Bioaugmentation is the introduction of a group of natural microbial strains or a genetically engineered variant to treat contaminated soil or water.
Usually the steps involve studying the indigenous varieties present in the location to determine if biostimulation is possible. Endemism is the Ecological state of being unique to a place Endemic species are not naturally found elsewhere Biostimulation involves the modification of the environment to stimulate existing Bacteria capable of Bioremediation. If the indigenous variety do not have the metabolic capability to perform the remediation process, exogenous varieties with such sophisticated pathways are introduced. Metabolism is the set of Chemical reactions that occur in living Organisms in order to maintain Life. Exogenous (or exogeneous) (from the Greek words "exo" and "gen" meaning "outside" and "production" refers to an action or
Bioaugmentation is commonly used in municipal wastewater treatment to restart activated sludge bioreactors.
Bioaugmentation of Chlorinated Solvents
At sites where soil and groundwater are contaminated with chlorinated ethenes, such as tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene, bioaugmentation is used to ensure that the in situ microorganisms can completely degrade these contaminants to ethene and chloride, which are non-toxic. Tetrachloroethylene, also known under its systematic name tetrachloroethene and as perchloroethylene, perchloroethene, perc, and PCE The Chemical compound trichloroethylene is a chlorinated Hydrocarbon commonly used as an industrial Solvent. Structure This Hydrocarbon has four Hydrogen Atoms bound to a pair of Carbon atoms that are connected by a Double bond. The chloride Ion is formed when the element Chlorine picks up one Electron to form an Anion (negatively-charged ion Cl&minus Bioaugmentation is typically only applicable to bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes, although there are emerging cultures with the potential to biodegrade other compounds including chloroethanes, chloromethanes, and MTBE. Chloroethane or monochloroethane, commonly known by its old name ethyl chloride, is a Chemical compound once widely used in producing Tetra-ethyl lead Chloromethane, also called Methyl chloride, R-40 or HCC 40 is a Chemical compound of the group of Organic compounds called Haloalkanes. Methyl tert -butyl ether, also known as methyl tertiary butyl ether and MTBE, is a Chemical compound with molecular formula C5H12O The first reported application of bioaugmentation for chlorinated ethenes was at Kelly Air Force Base, TX (Major et al. Kelly Field Annex (Formerly Kelly Air Force Base is a United States Air Force facility located in San Antonio Texas. , 2002).
Bioaugmentation is typically performed in conjunction with the addition of electron donor (biostimulation) to achieve geochemical conditions in groundwater that favor the growth of the dechlorinating microorganisms in the bioaugmentation culture.
Bioaugmentation Cultures
Methods of Injection
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