This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. Algebraic chess notation is used to record and describe the moves in a game of Chess.

A bishop (♗,♝) is a piece in the board game of chess. Chess pieces vary in both value and abilities A standard chess match consists of each player having the following equipment 1 king A board game is a Game in which counters or pieces that are placed on removed from or moved across a "board" (a premarked surface usually specific to that game Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. Each player begins the game with two bishops. One starts between the king's knight and the king, the other between the queen's knight and the queen. The knight (♘ ♞ sometimes referred to by players as a 'horse' is a piece in the Game of Chess, representing a Knight (armoured cavalry In Chess, the King (♔ ♚ is the most important piece. The object of the game is to trap the opponent's king so that it would not be able to avoid capture The queen (♕♛ is the most powerful piece in the game of Chess. In algebraic notation the starting squares are c1 and f1 for White's bishops, and c8 and f8 for Black's bishops. Algebraic chess notation is used to record and describe the moves in a game of Chess.

The canonical chessmen are now dated back to Howard Staunton and the Staunton chess set. (1 removed from infobox|worldchampion = 1843-1851 (Unofficial (2 Mark Weeks has material and sources at http//mark_weeks The Staunton chess set is composed of a particular type of Chess pieces used to play the game of Chess. The piece's deep groove symbolizes a bishop's (or abbot's) mitre. The mitre (sometimes also spelled miter from the Greek μίτρα, 'headband' or 'turban' is a type of headgear now known as the traditional ceremonial head-dress of The groove originates from the original Indian form of the piece, an elephant (the groove represented the elephant's tusks). Elephants ( family: Elephantidae) are large land Mammals of the order Proboscidea. This groove was interpreted differently in different countries as the game moved to Europe; in France, for example, the groove was taken to be a jester's cap, hence in France the bishop is called "fou" (the fool).

Contents 1 The bishop's move 2 Comparison to other pieces 2.1 versus rook 2.2 versus knight 3 Game use 3.1 Good bishop and bad bishop 3.2 Fianchetto 3.3 Endgame 3.3.1 Bishops on opposite colors 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References

The bishop's move

Chess pieces
	King
	Queen
	Rook
	Bishop
	Knight
	Pawn

The bishop has no restrictions in distance for each move, but is limited to diagonal movement. Chess pieces vary in both value and abilities A standard chess match consists of each player having the following equipment 1 king In Chess, the King (♔ ♚ is the most important piece. The object of the game is to trap the opponent's king so that it would not be able to avoid capture The queen (♕♛ is the most powerful piece in the game of Chess. A rook, (♖ ♜ borrowed from Persian رخ rokh, Sanskrit rath, "chariot" also known as a castle is a piece in the The knight (♘ ♞ sometimes referred to by players as a 'horse' is a piece in the Game of Chess, representing a Knight (armoured cavalry The pawn (♙♟ is the weakest and most numerous piece in the Game of Chess, representing Infantry A diagonal can refer to a line joining two nonconsecutive vertices of a Polygon or Polyhedron, or in contexts any upward or downward sloping line Bishops cannot jump over other pieces. A bishop captures by occupying the square on which an enemy piece sits.

The bishops may be differentiated according to which wing they begin on, i. e. the king's bishop and queen's bishop. As a consequence of its diagonal movement, each bishop always remains on either the white or black squares, and so it is also common to refer to them as light-squared or dark-squared bishops.

Comparison to other pieces

versus rook

A rook is generally worth about two pawns more than a bishop. Standard valuations The following is the most common assignment of point values. The pawn (♙♟ is the weakest and most numerous piece in the Game of Chess, representing Infantry The bishop has access to only half of squares of the board, whereas all squares of the board are accessible to the rook. A rook, (♖ ♜ borrowed from Persian رخ rokh, Sanskrit rath, "chariot" also known as a castle is a piece in the A rook on an empty board always attacks fourteen squares, whereas a bishop attacks no more than thirteen and as few as seven, depending on how near it is to the center. A king and rook can force checkmate against a lone king, while a king and bishop cannot. Checkmate (frequently shortened to mate) is a situation in Chess (and in other Boardgames of the Chaturanga family in which one player's

versus knight

In general bishops are approximately equal in strength to knights, but depending on the game situation either may have a distinct advantage.

Bishops generally gain in relative strength towards the endgame as more pieces are captured and more open lines are available for them to operate. In Chess, the endgame (or end game or ending) refers to the stage of the game when there are few pieces left on the board When the board is empty, a bishop can influence both wings simultaneously, whereas a knight would need a few moves to do so. In an open endgame, a pair of bishops is decidedly superior to either a bishop and a knight, or to two knights. A player possessing a pair of bishops has a strategic weapon in the form of a long-term threat to trade down to an advantageous endgame.

In certain positions a bishop can by itself lose a move (see triangulation and tempo), while a knight can never do so. Triangulation is a tactic used in Chess to put one's opponent in Zugzwang. In Chess, tempo refers to a "turn" or single move When a player achieves a desired result in one fewer moves he "gains a tempo" and conversely when The bishop is capable of skewering or pinning a piece, while the knight can do neither. In Chess, a skewer (or thrust) is an attack upon two pieces in a line and is similar to a pin. In Chess, a pin is a situation brought on by an attacking piece in which a defending piece cannot move without exposing a more valuable defending piece on its other side to capture

On the other hand, in the opening and middlegame a bishop may be hemmed in by pawns of both players, and thus be inferior to a knight which can hop over them. Furthermore, on a crowded board a knight has many opportunities to fork two enemy pieces. In Chess, a fork is a tactic that uses one piece to attack two or more of the opponent's pieces at the same time hoping to achieve material gain (by capturing While it is technically possible for a bishop to fork, practical opportunities are rare. One such example occurs in the position at right, which arises from the Ruy Lopez: 1. The Ruy Lopez, called the Spanish Opening or Spanish Game outside English speaking countries, is a Chess opening characterised by the moves e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. 0-0 b5 6. Bb3 Be7?! 7. d4 d6 8. c3 Bg4 9. h3!? Bxf3 10. Qxf3 exd4 11. Qg3 g6 12. Bh6!

Game use

Good bishop and bad bishop

A player with only one bishop should generally place their pawns on squares of the color that the bishop cannot move to. The FIDE World Chess Championship 2004 was held at the Almahary Hotel in Tripoli, Libya, from June 18 to July 13. This allows the player to control squares of both colours, allows the bishop to move freely among the pawns, and helps fix enemy pawns on squares on which they can be attacked by the bishop. Such a bishop is often referred to as a "good" bishop.

Conversely, a bishop which is impeded by friendly pawns is often referred to as a "bad bishop" (or sometimes, disparagingly, a "tall pawn"). However, a "bad" bishop need not always be a weakness, especially if it is outside its own pawns' pawn chains.

In the position from the game Krasenkow versus Zvjaginsev,^[1] a thicket of black pawns hems in Black's bishop on c8, so Black is effectively playing with one piece fewer than White. Although the black pawns also obstruct the white bishop on e2, it has many more attacking possibilities, and thus is a good bishop vis-a-vis Black's bad bishop. Black resigned after another ten moves.

Fianchetto

A bishop may be fianchettoed, for example after moving the g2 pawn to g3 and the bishop on f1 to g2. In Chess the fianchetto (/ˌfiən'kɛto/ Italian "little flanking" is a pattern of development wherein a bishop is developed to the second rank This can form a strong defense for the castled king on g1 and the bishop can often exert strong pressure on the long diagonal (here h1-a8). A fianchettoed bishop should generally not be given up lightly, since the resulting holes in the pawn formation may prove to be serious weaknesses, particularly if the king has castled on that side of the board. This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order

There are nonetheless some modern opening lines where a fianchettoed bishop is given up for a knight in order to double the opponent's pawns, for example 1. d4 g6 2. c4 Bg7 3. Nc3 c5 4. d5 Bxc3+!? 5. bxc3 f5, a sharp line originated by Roman Dzindzichashvili. Roman Yakovlevich Dzindzichashvili (რომან იაკობის-ძე ჯინჯიხაშვილი רומן יעקובלביץ' ג'ינג'יחשווילי born Giving up a fianchettoed queen bishop for a knight is usually less problematic. For example, in Karpov-Browne, San Antonio 1972, after 1. Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (Анатолий Евгеньевич Карпов born May 23, 1951) is a Russian Chess grandmaster Walter Shawn Browne (born January 10, 1949 in Sydney, Australia) is an Australian and American Chess Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. c4 c5 2. b3 Nf6 3. Bb2 g6?!, Karpov gave up his fianchettoed bishop with 4. Bxf6! gxf6 5. Nc3, doubling Black's pawns and giving him a hole on d5. ^[2]

Endgame

An endgame in which each player has only one bishop, one controlling the dark squares and the other the light, will often result in a draw even if one player has a pawn or two more than the other. In Chess, the endgame (or end game or ending) refers to the stage of the game when there are few pieces left on the board In Chess, a draw is one of the possible outcomes of a game the others being a win for white and a win for black The players tend to gain control of squares of opposite colors, and a deadlock results. In endgames with same-colored bishops, however, even a minute advantage may be enough to win.

Bishops on opposite colors

Main article: Opposite colored bishops endgame

Endgames in which player has only one bishop (and no other pieces) and the bishops are on opposite colors are often drawn, even when one side has an extra pawn or two. Many of these positions would be a win if the bishops were on the same color.

The position from Wolf versus Leonhardt (see diagram), shows an important defensive setup. Black can make no progress, since the white bishop ties the black king to defending the pawn on g4 and it also prevents the advance  . . . f3+ because it would simply take the pawn. The bishop alternates between the squares d1 and e2 (Müller & Lamprecht 2001:118). A bishop (♗♝ is a piece in the Board game of Chess. Each player begins the game with two bishops

If two pawns are connected, they normally win if they reach their sixth rank, otherwise the game may be a draw (as above). In Chess, connected pawns are two or more pawns of the same color on adjacent files, as distinct from Isolated pawns These pawns are instrumental This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order If two pawns are separated by one file they usually draw, but win if they are farther apart (Fine & Benko 2003:184-204). This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order A bishop (♗♝ is a piece in the Board game of Chess. Each player begins the game with two bishops

In some cases with more pawns on the board, it is actually advantageous to have the bishops on opposite colors if one side has weak pawns. In the game of Efim Bogoljubov versus Max Bluemich, 1925 (see diagram), White wins because of the bishops being on opposite colors making Black weak on the black squares, the weakness of Black's isolated pawns on the queenside, and the weak doubled pawns on the kingside (Reinfeld 1947:80-81). Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubow (Bogoljubov Bogolyubov (Ефи́м Дми́триевич Боголю́бов April 14, 1889 &ndash June 18, In Chess, an isolated pawn is a pawn for which there is no friendly pawn on an adjacent file. This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order In Chess, doubled pawns are two pawns of the same color residing on the same file. This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order A bishop (♗♝ is a piece in the Board game of Chess. Each player begins the game with two bishops The game continued^[3]

29. Kd2 Ke7

30. Kc3 f6

31. Kd4 Be6

32. Kc5 Kd7

33. Kb6 g5

34. Kxa6 Kc7

35. Bb6+ Kc8

36. Bc5 Kc7

37. Bf8 f5

38. Bxg7 f4

39. Bf6 f3

40. gxf3 exf3

41. Bxg5 Bxh3

42. Bf4+ 1-0

See also

• Chess endgame
• Chess piece
• Chess piece point value
• Staunton chess set

Notes

References

• Brace, Edward R. (1977), An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess, Hamlyn Publishing Group, pp. 34-35, ISBN 1-55521-394-4 
• Barden, Leonard (1980), Play better CHESS with Leonard Barden, Octopus Books Limited, p. Leonard William Barden (born 20 August 1929, Croydon, London) is an English Chess Columnist 10, ISBN 0-7064-0967-1 
• Fine, Reuben & Benko, Pal (2003), Basic Chess Endings (1941), McKay, ISBN 0-8129-3493-8 
• Müller, Karsten & Lamprecht, Frank (2001), Fundamental Chess Endings, Gambit Publications, ISBN 1-901983-53-6 
• Reinfeld, Fred (1947), Reinfeld on the End-game in Chess, Dover Publications 

Reuben Fine ( October 11 1914  &ndash March 26 1993) was one of the best Chess players in the world from the mid 1930s through Pal Benko ( Hungarian: Benkő Pál, born July 14, 1928 in Amiens) is a Chess grandmaster, author and Dr Karsten Müller was born November 23 1970 in Hamburg Germany Frank Lamprecht (born 21 June 1968) is a German Chess international master and chess trainer Gambit Publications is a major publisher of Chess books The company's headquarters is in London Fred Reinfeld ( January 27, 1910 &ndash May 29, 1964) was an American Chess player and a prolific writer

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