham 1971-2000 averages, Met Office. For the UKMET model see Tropical cyclone forecast model. The Met Office (originally an abbreviation for Meteorological Office, Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
12. ^ ^{a b c d e} UK 1971-2000 averages, Met Office. For the UKMET model see Tropical cyclone forecast model. The Met Office (originally an abbreviation for Meteorological Office, Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
13. ^ ^{a b c} 2001 Census Profiles (Rates) for Major Centres in County Durham, Durham County Council. Retrieved on 2007-08-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire
14. ^ NUTS3 GVA (1995-2004) Data, Office for National Statistics. The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly Retrieved on 2007-08-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne
15. ^ "£2.4m 'people's plan' to revive economy of market town", The Northern Echo, 2000-08-09. The Northern Echo is a daily regional morning Newspaper serving the north-east of England. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Retrieved on 2007-08-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River  
16. ^ "Action plan aims to revive town fortunes", The Northern Echo, 2000-10-26. The Northern Echo is a daily regional morning Newspaper serving the north-east of England. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Retrieved on 2007-08-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River  
17. ^ "End of an era as charity shop pioneer pulls out", The Northern Echo, 2000-06-13. The Northern Echo is a daily regional morning Newspaper serving the north-east of England. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Retrieved on 2007-08-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River  
18. ^ "Ebac turns its eyes to Far East", The Northern Echo, 2006-11-16. The Northern Echo is a daily regional morning Newspaper serving the north-east of England. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Retrieved on 2007-08-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River  
19. ^ Castle History, Auckland Castle. Auckland Castle is a castle within Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
20. ^ Castle Grounds, Auckland Castle. Auckland Castle is a castle within Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
21. ^ "London should keep its hands off the treasures of the north", The Guardian, 2005-10-07. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.  
22. ^ "Bid to keep castle paintings in N-E", The Northern Echo, 2001-05-14. The Northern Echo is a daily regional morning Newspaper serving the north-east of England. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.  
23. ^ ^{a b c} Visit Wear Valley, Wear Valley District Council. Retrieved on 2007-08-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
24. ^ ^{a b c d e} Walking and Cycling Routes in Wear Valley, Wear Valley District Council. Retrieved on 2007-08-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
25. ^ Bishop Auckland Town Hall, Images of England, 2001-04-08. Images of England is a heritage initiative run by the National Monuments Record (NMR the public archive of English Heritage. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
26. ^ ^{a b} Newton Cap Railway Viaduct, Images of England, 2006-03-05. Images of England is a heritage initiative run by the National Monuments Record (NMR the public archive of English Heritage. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Retrieved on 2007-08-21
27. ^ ^{a b} History of the Church, Escomb Saxon Church. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Escomb churchjpg|thumb|Escomb Saxon Church]] Escomb Saxon Church is one of the oldest Anglo-Saxon churches in England, located in Escomb, approximately Retrieved on 2007-08-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire
28. ^ The Saxon Church, Saxon Green, Escomb, Images of England, 2000-08-08. Images of England is a heritage initiative run by the National Monuments Record (NMR the public archive of English Heritage. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Retrieved on 2007-08-21
29. ^ St Andrew's parish church, Images of England, 2000-08-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Images of England is a heritage initiative run by the National Monuments Record (NMR the public archive of English Heritage. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Retrieved on 2007-08-21
30. ^ Simpson, David. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. The North East England History Pages - Churches, Abbeys, Priories and Cathedrals of North East England. Retrieved on 2007-11-20
31. ^ Carpenter, George W. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, , Hackworth, Timothy (1786–1850), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 Retrieved on 2008-01-26
32. ^ "Go-Ahead will use green diesel", The Northern Echo, 2006-02-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. The Northern Echo is a daily regional morning Newspaper serving the north-east of England. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Retrieved on 2007-08-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire  
33. ^ "League Tables: King James I Community Arts College", BBC News, 2007-01-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine  
34. ^ ^{a b} "League Tables: King James I Community Arts College", BBC News, 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Retrieved on 2008-02-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment  
35. ^ "League Tables: St John's Catholic School & Sixth Form Centre", BBC News, 2007-01-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine  
36. ^ ^{a b} "League Tables: St John's Catholic School & Sixth Form Centre", BBC News, 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.  
37. ^ "League Tables: Bishop Barrington School", BBC News, 2007-01-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine  
38. ^ "League Tables: Bishop Barrington School", BBC News, 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.  
39. ^ ^{a b c d} Laurie, Barbara. A Short History of Bishop Auckland. Bishop Auckland Town. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine
40. ^ "League Tables: Bishop Auckland College", BBC News, 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.  
41. ^ "League Tables: Queen Elizabeth Sixth Form College", BBC News, 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.  
42. ^ Bishop Auckland General Hospital, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust. Retrieved on 2007-08-21
43. ^ Configuring Hospitals - Bishop Auckland Hospital, Department of Health, 2007-02-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. The Department of Health (DH is a department of the United Kingdom government but with responsibility for government policy for England alone on Health Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Retrieved on 2008-01-26
44. ^ "Ministers have given the go-ahead to 14 hospital building schemes", The Times, 1997-07-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples  
45. ^ Hospital Records Database - Bishop Auckland General Hospital, The National Archives. The National Archives (TNA is a British Governmental organisation created in April 2003 to maintain a National archive for " England, Wales Retrieved on 2007-09-06
46. ^ ^{a b} "World Cup winners prepare to tackle new kids on block", The Independent, 2006-10-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus  
47. ^ The World Cup - A Captain's Tale, Film & TV Database, BFI. The British Film Institute ( BFI) is a charitable organisation established by Royal Charter to encourage the development of the arts of film television Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
48. ^ Land, John. Walk with Stan Laurel in Bishop Auckland, Bishop Auckland Town. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
49. ^ Sir Anthony Eden - PMs in History, 10 Downing Street. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
50. ^ Biography of Peter Soulsby, Peter Soulsby. Sir Peter Alfred Soulsby (b December 27, 1948, Bishop Auckland) is a British Labour Party politician Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
51. ^ Alan Meale's CV, Alan Meale. Joseph Alan Meale (born 31 July 1949 Bishop Auckland) is a politician in the United Kingdom. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
52. ^ Biography of Jeremiah Dixon, Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 1993. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
53. ^ "Obituary - Charlie Wayman", The Guardian, 2006-02-07. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.  
54. ^ "Obituary - Christopher Hancock", The Independent, 2004-11-19. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.  
55. ^ "Soccerbase: Ross Turnbull", The Racing Post. The Racing Post is a British daily Horse racing, Greyhound racing and Sports betting Newspaper. Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.  
56. ^ Stansfield, K. M. Sharp, Thomas Wilfred (1901–1978), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 Retrieved on 2008-01-25
57. ^ Craig Raine, Contemporary Writers, The British Council. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate The British Council is a Public Body of the United Kingdom Government which specialises in educational and development opportunities Retrieved 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
58. ^ DLI Medal Collection - Roland Boys Bradford, DLI Museum. The Durham Light Infantry (DLI was formed in 1881 from the 68th Regiment of Foot which had originally been raised in County Durham Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
59. ^ Reed, John (2006). Nothing Whatever to Grumble At. Xlibris Corporation, p2. Xlibris is a Philadelphia -based Self-publishing and on-demand printing services provider founded in 1997 ISBN 1425702554.  
60. ^ "Mary Ann Cotton still rotten", The Northern Echo, 2002-03-22. The Northern Echo is a daily regional morning Newspaper serving the north-east of England. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.  
61. ^ The Good & The Great - Frederick William Faber, The Diocese of Ely. The Diocese of Ely is a Church of England diocese in the Province of Canterbury. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.

External links

• Bishop Auckland Town Website
• Wear Valley District Council
• Durham County Council
• Bishop Auckland Town Hall