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Birmingham, Michigan
Location of Birmingham, Michigan
Location of Birmingham, Michigan
Coordinates: 42°32′48″N 83°12′41″W / 42.54667, -83.21139
Country United States
State Michigan
County Oakland
Settled 1819
Incorporated 1864 (village)
Incorporated 1932 (city)
Government [1]
 - Type Council-Manager
 - Mayor Tom McDaniel
 - City Manager Thomas M. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The boundaries of the 83 counties in the US state of Michigan have not changed substantially since 1897. Oakland County is a county in the US state of Michigan. As of 2007, the population was estimated at 1206089 In the council-manager form of government an elected city council (typically between five and 11 people is responsible for making Policy, passing Ordinances voting Appropriations A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government A city manager is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a City, in a council-manager form of city government Markus
Area
 - City 4. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status 8 sq mi (12. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 4 km²)
 - Land 4. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 8 sq mi (12. 4 km²)
 - Water 0. 0 sq mi (0. 0 km²)
Elevation 778 ft (237 m)
Population (2000)
 - City 19,291
 - Density 4,035. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 7/sq mi (1,558. 2/km²)
 - Metro 5,456,428
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 48009, 48012
Area code(s) 248
FIPS code 26-08640[2]
GNIS feature ID 0621444[3]
Website: http://www.ci.birmingham.mi.us

Birmingham is a city in Oakland County of the U.S. state of Michigan. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout Oakland County is a county in the US state of Michigan. As of 2007, the population was estimated at 1206089 A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. As of the 2000 census, the total population was 19,291. An affluent suburb of Detroit, the city hosts a downtown that attracts shoppers from throughout the Metro Detroit area. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Downtown is a term primarily used in North America to refer to a city's core usually in a geographical commercial and community sense The Detroit metropolitan area, often referred to as Metro Detroit, is the metropolitan area located in Southeast

Contents

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 8 mi² (12. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 4 km², of which 4. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 8 mi² (12. 4 km²) is land and 0. 21% is water.

Demographics

As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 19,291 people, 9,131 households, and 5,076 families residing in the city. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 4,038. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4 per square mile (1,558. 2/km²). There were 9,700 housing units at an average density of 2,030. 6/sq mi (783. 5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96. 13% White, 0. 91% African American, 0. 15% Native American, 1. 50% Asian, 0. 04% Pacific Islander, 0. 19% from other races, and 1. 09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 19% of the population.

There were 9,131 households out of which 24. 7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47. 6% were married couples living together, 6. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44. 4% were non-families. 38. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 11 and the average family size was 2. 85.

In the city the population was spread out with 21. 2% under the age of 18, 3. 9% from 18 to 24, 34. 9% from 25 to 44, 26. 0% from 45 to 64, and 14. 0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 91. 5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88. 2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $80,861, and the median income for a family was $110,627. Males had a median income of $78,865 versus $51,834 for females. The per capita income for the city was $59,314. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 1. 6% of families and 2. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 5% of those under age 18 and 3. 3% of those age 65 or over.

History

The area comprising what is now the city of Birmingham was part of land ceded by Native American tribes to the United States government by the 1807 Treaty of Detroit. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The Treaty of Detroit was a Treaty between the United States and the Ottawa, Chippewa, Wyandot and Potawatomi [4] However, settlement was delayed first by the War of 1812 and subsequently by an unfavorable report by the Surveyor-General of the United States, Edward Tiffin regarding the placement of Military Bounty Lands for veterans of the War of 1812. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies Edward Tiffin ( June 19, 1766 August 9, 1829) was a Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio, and the first Governor In May 1812 an act of Congress was passed which set aside bounty lands as payment to volunteer soldiers for the War against the British ( War of 1812) [5][6] Tiffin's report claimed that "There would not be an acre out of a hundred, if there would be one out of a thousand that would, in any case, admit cultivation. " In 1818, Territorial Governor Lewis Cass lead a group of men along the Indian Trail. Lewis Cass ( October 9, 1782 – June 17, 1866) was an American military officer and Politician. The Governor's party discovered the swamp was not as extensive as Tiffin had supposed. Not long after Cass issued a more encouraging report about the land, interest quickened in its suitability for settlement.

The earliest land entry was made on January 28, 1819, by Colonel Benjamin H. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Pierce (brother of future U. S. President Franklin Pierce) for the northwest quarter of section 36. Franklin Pierce (November 23 1804 &ndash October 8 1869 was an American politician and the fourteenth President of the United States, serving from 1853 to In US land surveying, a section is an area nominally one Mile square containing 640 Acres (2 Colonel Pierce visited his land several times, but never settled on it. [7] In March 1818, John W. Hunter and his brother Daniel left Auburn, New York by sleigh and traveled to Michigan by way of Upper Canada. Auburn ( Áhsku•ˀ in Tuscarora) is a City in Cayuga County, New York, United States of America. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The Province of Upper Canada (French Province du Haut-Canada) was a British colony located in what is now the southern portion of the Province of Ontario They waited in Detroit for their father and other family members who arrived by schooner over Lake Erie in July. A schooner (ˈskuːnɚ is a type of sailing vessel characterized by the use of fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts Schooners were first used by the Lake Erie (ˈɪəriː is the fourth largest Lake (by surface area of the five Great Lakes, and the tenth largest globally The family remained in Detroit until spring 1819 when John W. made an entry for the northeast quarter of section 36 now in the southeast section of current-day Birmingham. Lacking a proper land survey, John W. mistakenly built his log house on a tract later purchased by Elijah Willets. That house was later occupied by William Hall, a son-in-law of Elisha Hunter, while John W. Hunter built another log house a short distance to the southeast. On September 25, 1821, Elijah Willets made a land entry for the southwest quarter of section 25. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Two days later, Major John Hamilton made an entry for the southeast quarter of section 25. Each of these initial land entries met at what is now the intersection of Maple Rd. and Pierce St.

For a time, all three men, John W. Hunter, Major Hamilton, and Elijah Willets operated hotels and taverns from their houses within a short distance from each other. While Hunter did not continue for very long, Hamilton and Willets continued a rivalry for many years, competing with each other for business from travelers on Woodward Avenue[8] between Detroit and Pontiac. M-1, more commonly known as Woodward Avenue, is a north-south state trunkline in the U Pontiac is a city in the US state of Michigan named after the Ottawa Chief Pontiac. The growing settlement was known variously as "Hamilton's", "Hunter's", or "Willets'"; it was later known as "Piety Hill". The settlement's original plat was surveyed and recorded on August 25, 1836, in the northwest quarter of section 36 then owned by Rosewell T. A plat consists of a Map, drawn to scale showing the divisions of a piece of land Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Merrill who also ran the town foundry and the thrashing machine factory. Merrill named his plat "Birmingham" after Birmingham, England in the hope that the new settlement would similarly become a great industrial center. Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland [9] Elijah Willets recorded a plat on his property on December 20, 1837. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common John W. Hunter followed suit with two plats on his property on January 31, 1840, and June 21, 1842, while Major Hamilton laid out a plat on October 7, 1846. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Several other properties were subsequently platted as additions. The plats made in 1836 and 1837 were in anticipation of completion of the Detroit and Pontiac Railroad. The Detroit and Pontiac Railroad is a defunct Railroad which operated in the state of Michigan during the mid-nineteenth century

Now known as "Birmingham", the village first received mail through the "Bloomfield" post office. Birmingham established its own post office on April 5, 1838. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The settlement incorporated as a village in 1864, comprising the northern half of section 36 and the southern half of section 25 with a total land area of one square mile. The first village elections were held March 1, 1864 and was soon governed by a seven-man board of trustees who appointed a marshal and a treasurer. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Birmingham re-incorporated as a city in 1933.

The names of the city's founders are seen throughout Birmingham in places such as Pierce Elementary School, Hunter House Hamburgers (which was located on the road formerly known as Hunter, which bypassed downtown and was renamed to Woodward with the original Woodward Avenue section being referred to as Old Woodward), The Hamilton Hotel, The Willets Building and Merrill St. Hall & Hunter Realtors named themselves in tribute to the builder and occupier of Birmingham's first home.

The Eccentric

George H. Mitchell and Almeron Whitehead, who were two of a small group of bachelors who had formed a club called The Eccentrics, published the first edition of their newspaper which they named after their club on May 2, 1878. At a price of two cents, The Eccentric provided a "live home paper, replete with all the news of the day" with considerable emphasis on the "local items of importance occurring in Birmingham and immediate vicinity". By the turn of the 20th Century, The Eccentric ran advertisements for Detroit stores and theaters as wells as offers of property and houses suitable for the "commuter. " In the 1920s, the slogan of The Eccentric was "For A Bigger and Better Birmingham".

Today, the Birmingham Eccentric Newspaper continues its role as keeper of the community's local heritage. [10]

Education

Birmingham City School District administers several nationally accredited schools including Seaholm High School and Groves High School, which recently was voted the number two public school in the state of Michigan, second only to Renaissance High in Detroit. Birmingham City School District, also called BPS for Birmingham Public Schools is the public school district for Birmingham Michigan. Ernest W Seaholm High School is a public school located within the Birmingham City School District in Birmingham, Michigan, serving grades 9-12 Groves High School, full name Wylie E Groves High School, is a High school in Beverly Hills Michigan, in the Birmingham City School District Roeper School has a campus on Adams Rd. The Roeper School is a private Coeducational day school with campuses in Birmingham and Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, serving students at all while Holy Name School, a parochial school affiliated with the Roman Catholic Holy Name Church, lies up the way from Quarton Lake. Holy Name School is a Catholic grade school for grades pre K-8 in Birmingham, Michigan. Parochial school is one term used (particularly in the United States) to describe a school that engages in Religious education in addition to conventional Education

Public library

The Baldwin Public Library serves the city of Birmingham and nearby communities of Beverly Hills and Bingham Farms. Bingham Farms is a village in Southfield Township, Oakland County in the U The original building first opened to the public on December 19, 1927. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In October 1959, an extension for the Youth Department was added to the east side of the building. In 1983, another addition opened changing the entrance to Merrill St. There are over 120,000 books in the library along with CDs, DVDs, periodicals, educational toys, databases and free wifi. Wi-Fi (ˈwaɪfaɪ is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used

The library is named after Martha Baldwin, a civic leader and lifelong resident of Birmingham who was instrumental in establishing the first library. She also helped get sidewalks for the business section, street lights, seats placed at interurban transit stops, flowers and trees planted and wastebaskets placed at the street corners.

Downtown

The city's downtown district has many coffee houses, ice cream parlors, upscale apparel and home furnishing shops, restaurants and theatres. The Townsend Hotel is one of the state's premiere locations for lodging and is the choice for many celebrities visiting or working in Southeastern Michigan.

Some popular restaurants include: Greek Boys Coney Island (formerly Leo's Coney Island), a Greek restaurant serving pitas, salads and gyros; Forte, a high class restaurant located near the Uptown Birmingham Theater; 220 Merrill; Tokyo Sushi and Grill; Greek Isles; The Rugby Grille; Cameron's Steakhouse and Mitchell's Fish Market (located next door to each other); and Old Woodward Deli.

The downtown offers a wide variety of shopping choices. Children's stores include Adventures in Toys, Roses are Red and Babyhood. Caruso Caruso satisfies trendy teenagers with top designer names. There are also small decor stores such as Fuschia Frog, Ribbons, Barbara's Paper Bag, and Woodward and Maple. The Varsity Shop is a popular destination for sports equipment and apparel.

Parks

The city has over twenty parks with many amenities including tennis courts, baseball diamonds, playgrounds, golf courses, sledding hills, nature trails, picnic areas and deep woods. Shain Park, the city's main commons, is the site of the Village Fair, art shows, summer music concerts and numerous community events all beneath "The Spirit of Freedom" sculpted by Marshall Fredericks. Common land (a common) is a piece of land owned by one person but over which other people can exercise certain traditional rights such as allowing their livestock to graze Marshall Maynard Fredericks ( January 31, 1908 – April 4, 1998) was an American sculptor

Transportation

Birmingham was a stagecoach stop in the 19th Century between Detroit and Pontiac. For other meanings see Stagecoach (disambiguation. A stagecoach (also called diligence) is a type of four-wheeled enclosed On June 18, 1896, the Oakland Railway, the electric interurban, came to Birmingham and provided service to Detroit in 40 minutes; the service ended in 1931. In Australia "interurban" is a general term for Intercity rail. Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART) currently operates local and regional bus transit. The Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART is the public transit operator serving suburban Detroit Michigan.

Amtrak provides passenger rail service on the Pontiac-Detroit-Chicago Wolverine with a stop in Birmingham three times per day in each direction (see also Birmingham, Michigan (Amtrak station)). The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 Pontiac is a city in the US state of Michigan named after the Ottawa Chief Pontiac. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Michigan Services is an Umbrella term used by Amtrak to describe passenger rail service by three separate routes connecting Chicago, Illinois Birmingham is an Amtrak station in Birmingham Michigan. It is served by the.

In 1839, the railroad tracks were extended to Birmingham with two steam trains a day running to Detroit. By 1931, the Grand Trunk Western Railroad (GTW) moved the tracks to their present location and provided commuter rail service from Pontiac to downtown Detroit with a stop in Birmingham. The Grand Trunk Western Railroad is an important subsidiary of the Canadian National Railway (CN The Southeastern Michigan Transportation Authority (SEMTA) took control of this service in 1968 but was ended on October 17, 1983 after subsidies were discontinued. Efforts continue to this day to restore such service.

Class one freight rail service is provided by Canadian National Railway (CN).

Religion

The First United Methodist Church was established in 1821 with its first services conducted in Elijah Willits' tavern. Its current location was built in 1839; it is now the oldest church building in the city. [11][12] Currently, there are other houses of worship spanning many different religions.

Notable people from Birmingham

"The Spirit of Freedom" by Marshall Fredericks
"The Spirit of Freedom" by Marshall Fredericks

External links

References

  1. ^ City of Birmingham, MI: City Commission
  2. ^ a b American FactFinder. Tim Allen (born Timothy Allen Dick; June 13, 1953) is an American Comedian, Actor, Voice-over artist and Shane Courtney Battier (born September 9 1978 in Birmingham, Michigan) is an American professional Basketball player The Houston Rockets are an American professional Basketball team based in Houston Texas. Mike Binder (born June 2[[ 958]] is an award-winning American screenwriter film director and actor Bruce Lorne Campbell (born June 22 1958) is an American Actor, producer, Writer and director. Clarence Dayton Hillman (1870-1935 was a prominent businessman and real estate developer in Seattle Washington at the beginning of the 20th century Virgil Max "Ex" Exner Sr was an Automobile Designer for numerous American companies notably Chrysler and Studebaker Marshall Maynard Fredericks ( January 31, 1908 – April 4, 1998) was an American sculptor Christopher Edward "Chris" Hansen (born March 26 1959) is an American television personality best known for his work on the Dateline James J Hughes PhD is a sociologist and bioethicist teaching health policy at Trinity College in Hartford, Laura Elizabeth Innes (born August 16 1959) is a three-time Emmy Award -nominated American actress and director. Christine Lahti (born April 4, 1950) is an American Emmy Award - and two-time Golden Globe Award -winning actress and Academy Panayotis Alexander (Alexi Lalas (born June 1 1970 Birmingham Michigan) is a retired American soccer defender, who became one of the most Los Angeles Galaxy (aka LA Galaxy) is an American soccer club based in Los Angeles California. Elmore John Leonard Jr (born October 11, 1925) is a popular and acclaimed American Novelist and Screenwriter. Out of Africa is a 1985 Film based loosely on the autobiographical book by Isak Dinesen (pseudonym of Karen Blixen) published Richard Terrance ("Terry" McDermott (b 20 September 1940, Essexville Michigan) is a former speed skater from the United Speed skating or speedskating is a competitive form of Skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance The 1964 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IX Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Innsbruck Innsbruck is the capital city of the federal state of Tyrol in western Austria. Gerald Stephen "Jerry" McGowan (born September 3 1946) was appointed United States Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Megan Elisabeth Oliver (b June 15 1970, Birmingham Michigan) is a reporter for CBS News "Up To The Minute" is also a scoreboard segment on CBC 's " Hockey Night In Canada " Stone Stockton Phillips (born December 2, 1954 in Texas City Texas) is the former co-anchor of Dateline NBC, a Newsmagazine Samuel Marshall "Sam" Raimi (born October 23, 1959) is an American Film director, producer, Actor and David Wayne Spade (born July 22, 1964) is an Emmy nominated American Actor, Comedian, Television personality Peter Paul and Mary (often called PP&M) are a musical group from the United States who were one of the most successful folk-singing groups of the James Tobin ( March 5, 1918 March 11, 2002) was an American Economist. Sheila Grace Young-Ochowicz (born 14 October 1950 in Waco Texas) is a former speed skater and track cyclist from the United Innsbruck is the capital city of the federal state of Tyrol in western Austria. The 1976 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XII Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated February Henrik Zetterberg (born October 9, 1980, in Njurunda, Sweden) is a Swedish professional Ice hockey player The Detroit Red Wings are a professional Ice hockey team based in Detroit Michigan, and current Stanley Cup champions "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  3. ^ US Board on Geographic Names. United States Geological Survey (2007-10-25). The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  4. ^ Seeley pp. 188-189
  5. ^ Seeley,pp. 27-28
  6. ^ Description of the military land in Michigan, report by surveyor-general Edward Tiffin, [[November 30, 1815, in Michigan As a Province, Territory and State, the Twenty-Sixth Member of the Federal Union Vol. Edward Tiffin ( June 19, 1766 August 9, 1829) was a Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio, and the first Governor 2, by Henry M. Utley and Clarence M. Cutcheon. pg. 254-255.
  7. ^ Seeley p.372
  8. ^ Woodward Ave. History
  9. ^ Romig, Walter [1973] (1986). Michigan Place Names. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-1838-X.  
  10. ^ City of Birmingham, MI: The Birmingham Eccentric
  11. ^ First United Methodist Church History
  12. ^ Tutag, Nola Huse, and Lucy Hamilton. Discovering Stained Glass in Detroit [1]
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