| William Jefferson Clinton | |
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| In office January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001 |
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| Vice President | Albert A. Gore, Jr. |
| Preceded by | George H. W. Bush |
| Succeeded by | George W. Bush |
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42nd Governor of Arkansas
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| In office January 11, 1983 – December 12, 1992 |
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| Lieutenant | Winston Bryant (1983-1991) Jim Guy Tucker (1991-1992) |
| Preceded by | Frank D. White |
| Succeeded by | Jim Guy Tucker |
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40th Governor of Arkansas
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| In office January 9, 1979 – January 19, 1981 |
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| Lieutenant | Joe Purcell |
| Preceded by | Joe Purcell (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Frank D. White |
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| In office 1977 – 1979 |
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| Preceded by | Jim Guy Tucker |
| Succeeded by | Steve Clark |
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| Born | August 19, 1946 Hope, Arkansas |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Hillary Rodham Clinton |
| Children | Chelsea Clinton |
| Alma mater | Georgetown University University College, Oxford Yale Law School |
| Occupation | Lawyer |
| Religion | Southern Baptist |
| Signature |  |
| Website | William J. Clinton Presidential Library |
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946)[1] was the forty-second President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Albert Arnold Gore Jr (born March 31 1948 is an American environmental Activist, author Businessperson, former Politician, and former George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The Governor of the State of Arkansas is the chief executive of the state and Commander-in-chief of its military forces. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Winston Bryant (born October 3, 1938) is a former Democratic Secretary of State ( 1977 - 1978) Lieutenant governor James " Jim " Guy Tucker Jr (born June 13 1943) is a former governor, Lieutenant governor, Attorney Frank Durward White ( June 4, 1933 &ndash May 21, 2003) was only the second Republican governor of the U James " Jim " Guy Tucker Jr (born June 13 1943) is a former governor, Lieutenant governor, Attorney The Governor of the State of Arkansas is the chief executive of the state and Commander-in-chief of its military forces. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Joe Edward Purcell ( July 29 1923 – March 1987 was the Democratic acting governor of the U Joe Edward Purcell ( July 29 1923 – March 1987 was the Democratic acting governor of the U Frank Durward White ( June 4, 1933 &ndash May 21, 2003) was only the second Republican governor of the U The state attorney general in the United States is an executive office in all 50 State governments. Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. James " Jim " Guy Tucker Jr (born June 13 1943) is a former governor, Lieutenant governor, Attorney Steve Clark may refer to Steve Clark, late guitarist for Def Leppard Stevan Dion Clark, Former New England Patriots Defensive End in the Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hope is a small City in Hempstead County, Arkansas, United States. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26 1947 is the junior United States Senator from Chelsea Victoria Clinton (born February 27 1980 is the daughter and only child of former U Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Georgetown University is a Jesuit Private university located in Georgetown Washington D University College (in full the The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford, colloquially referred to as Univ) is one of The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the Yale Law School, or YLS, is the Law school of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut. A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person The Southern Baptist Convention ( SBC) is a United States -based mostly conservative Christian denomination Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by He was the third-youngest president, older only than Theodore Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy. This is a list of United States Presidents by age. This table can be sorted to display United States Presidents by name order of office date of birth age at ascension length Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of He became president at the end of the Cold War, and as he was born in the period after World War II, is known as the first Baby Boomer president. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Baby boomer is a term used to describe a person who was born during the Post-World War II baby boom between 1946 and 1964 [2] He is the husband of New York Senator and 2008 Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Rodham Clinton. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26 1947 is the junior United States Senator from
Clinton was described as a New Democrat and was largely known for the Third Way philosophy of governance that came to epitomize his two terms as president. In the Politics of the United States, the New Democrats are an ideologically centrist faction within the Democratic Party that emerged after the victory The Third Way is a term that has been used to describe a variety of political philosophies of governance that embracing a mix of market and interventionist philosophies [3] His policies, on issues such as the North American Free Trade Agreement and welfare reform, have been described as "centrist. Welfare reform is a movement for policy change in countries with a state-administered social welfare systems "[4][5] Clinton presided over the longest period of peace-time economic expansion in American history, which included a balanced budget and a reported federal surplus. [6][7] Based on Congressional accounting rules, at the end of his presidency Clinton reported a surplus of $559 billion. On the heels of a failed attempt at health care reform with a Democratic Congress, for the first time in forty years, Republicans won control of the House of Representatives. The Clinton health care plan, sometimes called " HillaryCare " by opponents was a 1993 healthcare reform package proposed by the administration of Bill The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The term can also refer to the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that led to the establishment of the Republic of China. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. [8] In his second term he was impeached by the U.S. House for perjury and obstruction of justice,[9] but was subsequently acquitted by the United States Senate and completed his term. Former President of the United States Bill Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives on December 19, 1998 The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Perjury, also known as forswearing, is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under Oath or Affirmation in a The crime of obstruction of justice includes crimes committed by Judges Prosecutors attorneys general, and elected officials in general In Criminal law, an acquittal is a verdict of not guilty, or some similar end of the proceeding that terminates it with prejudice without a verdict The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives [10]
Clinton left office with an approval rating at 65%, the highest end of office rating of any President since World War II. In the United States, presidential job approval ratings were introduced by George Gallup in the late 1930s (probably 1937 to gauge public support for the president World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [11] Since leaving office, Clinton has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work. To promote and address international causes, such as treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS and global warming, he created the William J. Clinton Foundation. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the In 2004, he released his autobiography, My Life. My Life is a 2004 Autobiography written by former President of the United States Bill Clinton, who left office on January 20
Early life
William Jefferson Clinton was born in Hope, Arkansas. Hope is a small City in Hempstead County, Arkansas, United States. Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. His birth name was William Jefferson Blythe III. Clinton's father, William Jefferson Blythe, Jr., was a traveling salesman who died in a car accident three months before Bill was born. William Jefferson Blythe Jr ( February 27, 1918 &ndash May 17, 1946) was an Arkansas salesman of heavy equipment and the father [1] Following his birth, in order to study nursing, his mother Virginia Dell Cassidy (1923-1994), traveled to New Orleans, leaving Clinton in Hope with grandparents Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, who owned and operated a small grocery store. Virginia Dell Cassidy Blythe Clinton Dwire Kelley ( June 6, 1923 – January 6, 1994) born Virginia Dell Cassidy, was the mother New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana A grocery store is a store established primarily for the Retailing of Food. [12] At a time when the Southern United States were racially segregated, Clinton's grandparents sold goods on credit to people of all racial groups. The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive Racial segregation in the United States is the Racial segregation of facilities services and opportunities such as housing education employment and transportation along Credit is the provision of resources (such as granting a Loan) by one party to another party where that second party does not reimburse the first party immediately thereby generating [13] In 1950, Clinton's mother returned from nursing school and shortly thereafter married Roger Clinton, who together with his brother owned an automobile dealership in Hot Springs, Arkansas. Roger Clinton Sr ( July 25, 1909 &ndash November 1967 was the stepfather of Bill Clinton. A car dealership or vehicle local distribution is a business that sells new cars and/or Used cars at the Retail level based on a dealership contract Hot Springs is the 10th most populous city in the US state of Arkansas, the County seat of Garland County, and the principal city of the Hot [14] The family moved to Hot Springs in 1950.
Although he assumed use of it, it was not until Billy (as he was known then) turned fourteen that he formally adopted his stepfather's surname of Clinton. Clinton says he remembers his stepfather as a gambler and an alcoholic who regularly abused his mother and, at times, his half-brother, Roger, Jr.[14][15]
Education
In Hot Springs, Clinton attended St. Alcoholism is a term with multiple and sometimes conflicting definitions Roger Cassidy Clinton Jr (born July 25, 1956) is an American actor and half-brother of President Bill Clinton. John's Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School, and Hot Springs High School - where he was an active student leader, avid reader, and musician. Hot Springs High School is a public Secondary school located in Hot Springs Arkansas. A musician is a person who plays or writes Music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music An instrumentalist plays a [16] He was in the chorus and played the tenor saxophone, winning first chair in the state band's saxophone section. The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the Saxophone family a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s He briefly considered dedicating his life to music, but as he noted in his autobiography My Life:
| “ | (…) Sometime in my sixteenth year I decided I wanted to be in public life as an elected official. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. An autobiography, from the Greek αὐτός autos "self" βίος bios "life" and γράφειν graphein "to write" My Life is a 2004 Autobiography written by former President of the United States Bill Clinton, who left office on January 20 I loved music and thought I could be very good, but I knew I would never be John Coltrane or Stan Getz. Stanley Gayetzky ( February 2, 1927 in Philadelphia – June 6, 1991 in Malibu, California) usually known by I was interested in medicine and thought I could be a fine doctor, but I knew I would never be Michael DeBakey. Michael Ellis DeBakey MD ( September 7 1908 &ndash July 11 2008) was a world-renowned American heart surgeon, innovator medical But I knew I could be great in public service. [17] | ” |
In 1963, two influential moments in Clinton's life contributed to his decision to become a public figure. One was his visit to the White House to meet President John F. Kennedy, as a Boys Nation senator. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of Boys Nation is an annual civic training event run by the American Legion. [14][15] The other was listening to Martin Luther King's 1963 I Have a Dream speech (he memorized Dr. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader " I Have A Dream " is the popular name given to the historic public speech by Martin Luther King Jr King's words). [18]
With the aid of scholarships, Clinton attended the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., receiving a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service (B.S.F.S.) degree in 1968. The Edmund A Walsh School of Foreign Service (commonly abbreviated SFS) is a school within Georgetown University in Washington D Georgetown University is a Jesuit Private university located in Georgetown Washington D Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Many colleges offer programs of study which tag basic bachelor masters and doctoral degrees with a particular speciality A Bachelor of Science ( BS, BSc or BSc in the UK; less commonly S Diplomatic service is the body of Diplomats and Foreign policy officers maintained by the Government of a Country to communicate with the governments He spent the summer of 1967, the summer before his senior year, working as an intern for Arkansas Senator J. William Fulbright. An intern or stagiaire is one who works in a temporary position with an emphasis on on-the-job training rather than merely employment making it similar to an Apprenticeship The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives James William Fulbright ( April 9, 1905 &ndash February 9, 1995) was a United States Senator representing Arkansas from [14] While in college he became a brother of Alpha Phi Omega and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Alpha Phi Omega (commonly known as APO but also ΑΦΩ A-Phi-O and A-Phi-Q is the largest collegiate fraternity in the United States, with chapters at over 350 campuses an The Phi Beta Kappa Society is an academic Honor society with the mission of "fostering and recognizing excellence" in the Undergraduate Liberal arts [19] Clinton was also a member of Youth Order of DeMolay, but he never actually became a Freemason. DeMolay International (Also known as the Order of DeMolay) founded in Kansas City Missouri in 1919 is an international youth fraternity for young men [20] He is a member of Kappa Kappa Psi's National Honorary Band Fraternity, Inc. Kappa Kappa Psi is a national honorary band fraternity dedicated to serving college and university bands The fraternity headquartered at
Upon graduation he won a Rhodes Scholarship to University College, Oxford where he studied Government. Rhodes Scholarship Rhodes scholar redirects here Rhodes Scholar redirects here Rhodes scholars University College (in full the The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford, colloquially referred to as Univ) is one of For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. [15] He developed an interest in rugby union, playing at Oxford and later for the Little Rock Rugby club in Arkansas. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short While at Oxford he also participated in Vietnam War protests, including organizing an October 1969 Moratorium event. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Opposition to US involvement in the Vietnam War is significant because domestic protest in the U The Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam was a large demonstration against the United States involvement in the Vietnam War that took place across the United [14] In later life he admitted to smoking cannabis at the university, but claimed that he "never inhaled". Cannabis ( Cán-na-bis) is a Genus of Flowering plants that includes three putative species Cannabis sativa subsp [15]
After Oxford, Clinton attended Yale Law School and obtained a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree in 1973. Yale Law School, or YLS, is the Law school of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut. Juris Doctor (abbreviated JD or JD, from the Latin, Teacher of Law) is a first professional graduate degree and Professional Juris Doctor (abbreviated JD or JD, from the Latin, Teacher of Law) is a first professional graduate degree and Professional [15] While at Yale, he began dating law student Hillary Rodham who was a year ahead of him. Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26 1947 is the junior United States Senator from They married in 1975 and their only child, Chelsea, was born in 1980. Chelsea Victoria Clinton (born February 27 1980 is the daughter and only child of former U
Early political career
Leader of Texas McGovern Presidential Campaign of 1972
During Yale, Clinton took a job with the McGovern campaign and was assigned to lead McGovern's effort in Texas. George Stanley McGovern He spent considerable time in Dallas, Texas, at the McGovern campaign's local headquarters on Lemmon Avenue where he had an office. There, Clinton worked with Ron Kirk, who was later elected mayor of Dallas twice, future governor of Texas Ann Richards, and then unknown television director (and future filmmaker) Steven Spielberg. Ronald "Ron" Kirk (born June 27, 1954) was the first African American Mayor of Dallas Texas; he also ran for the United This article is about the American politician/teacher for the Australian-American actress see Ann Richards (actress. Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE (Hon (born December 18 1946 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and producer.
Governor of Arkansas
After graduating from Yale Law School, Clinton returned to Arkansas and became a professor at the University of Arkansas. The University of Arkansas, often shortened to U of A or just UA, is a public Co-educational Land-grant university A year later, he ran for the House of Representatives in 1974. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The incumbent, John Paul Hammerschmidt, defeated Clinton by a 52% to 48% margin. John Paul Hammerschmidt (born May 4, 1922) is an American politician from the U Without opposition in the general election, Clinton was elected Arkansas Attorney General in 1976. Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition [15]
- Further information: Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1978
Clinton was elected Governor of Arkansas in 1978, making him the youngest governor in the country at age thirty-two. The Governor of the State of Arkansas is the chief executive of the state and Commander-in-chief of its military forces. He worked on educational reform and Arkansas's roads, but his term included an unpopular motor vehicle tax and citizens' anger over the escape of Cuban refugees (from the Mariel boatlift) detained in Fort Chaffee in 1980. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The Mariel Boatlift was a mass movement of Cubans who departed from Cuba 's Mariel Harbor for the United States between April 15 and Fort Chaffee is in the northwest Arkansas region adjacent to the city of Fort Smith, located one mile southeast of Fort Smith Regional Airport. Monroe Schwarzlose of Kingsland in Cleveland County, polled 31% of the vote against Clinton in the Democratic gubernatorial primary of 1980. Monroe Alfred Julius Schwarzlose ( September 6, 1902 - November 24, 1990) was a Turkey Farmer in Cleveland County Kingsland is a city in Cleveland County, Arkansas, United States. Cleveland County is a County located in the US state of Arkansas. Some suggested Schwarzlose's unexpected voter turnout foreshadowed Clinton's defeat in the general election that year by Republican challenger Frank D. White. Frank Durward White ( June 4, 1933 &ndash May 21, 2003) was only the second Republican governor of the U As Clinton once joked, he was the youngest ex-governor in the nation's history. [15]
- Further information: Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1980
Clinton joined friend's Bruce Lindsey's law firm of Wright, Lindsey and Jennings, though he spent most of the next two years working on his re-election campaign. The Arkansas gubernatorial election of 1980 was only that state’s third election since Reconstruction when a Republican candidate won governorship and the first in which an Bruce R Lindsey currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer of the William J Clinton was again elected governor and kept his job for ten years in 1982, helping Arkansas transform its economy and significantly improving the state's educational system. Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area He became a leading figure among the New Democrats. In the Politics of the United States, the New Democrats are an ideologically centrist faction within the Democratic Party that emerged after the victory [21] The New Democrats, organized within the Democratic Leadership Council (DLC) were a branch of the Democratic Party that called for welfare reform and smaller government, a policy supported by both Democrats and Republicans. He served as Chair of the National Governors Association from 1986 to 1987, bringing him to an audience beyond Arkansas. The National Governors Association (NGA is a primarily taxpayer-funded lobbying Organization of the Governors of the fifty U [15]
Clinton made economic growth, job creation and educational improvement high priorities. For senior citizens, he removed the sales tax from medicine and increased the home property tax exemption. Old age consists of ages nearing or surpassing the Average life span of Human beings and thus the end of the human life cycle. A sales tax is a Consumption tax charged at the Point of purchase for certain goods and services Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Clinton was responsible for some state educational improvement programs, notably more spending for schools, rising opportunities for gifted children, an increase in vocational education, and raising of teachers' salaries. [15][21]
Clinton's Governorship answered conservative criticism, but personal and business transactions made by the Clintons during this period became the basis of the Whitewater investigation, which dogged his later presidential administration. The Whitewater controversy (also called the Whitewater scandal, or often simply Whitewater) was an American political controversy that began with the [22] After very extensive investigation over several years, no indictments were made against the Clintons related to the years in Arkansas. [15][23]
Democratic Presidential Primaries of 1988
In 1987 there was media speculation Clinton would enter the race after then-New York Governor Mario Cuomo declined to run and Democratic front-runner Gary Hart withdrew owing to revelations of marital infidelity. The Governor of New York is the head of the Executive branch of New York 's government and the Commander-in-chief of the state's military Mario Matthew Cuomo (born Queens New York, June 15, 1932) served as the 52nd Governor of New York from 1983 to 1994 For the football player see Gary Hart (footballer. Gary Hart (born Gary Warren Hartpence, November 28, 1936 Clinton decided to remain as Arkansas governor. [15] For the nomination, Clinton endorsed Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States. Michael Stanley Dukakis (born November 3, 1933) is an American Democratic politician former Governor of Massachusetts, and was the Democratic However, he gave the opening night address at the 1988 Democratic National Convention, which was nationally-televised, but it was criticized for length. The 1988 National Convention of the US Democratic Party was held at The Omni in Atlanta Georgia from July 18 &ndash July [24] Presenting himself as a moderate and a member of the New Democrat wing of the Democratic Party, he headed the moderate Democratic Leadership Council in 1990 and 1991. In the Politics of the United States, the New Democrats are an ideologically centrist faction within the Democratic Party that emerged after the victory [21][25]
Democratic Presidential Primaries of 1992
- Further information: Democratic Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1992
Due to his youthful appearance he was often called the "Boy Governor. Candidates During the aftermath of the Gulf War, then President Bush 's approval ratings were extremely high " Clinton was the early favorite for the nomination. Clinton garnered the support of many superdelegates before the first nominating contests. " Superdelegate " is an informal term commonly used for some of the Delegates to the Democratic National Convention, the presidential nominating convention [15]
In the first contest, the Iowa caucus, he finished a very distant third to Iowa Senator Tom Harkin. The Iowa caucuses are an electoral event in which residents of the U Thomas Richard "Tom" Harkin (born November 19 1939 is a Democratic Senator from Iowa serving in his fourth senate term During the campaign for the New Hampshire Primary reports of an extramarital affair with Gennifer Flowers surfaced. The New Hampshire primary is the first in a series of nationwide Political party Primary elections held in the United States every four years as part of Gennifer Flowers (born January 24, 1950) is a woman who claims to have had a Relationship with former U As Clinton fell far behind former Massachusetts Senator Paul Tsongas in the New Hampshire polls,[15] following the Super Bowl, Clinton and his wife Hillary went on 60 Minutes to refute the charges. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Paul Efthemios Tsongas (ˈsɒŋgəs ( February 14, 1941 – January 18, 1997) was a United States Senator from Massachusetts professional American football, the Super Bowl is the Championship game of the National Football League (NFL Not to be confused with the BBC news magazine program Sixty Minutes (TV series.
"The Comeback Kid"
Their television appearance was a calculated risk but Clinton regained several delegates. He finished second to Tsongas in the New Hampshire primary, but after trailing badly in the polls and coming within single digits of winning, the media viewed it as a victory. The New Hampshire primary is the first in a series of nationwide Political party Primary elections held in the United States every four years as part of On election night, Clinton labeled himself "The Comeback Kid. " He ended leading New Hampshire by a large percentage. However, Tsongas picked up little or no momentum from his victory. [15]
Winning the big prizes of Florida and Texas and many of the Southern primaries gave Clinton a sizable delegate lead. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive However, former California Governor Jerry Brown was scoring victories and Clinton had yet to win a significant contest outside of his native South. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown Jr (born April 7, 1938) is the current Attorney General and former governor of the State of [15][25]
With no major Southern state remaining, Clinton targeted the New York primary, which contained a large number of delegates. He scored a resounding victory in New York City and won, shedding his image as a regional candidate. The City of New York [25] Having been transformed into the consensus candidate, he secured the Democratic Party nomination, finishing with a victory in Jerry Brown's home state of California. Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown Jr (born April 7, 1938) is the current Attorney General and former governor of the State of California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. [15]
Presidential Election
- See also: Bill Clinton presidential campaign, 1992
Clinton won the 1992 presidential election (43. The United States presidential elections of 1992 featured a battle between incumbent President, Republican George H Bill Clinton 's 1992 campaign for President of the United States was a critical turning point for the Democratic Party, which had controlled the White The United States presidential elections of 1992 featured a battle between incumbent President, Republican George H 0% of the vote) against Republican incumbent George H. W. Bush (37. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 4% of the vote) and billionaire populist H. Ross Perot, who ran as an independent (18. Populism is a discourse which supports "the people" versus "the Elites " Populism may involve either a political philosophy urging social and political Henry Ross Perot (born June 27 1930 is an American businessman from Texas, who is best known for seeking the office of President of the United States in 9% of the vote) on a platform focusing on domestic issues; a significant part of Clinton's success was Bush's steep decline in public approval. Because Bush's approval ratings were in the 80% range during the Persian Gulf conflict, he was described as "unbeatable. In the United States, presidential job approval ratings were introduced by George Gallup in the late 1930s (probably 1937 to gauge public support for the president " However, when Bush compromised with Democrats in an attempt to lower Federal deficits, he reneged on his promise not to raise taxes, hurting his approval rating. " Read my lips no new taxes " is a now-famous phrase spoken by former American president and candidate George H Clinton repeatedly condemned Bush for making a promise he failed to keep. [25] By election time, the economy was souring and Bush saw his approval rating plummet to slightly over 40%. [26][27] Finally, conservatives were previously united by anti-communism, but with the end of the Cold War, the party lacked a uniting issue. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the When Pat Buchanan and Pat Robertson addressed Christian themes at the Republican National Convention, with Bush criticizing Democrats for omitting God from their platform, many moderates were alienated. Patrick Joseph "Pat" Buchanan (born November 2 1938 is an American Political commentator, Author, syndicated Columnist Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (born March 22 1930 is a controversial Televangelist from the United States. The 1992 National Convention of the Republican Party (GOP of the United States was held in the Astrodome in Houston Texas, from August [28] Clinton then pointed to his moderate, "New Democrat" record as governor of Arkansas, though some on the more liberal side of the party remained suspicious. [29] Many Democrats who supported Ronald Reagan and Bush in previous elections switched their allegiance to Clinton. [30]
His election ended twelve years of Republican rule of the White House, and twenty of the previous twenty four years. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence The election gave Democrats full control of the United States Congress. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses [1] Clinton was the first president to enjoy this windfall since Jimmy Carter in the late 1970s. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002
However, during the campaign questions of conflict of interest regarding state business and the politically powerful Rose Law Firm, at which Hillary Rodham Clinton was a partner, arose. A conflict of interest is a situation in which someone in a position of trust such as a Lawyer, Insurance adjuster, a Politician, executive or director Rose Law Firm is headquartered in Little Rock Arkansas. It is the oldest Law firm west of the Mississippi River and the third oldest in the United [31] Further concern arose when Bill Clinton announced that voters would be getting two presidents "for the price of one". [32]
Presidency, 1993–2001
First term, 1993–1997
Clinton was inaugurated as the 42nd President of the United States on January 20, 1993. The United States Presidency of Bill Clinton, also known as the Clinton Administration, was the executive branch of the Federal The Foreign policy of the Clinton Administration was the Foreign policy of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President of the United States Bill The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Albert Arnold Gore Jr (born March 31 1948 is an American environmental Activist, author Businessperson, former Politician, and former The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Warren (Chris Minor Christopher (born October 27, 1925) is an American Diplomat, Lawyer, and Public servant. Madeleine Korbel Albright (born Marie Jana Korbelová on May 15, 1937) was the first woman to become United States Secretary of State. The United States Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, concerned with finance and monetary matters, and until Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr ( February 11 1921 – May 23 2006) was a four-term United States senator (1971 until 1993 from Texas Robert Edward Rubin (born August 29, 1938) is Director and Senior Counselor of Citigroup. Lawrence Henry "Larry" Summers (born November 30, 1954) is an American Economist and academic The United States Secretary of Defense ( SECDEF) is the head of the U Leslie "Les" Aspin Jr ( July 21, 1938 — May 21, 1995) was a United States Representative from 1971 to 1993 and William James Perry (born October 11, 1927) is an American businessman and engineer who was the United States Secretary of Defense from William Sebastian Cohen (born 28 August 1940) is an author and American politician from the U The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement Janet Reno (born July 21, 1938) was the Attorney General of the United States ( 1993 &ndash 2001) The United States Secretary of the Interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior. Bruce Edward Babbitt (born June 27, 1938) a Democrat, served as United States Secretary of the Interior and as Governor of Arizona The United States Secretary of Agriculture is the head of the United States Department of Agriculture. Alphonso Michael Espy, usually called Mike Espy, (born November 30 1953 was a United States political figure Daniel Robert "Dan" Glickman (born November 24, 1944) served as the United States Secretary of Agriculture from 1995 until 2001 prior to The United States Secretary of Commerce is the head of the United States Department of Commerce concerned with business and industry the Department states its mission to Ronald Harmon Brown ( August 1, 1941 &ndash April 3, 1996) was the United States Secretary of Commerce, serving during the first Michael "Mickey" Kantor (born August 7, 1939 in Nashville Tennessee) is an American politician and Lawyer. William Michael Daley (born August 8, 1948 in Chicago, Illinois) served as U born November 12, 1931) is a United States politician of the Democratic Party. "Secretary of Labor" redirects here See also Secretary of Labor (Mexico. Robert Bernard Reich (born June 24, 1945) is an American politician academic writer and political commentator Alexis Margaret Herman (born July 16, 1947 in Mobile Alabama) served as the 23rd U The United States Secretary of Health and Human Services is the head of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, concerned with health matters Donna Edna Shalala (surname pronounced ʃəˈleɪlə born February 14, 1941) has served as president of the University of Miami, a private university The United States Secretary of Education is the head of the Department of Education. Richard Wilson Riley (born January 2, 1933) American Politician, was United States Secretary of Education under President The United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is the head of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, concerned with urban housing Henry Gabriel Cisneros (born June 11, 1947) is an American politician businessman and community leader Andrew Mark Cuomo (born December 6 1957 in Queens New York) is the New York State Attorney General. The United States Secretary of Transportation is the head of the United States Department of Transportation. Federico Fabian Peña (born March 15, 1947) was United States Secretary of Transportation from 1993 to 1997 and United States For the British Musician see Rodney Slater (musician. Rodney Earl Slater (born in Marianna, Arkansas on February 23 The United States Secretary of Energy is the head of the United States Department of Energy, a member of the President's Cabinet, and fifteenth in the Hazel Reid O'Leary (born May 17, 1937) was the seventh United States Secretary of Energy from 1993 to 1997 Federico Fabian Peña (born March 15, 1947) was United States Secretary of Transportation from 1993 to 1997 and United States William Blaine "Bill" Richardson III (born November 15, 1947) is the current Governor of New Mexico and was a candidate for the 2008 The United States Secretary of Veterans' Affairs is the head of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, the department concerned with veterans' benefits and Jesse Brown (March 27 1944 &mdash August 15 2002 was the United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs (1993-1997 appointed in by President Bill Clinton. Togo Dennis West Jr (born June 21, 1942) an attorney and public official was the third person to occupy the post of United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs The White House Chief of Staff is the highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President Thomas F "Mack" McLarty III (born June 14, 1946) is a prominent Arkansas business and political leader and former White House Chief of Staff Leon Edward Panetta (born June 28, 1938) is Democratic politician and scholar from California's Central Coast. Erskine Boyce Bowles (born August 8, 1945) is an American businessman and political figure from North Carolina. John David Podesta (born January 15, 1949) was the fourth and final White House Chief of Staff under President Bill Clinton from 1998 The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency is the head of the United States federal government's Environmental Protection Agency, and is thus responsible Carol M Browner (born December 16 1955) served as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency during the Clinton Administration in The Office of Management and Budget (OMB is a Cabinet -level office and is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP Leon Edward Panetta (born June 28, 1938) is Democratic politician and scholar from California's Central Coast. Alice Mitchell Rivlin (born March 4, 1931, in Philadelphia) is an Economist, a former U Franklin Delano Raines (born January 14, 1949 in Seattle Washington) is the former chairman and chief executive officer of the Federal National Mortgage Jacob "Jack" J Lew (born August 29, 1955 in New York New York) was Director of the United States Office of Management and Budget The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP, a Cabinet level component of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, was established in 1988 Lee Patrick Brown (born October 4, 1937) had a groundbreaking Barry Richard McCaffrey (b November 17 1942, Ft Huachuca AZ) is a retired United States Army General. The Office of the United States Trade Representative, or USTR, is the United States government agency responsible for developing and recommending United States Michael "Mickey" Kantor (born August 7, 1939 in Nashville Tennessee) is an American politician and Lawyer. Charlene Barshefsky ( Russian: Баршевский or Barshevskiy served as United States Trade Representative, the country's top trade negotiator from 1997 to 2001 The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) In his inaugural address he declared:
| “ | Our democracy must be not only the envy of the world but the engine of our own renewal. There is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America. [33] | ” |
Legislative agenda
Shortly after taking office, Clinton signed the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, which required large employers to allow employees to take unpaid leave for pregnancy or a serious medical condition. Parental leaveThe Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 ( enacted February 5, 1993) is a United States Labor law allowing an employee to take While this action was popular, Clinton's attempt to fulfill another campaign promise of allowing openly homosexual men and women to serve in the armed forces garnered criticism from the left (for being too tentative in promoting gay rights) and from the right (for being too insensitive to military life). Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. The LGBT rights movement in the United States seeks to achieve equality for all Americans regardless of their Sexual orientation or Gender identity After much debate, Congress implemented the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy, stating as long as homosexuals keep their sexuality secret, they may serve in the military. "Don't ask don't tell" is the common term for the policy about homosexuality in the U Some gay rights advocates criticized Clinton for not going far enough and accused him of making his campaign promise to get votes and contributions. [34][35] These advocates feel Clinton should have integrated the military by executive order, noting President Harry Truman used executive order to racially desegregate the armed forces. Clinton's defenders argue an executive order might have prompted the Democratic Senate to write the exclusion of gays into law, potentially making it harder to integrate the military in the future. [21] Later in his presidency, in 1999, Clinton said he did not think any serious person could say the way the policy was being implemented was not "out of whack. "[36]
The Clinton administration launched the first official White House website on October 21, 1994. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) [37][38] It was followed by three more versions, resulting in the final edition launched in 2000. [39][40] The White House website was part of a wider movement of the Clinton administration toward web-based communication. According to Robert Longley, "Clinton and Gore were responsible for pressing almost all federal agencies, the U. S. court system and the U. S. military onto the Internet, thus opening up America's government to more of America's citizens than ever before. On 17 July 1996, President Clinton issued Executive Order 13011 - Federal Information Technology, ordering the heads of all federal agencies to fully utilize information technology to make the information of the agency easily accessible to the public. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) "[41]
Also in 1993, Clinton controversially supported ratification of the North American Free Trade Agreement by the U. S. Senate. Clinton, along with most of his Democratic Leadership Committee allies, strongly supported free trade measures; there remained, however, strong intra-party disagreement. Opposition chiefly came from anti-trade Republicans, protectionist Democrats and supporters of Ross Perot. Henry Ross Perot (born June 27 1930 is an American businessman from Texas, who is best known for seeking the office of President of the United States in The bill passed the house with 234 votes against 200 opposed (132 Republicans and 102 Democrats voting in favor, 156 Democrats, 43 Republicans, and 1 independent against). The treaty was then ratified by the Senate and signed into law by the President on 1 January 1994. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) [42]
Clinton signed the Brady Bill, which imposed a five-day waiting period on handgun purchases. The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1983( codified at, also known as the Brady Bill, passed as by the United States Congress, signed into law by President He also expanded the Earned Income Tax Credit, a subsidy for low income workers. The United States federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC or EIC is a Refundable tax credit. [23]
One of the most prominent items on Clinton's legislative agenda was the result of a taskforce headed by Hillary Clinton, which was a health care reform plan aimed at achieving universal coverage via a national healthcare plan. Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26 1947 is the junior United States Senator from The Clinton health care plan, sometimes called " HillaryCare " by opponents was a 1993 healthcare reform package proposed by the administration of Bill Though initially well-received in political circles, it was ultimately doomed by well-organized opposition from conservatives, the American Medical Association, and the health insurance industry. The American Medical Association (AMA founded in 1847 and incorporated 1897 is the largest association of Physicians and Medical students in the United States However, John F. Harris, a biographer of Clinton's, states the program failed because of a lack of co-ordination within the White House. John F Harris is Editor in Chief for the The Politico, a Washington DC based newspaper about politics which launched on January 23 2007 See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence [23] Despite his party holding a majority in Congress, the effort to create a national healthcare system ultimately died under heavy public pressure. It was the first major legislative defeat of Clinton's administration. [21][23]
Two months later, after two years of Democratic Party control, the Democrats lost control of Congress in the mid-term elections in 1994, for the first time in forty years. The US House election 1994 was an election for the United States House of Representatives on November 8 1994, in the middle of President
Clinton signed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 in August 1993, which passed Congress without a Republican vote. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (or OBRA-93) was passed by the 103rd United States Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton It cut taxes for fifteen million low-income families, made tax cuts available to 90% of small businesses,[43] and raised taxes on the wealthiest 1. 2% of taxpayers. [44] Additionally, through the implementation of spending restraints, it mandated the budget be balanced over a number of years.
Travelgate controversy
When several longtime employees of the White House Travel Office were fired, the White House travel office controversy began on May 19, 1993. The White House travel office controversy, often referred to as Travelgate, was the first major scandal of the Clinton administration. The White House FBI files controversy of the Clinton Administration, often referred to in the press as Filegate, arose in June 1996 around improper access in 1993 Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) A whistleblower's letter, written during the previous administration, triggered an FBI investigation, which revealed evidence of financial malfeasance. This is an article about a term For the 2008 RTÉ drama see Whistleblower (TV series. Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr investigated the firings and found no evidence of wrongdoing on the Clintons' part. [45]
The White House FBI files controversy of June 1996 arose around improper access to FBI security-clearance documents. Craig Livingstone, head of the White House Office of Personnel Security, improperly requested, and received from the FBI, background report files without asking permission of the subject individuals; many of these were employees of former Republican administrations. In March 2000, Independent Counsel Robert Ray determined that there was no credible evidence of any criminal activity. Ray's report further stated "there was no substantial and credible evidence that any senior White House official was involved" in seeking the files. [46]
Death penalty
- Further information: Capital punishment in Arkansas and Capital punishment by the United States federal government
The application of the federal death penalty was expanded to include crimes not resulting in death, such as running a large-scale drug enterprise by Clinton’s 1994 Omnibus Crime Bill. Capital punishment is legal in the US state of Arkansas. Since 1820 a total of 504 individuals have been executed This is a list of individuals executed by the United States. The United States federal government (in comparison to the separate states applies the death penalty During Clinton's re-election campaign he said, "My 1994 crime bill expanded the death penalty for drug kingpins, murderers of federal law enforcement officers, and nearly 60 additional categories of violent felons. "[47]
While campaigning for U. S. President, then-Governor Clinton returned to Arkansas to see that Ricky Ray Rector would be executed. Ricky Ray Rector ( January 12, 1950 &ndash January 24, 1992) was executed for the 1981 murder of police officer Robert Martin in Conway After killing a police officer and a civilian, Rector shot himself in the head, leading to what his lawyers said was a state where he could still talk but didn't understand the concept of death. According to Arkansas state and Federal law, a seriously mentally impaired inmate cannot be executed. The courts disagreed with the claim of grave mental impairment and allowed the execution. Clinton's return to Arkansas for the execution was framed in a New York Times article as a possible political move to counter "soft on crime" accusations. [48][49]
According to some sources Clinton during his earlier years was a death penalty opponent, who switched positions. [49] During Clinton's Governorship Arkansas preformed first executions since 1964 (death penalty was re-enacted on March 23, 1973[50] Totally he oversaw four executions (one by electric chair and three by lethal injection). Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Execution by electrocution (usually referred to after its method of implementation as the Electric Chair) is an execution method originating in the United States in which the However, Clinton was the first president to pardon a death row inmate since the federal death penalty was reintroduced in 1988. [51] Federal executions were resumed under his successor George W. Bush. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States.
Second term, 1997–2001
In the 1996 presidential election, Clinton was re-elected, receiving 49. The United States presidential election of 1996 was a contest between the Democratic national ticket of President Bill Clinton of Arkansas and Vice 2% of the popular vote over Republican Bob Dole (40. Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (born July 22 1923 is an attorney and retired United States Senator from Kansas from 1969–1996 serving part of that time 7% of the popular vote) and Reform candidate Ross Perot (8. The Reform Party of the United States of America (abbreviated Reform Party USA or RPUSA, generally known simply as the Reform Party) is a Political Henry Ross Perot (born June 27 1930 is an American businessman from Texas, who is best known for seeking the office of President of the United States in 4% of the popular vote), becoming the first Democrat to win presidential reelection since Franklin Roosevelt. The Republicans lost a few seats in the House and gained a few in the Senate, but overall retained control of the Congress. Clinton received 379, or over 70% of the Electoral College votes, with Dole receiving 159 electoral votes. The Electoral College consists of 538 popularly elected representatives who formally select the President and Vice President of the United States.
Lewinsky scandal
The media and prominent Republicans[52] raised controversy over Clinton's relationship with a twenty two year old White House intern named Monica Lewinsky, resulting in the Lewinsky scandal on January 21, 1998. The Lewinsky scandal was a political Sex scandal emerging from a sexual relationship between United States President Bill Clinton and a then Monica Samille Lewinsky (born July 23, 1973) is an American woman with whom then- United States President Bill Clinton admitted to The Lewinsky scandal was a political Sex scandal emerging from a sexual relationship between United States President Bill Clinton and a then Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) [23] In a lame duck session after the 1998 elections, for the belief Clinton lied about his relationship with Lewinsky in a sworn deposition in the Paula Jones law suit, the Republican-controlled House voted to impeach Clinton in 1998, making him the second U. A lame duck is an elected official who loses political power or is no longer responsive to the Electorate as a result of losing an election or retiring Paula Corbin Jones (born Paula Rosalee Corbin on September 17, 1966, in Lonoke Arkansas) is a former Arkansas state employee who Former President of the United States Bill Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives on December 19, 1998 S. president to be impeached after Andrew Johnson. Andrew Johnson (December 29 1808 – July 31 1875 was the seventeenth President of the United States (1865-69 succeeding to the Presidency upon the assassination
Impeachment and trial in the Senate
The House held no serious impeachment hearings before the mid-term elections. Former President of the United States Bill Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives on December 19, 1998 Though the mid-term elections held in November 1998 were at the 6-year point in an 8-year presidency (a time in the electoral cycle where the party holding the White House usually loses Congressional seats) the Democratic Party gained several seats. [23] To hold impeachment proceedings, the Republican leadership called a lame duck session in December 1998. A lame duck is an elected official who loses political power or is no longer responsive to the Electorate as a result of losing an election or retiring
While the House Judiciary Committee hearings were perfunctory and ended in a straight party line vote, there was lively debate on the House floor. United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary US House Committee on the Judiciary, or (more commonly the House Judiciary Committee, is a Standing committee of The two charges passed in the House (largely on the basis of Republican support but with a handful of Democratic votes as well) were for perjury and obstruction of justice. Perjury, also known as forswearing, is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under Oath or Affirmation in a The crime of obstruction of justice includes crimes committed by Judges Prosecutors attorneys general, and elected officials in general The perjury charge arose from Clinton's testimony about his relationship to Monica Lewinsky during a sexual harassment lawsuit (later dismissed, appealed and settled for $850,000)[53] brought by former Arkansas-state employee Paula Jones. Monica Samille Lewinsky (born July 23, 1973) is an American woman with whom then- United States President Bill Clinton admitted to Paula Corbin Jones (born Paula Rosalee Corbin on September 17, 1966, in Lonoke Arkansas) is a former Arkansas state employee who The obstruction charge was based on his actions during the subsequent investigation of that testimony. The Senate later voted to acquit Clinton on both charges. [54] The Senate refused to convene to hold an impeachment trial before the end of the old term, so the trial was held over until the next Congress. Clinton was represented by Washington law firm Williams & Connolly. Williams & Connolly LLP is a prominent litigation firm based in Washington D
The Senate concluded a twenty one day trial on February 12, 1999, with the vote on both counts falling short of the Constitutional two-thirds majority requirement to convict and remove an office holder. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The final vote was generally along party lines, with no Democrats voting guilty. Some Republicans voted not guilty for both charges. On the perjury charge, fifty five senators voted to acquit, including ten Republicans, and forty five voted to convict; on the obstruction charge the Senate voted 50-50. [55]
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Clinton enacted the Digital Millennium Copyright Act on October 21, 1998. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA is a United States Copyright Law which implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) It served as the first significant amendment to the Copyright Act since 1976. United States copyright law governs the legally enforceable rights of creative and artistic works in the United States. The DMCA extended the protection of intellectual property to outlaw reverse engineering of digital protection. Intellectual property ( IP) is a legal field that refers to creations of the mind such as musical literary and artistic works inventions and symbols names Reverse engineering (RE is the process of discovering the technological principles of a device object or system through analysis of its structure function and operation It provided a framework for sound recording copyright owners and recording artists to seek public performance royalties under statute, which proved to be a landmark achievement for the recording industry. In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music [56]
Military and foreign events
Two notable military events occurred during Clinton's second term. In Clinton's State of the Union Address, Clinton warned Congress of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein's pursuit of nuclear weapons:
| “ | Together we must also confront the new hazards of chemical and biological weapons, and the outlaw states, terrorists and organized criminals seeking to acquire them. Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 Saddam Hussein has spent the better part of this decade, and much of his nation's wealth, not on providing for the Iraqi people, but on developing nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and the missiles to deliver them. The United Nations weapons inspectors have done a truly remarkable job, finding and destroying more of Iraq's arsenal than was destroyed during the entire gulf war. Now, Saddam Hussein wants to stop them from completing their mission. I know I speak for everyone in this chamber, Republicans and Democrats, when I say to Saddam Hussein, "You cannot defy the will of the world," and when I say to him, "You have used weapons of mass destruction before; we are determined to deny you the capacity to use them again. [57] | ” |
To weaken Saddam Hussein's grip of power, Clinton signed H. R. 4655 into law on October 31, 1998, which instituted a policy of "regime change" against Iraq, though it explicitly stated it did not speak to the use of American military forces. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) [58][59] The administration then launched a four-day bombing campaign named Operation Desert Fox, lasting from December 16 to December 19, 1998. The December 1998 bombing of Iraq (code-named Operation Desert Fox) was a major four-day bombing campaign on Iraqi targets from December 16 - December 19 Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)
To stop the ethnic cleansing and genocide[60][61] of Albanians by nationalist Serbians in the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Clinton authorized the use of American troops in a NATO bombing campaign against Yugoslavia in 1999, named Operation Allied Force. Ethnic cleansing is a Euphemism referring to the persecution through imprisonment expulsion or killing of members of an ethnic minority by a majority to achieve ethnic homogeneity Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction in whole or in part of an ethnic racial religious or national group } Albanians (Shqiptarët are an Ethnic group and a Nation, in the sense of sharing a common Albanian culture speaking the Albanian language The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Савезна Република Југославија / Savezna Republika Jugoslavija) or FRY was a federal state The North Atlantic Treaty The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia (code-named Operation Allied Force) was NATO 's military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that General Wesley Clark was Supreme Allied Commander of NATO and oversaw the mission. Wesley Kanne Clark, KBE (born December 23 1944 is a retired General of the United States Army. Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe ( SHAPE) is the central command of NATO Military forces With United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, the bombing campaign ended on June 10, 1999. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 authorised an international civil and military presence in Kosovo, then part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The resolution placed Kosovo under UN administration and authorized a peacekeeping force. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The Kosovo Force ( KFOR) is a NATO -led international force responsible for establishing a safe and secure environment in Kosovo, the self-proclaimed independent [62] NATO claimed to have suffered zero combat deaths,[63] and two deaths from an Apache helicopter crash. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [64] Opinions in the popular press criticized pre-war genocide claims by the Clinton administration as greatly exaggerated. [65][66] A U. N. Court ruled genocide did not take place, but recognized, "a systematic campaign of terror, including murders, rapes, arsons and severe maltreatments". [67] The term "ethnic cleansing" was used as an alternative to "genocide" to denote not just ethnically motivated murder but also displacement, though critics charge there is no difference. [68] Slobodan Milošević, the President of Yugoslavia at the time, was eventually charged with the "murders of about 600 individually identified ethnic Albanians" and "crimes against humanity. "[69]
After initial successes such as the Oslo accords of the early-1990s, Clinton attempted to address the Arab-Israeli conflict. Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles Clinton brought Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat together at Camp David. Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician former Prime Minister, and Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 The Naval Support Facility Thurmont, popularly known as Camp David, is the rustic 125-acre (0 [23] However, the negotiations were ultimately unsuccessful. The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July 2000 took place between United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister [23] The situation broke down completely with the start of the Second Intifada.
Clinton became the first president to visit Vietnam since the end of the Vietnam War in November 2000. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia [70] Clinton remained popular with the public throughout his two terms as President, ending his presidential career with a 65% approval rating, the highest end-of-term approval rating of any President since Dwight D. Eisenhower. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general [71] Clinton also oversaw a boom of the U. S. economy. Under Clinton, the United States had a projected federal budget surplus for the first time since 1969. [72]
Whitewater controversy
Law license suspension
In a separate case, Clinton was ordered to pay $25,000 in fines to Arkansas state's bar officials and his Arkansas law license was suspended for five years. The Whitewater controversy (also called the Whitewater scandal, or often simply Whitewater) was an American political controversy that began with the [73] The agreement came on the condition that Whitewater prosecutors would not pursue federal perjury charges against him. Perjury, also known as forswearing, is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under Oath or Affirmation in a [74] Clinton was suspended by the Supreme Court in October 2001, and, facing disbarment from that court, Clinton resigned from the Supreme Court bar in November. [75]
Pardons and campaign finance
Clinton issued 141 pardons and 36 commutations on his last day in office on January 20, 2001. President Bill Clinton was widely criticized for some Pardons and other acts of executive clemency collectively this controversy has sometimes been called Pardongate Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. [23][76] Most of the controversy surrounded Marc Rich and allegations that Hillary Clinton's brother, Hugh Rodham, accepted payments in return for influencing the president's decision-making regarding the pardons. Marc Rich (born Marc David Reich on December 18, 1934) is an international commodities trader Hugh Edwin Rodham (born 1950 is an American Lawyer, Businessman and Democratic Party Politician who is the brother of New [77] Some of Clinton's pardons remain a point of controversy. [78]
The 1996 United States campaign finance controversy was an alleged effort by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to influence the domestic policies of the United States, prior to and during the Clinton administration and also involved the fundraising practices of the administration itself. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES [79]
Legislation and programs
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Major legislation signed
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Major legislation vetoed
Proposals not passed by Congress Initiatives
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Supreme Court appointments
Clinton appointed the following justices to the Supreme Court:
- Ruth Bader Ginsburg - 1993
- Stephen Breyer - 1994[81]
Public approval
Clinton's job approval rating ranged from 36% in mid-1993 to 64% in late-1993 and early-1994. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg (born March 15 1933 Brooklyn New York) is an Associate Justice on the U Stephen Gerald Breyer (born August 15 1938 is an American Attorney and Jurist. In the United States, presidential job approval ratings were introduced by George Gallup in the late 1930s (probably 1937 to gauge public support for the president In the United States, presidential job approval ratings were introduced by George Gallup in the late 1930s (probably 1937 to gauge public support for the president [82] In his second term, his rating was consistently ranged from the high-50s to the high-60s. [83] After his impeachment proceedings in 1998 and 1999, Clinton's rating reached its highest point at 73% approval. [84] He finished with an approval rating of 68%, which was higher than that of any other departing president since polling began more than seventy years earlier.
As he was leaving office, a CNN/USA TODAY/Gallup poll revealed only 45% said they'd miss him. While 55% thought he "would have something worthwhile to contribute and should remain active in public life", 68% thought he'd be remembered for his "involvement in personal scandal", and 58% answered "No" to the question "Do you generally think Bill Clinton is honest and trustworthy?". 47% of the respondents identified themselves as being Clinton supporters. 47% said he would be remembered as either "outstanding" or "above average" as a president while 22% said he would be remembered as "below average" or "poor". [85]
The Gallup Organization published a poll in February 2007 asking respondents to name the greatest president in U. The Gallup Organization provides a variety of Management consulting, human resources and statistical research services S. history; Clinton came in fourth place, capturing 13% of the vote. In a 2006 Quinnipiac University poll asking respondents to name the best president since World War II, Clinton ranked 3% behind Ronald Reagan to place second with 25% of the vote. Quinnipiac University is a private, Nonsectarian, Coeducational University located in Hamden, Connecticut, at the World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including However, in the same poll, when respondents were asked to name the worst president since World War II, Clinton placed 1% behind Nixon and 18% behind George W. Bush to come in third with 16% of the vote. [86]
In May 2006, a CNN poll comparing Clinton's job performance with that of his successor, George W. Bush, found that a strong majority of respondents said Clinton outperformed Bush in six different areas questioned. [87] ABC News characterized public consensus on Clinton as, "You can't trust him, he's got weak morals and ethics — and he's done a heck of a good job. This article is about the American news organization See also ABC News (disambiguation ABC News is a division of American "[88]
Public image
As the first Baby Boomer president, Clinton was the first president in a half-century not to have been shaped by World War II. Baby boomer is a term used to describe a person who was born during the Post-World War II baby boom between 1946 and 1964 World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Authors Martin Walker and Bob Woodward state Clinton's innovative use of soundbite-ready dialogue, personal charisma, and public perception-oriented campaigning was major for his high public approval ratings. A sound bite is an audiolinguistic and social communications phenomenon whose nature was recognized in the late 20th century helped by people such as Marshall McLuhan. In the United States, presidential job approval ratings were introduced by George Gallup in the late 1930s (probably 1937 to gauge public support for the president [89][90] When Clinton played the saxophone on The Arsenio Hall Show, Clinton was sometimes described by religious conservatives as "the MTV president. The Arsenio Hall Show was an Emmy Award winning Talk show which aired on late night in syndication from 1989 to 1994 MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. "[91]
Clinton was very popular among African Americans. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa In 1998, Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison called Clinton "the first Black president," saying, "Clinton displays almost every trope of blackness: single-parent household, born poor, working-class, saxophone-playing, McDonald's-and-junk-food-loving boy from Arkansas," and comparing Clinton's sex life, scrutinized despite his career accomplishments, to the stereotyping and double standards that blacks typically endure,[92] yet noted that she has "no idea what his real instincts are, in terms of race. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Toni Morrison (born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18 1931 is a Nobel Prize -winning American author editor and professor Blackness is the degree to which an individual regardless of their ethnic background is sympathetic to or a part of the mainstream African-American culture A double standard refers to one class of entities being treated differently from another class of entities and implies an unfair or unjustified differentiation "[93] Clinton made improving race relations a major theme of his presidency. [94]
Standing over 6'2" tall (1. 88 m), Clinton was one of the tallest U. S. Presidents in the nation's history. [95][96]
Sexual misconduct allegations
For alleged misconduct during his governorship Paula Jones brought a sexual harassment lawsuit against Clinton while he was president. Paula Corbin Jones (born Paula Rosalee Corbin on September 17, 1966, in Lonoke Arkansas) is a former Arkansas state employee who During the depositions for this lawsuit, Clinton denied having sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky — a denial that became the basis for the impeachment charge of perjury. Monica Samille Lewinsky (born July 23, 1973) is an American woman with whom then- United States President Bill Clinton admitted to In the aftermath of the impeachment, and without agreeing to Jones' allegation or offering an apology, Clinton settled a lawsuit by Jones.
In 1998, Kathleen Willey alleged Clinton sexually assaulted her four years previously. Kathleen Willey was a White House volunteer aide who on March 15, 1998, alleged on the TV news program 60 Minutes that In 1998, Juanita Broaddrick alleged she was raped by Clinton some twenty years previously. Juanita Broaddrick is an American former Nursing home administrator from Arkansas. The claims by Willey and Broaddrick were never brought before a court. The independent counsel determined Willey gave "false information" to the FBI and inconsistent sworn testimony related to the Jones allegation. Broaddrick's only sworn testimony about Clinton was a previous denial of any harassment by Clinton. [97] Gennifer Flowers, Elizabeth Ward Gracen, Sally Perdue and Dolly Kyle Browning – claimed to have had adulterous sexual relations with Clinton during or before his service as governor. Gennifer Flowers (born January 24, 1950) is a woman who claims to have had a Relationship with former U Sally Perdue (also known as Sally Miller and Myra Belle Miller) is a former 1958 Miss Arkansas and Little Rock radio talk show host Adultery is the voluntary Sexual intercourse between a married person and another person who is not his or her Spouse, though in many places it is
Post-presidential career
Public speaking and campaigning
Clinton comments on contemporary politics in speaking engagements around the world. [98][99] One notable theme is his advocacy of multilateral solutions to world problems. Clinton's opened his personal office in the Harlem section of New York City. Harlem is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, long known as a major African American cultural and business center The City of New York [100]
After the Clintons moved to Chappaqua, New York, in the northern suburbs of New York City, at the end of his Presidency, he assisted his wife, Hillary Clinton, in her campaign for office as Senator from New York. Chappaqua is a hamlet and census-designated place in northern Westchester County, New York. Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26 1947 is the junior United States Senator from The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous [101] Clinton campaigned for a number of Democratic candidates for the Senate in the 2002 elections. [102]
Clinton spoke for the fifth consecutive time at the Democratic National Convention on July 26, 2004, praising candidate John Kerry. The 2004 Democratic National Convention was a United States presidential nominating convention that took place from July 26 to July 29, 2004 Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator He said of President George W. Bush's depiction of Kerry, "strength and wisdom are not opposing values. " Despite Clinton's speech, the post-convention bounce to Kerry's poll numbers was less than was hoped for. [103]
Mostly to corporations and philanthropic groups in North America and Europe, Clinton has given dozens of paid speeches each year, earning $100,000 to $300,000 per speech. [104] According to his wife’s Senate ethics reports, he earned more than $30 million in speaking from 2001 to 2005. [105] In 2007, it is estimated he amassed around $40 million from speaking. [106]
Clinton made his first visit to new United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in April 2007. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Ban Ki-moon (born 13 June 1944 Korean: 반기문 Hanja: 潘基文 is the current Secretary-General of the United Nations. The 45-minute meeting, called at Clinton's request, touched on a host of topics, including disease, war, famine and poverty in Africa, especially in the Darfur region. Darfur (دار فور daar foor, lit "realm of the Fur " is a region in Sudan. The Middle East, the conflict in Iraq, and Iran's nuclear standoff with the U. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. N. were on the agenda, as well as HIV/AIDS. [107]
He was the opening speaker at the Ontario Economic Summit held on November 13, 2007 in which he addressed people on various subjects including Canada's role in Afghanistan, environmentalism and access to healthcare. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Canada did not have a significant role in the first few months of the invasion of Afghanistan that began on October 7, 2001, and the first contingents Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and Social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment. Health care is the prevention treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental health through the services offered by the medical, Nursing [108]
Clinton served as one of the organizers for the New Baptist Covenant alongside former President Jimmy Carter and other Baptist leaders. Former presidents Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton proposed the establishment of a broadly inclusive alternative Baptist movement to counter the public image of Baptists James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 This effort sought to bring various Baptists in America together, especially across racial lines, to discuss issues that unite them. Clinton spoke at the January 2008 celebration in Atlanta, GA.
William J. Clinton Presidential Center
Clinton dedicated his presidential library, the William J. Clinton Presidential Center in Little Rock, Arkansas on November 18, 2004. The William J Clinton Presidential Center and Park includes the Clinton Presidential library and the offices of the Clinton Foundation and the University of Arkansas In the United States, the Presidential library system is a nationwide network of libraries administered by the Office of Presidential Libraries which is part of the National The William J Clinton Presidential Center and Park includes the Clinton Presidential library and the offices of the Clinton Foundation and the University of Arkansas Little Rock is the Capital and the most populous city of the U Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " [109] Under rainy skies, Clinton received praise from former presidents Jimmy Carter and George H. W. Bush, as well as from president George W. Bush. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. He was treated to a musical rendition from Bono and The Edge from U2, who expressed their gratitude at Clinton's efforts to resolve the Northern Ireland conflict during his presidency. David Howell Evans (born 8 August 1961 in Barking, East London) more widely known by his Moniker The Edge, is a Musician known best [110] The Clinton facility received a $10 million dollar donation from the royal family of Saudi Arabia. [111] The library has the largest archives of any presidential library.
Published work
Clinton released a personal autobiography, My Life in 2004. An autobiography, from the Greek αὐτός autos "self" βίος bios "life" and γράφειν graphein "to write" My Life is a 2004 Autobiography written by former President of the United States Bill Clinton, who left office on January 20 The book was published by the Knopf Publishing Group at Random House on June 22, 2004. Alfred A Knopf Inc is a New York publishing house founded by Alfred A Random House Inc is the world's largest English-language general trade book publisher Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " According to the publisher, for single day non-fiction book sales, the book set a worldwide record. [112] Later released as an audio book, total sales were in excess of 400,000 copies. As a writer's fee, he received U. S. $12 million in advance. [113]
He released, Giving: How Each of Us Can Change the World in September 2007, which became a bestseller. Giving How Each of Us Can Change the World is a 2007 book by former United States President Bill Clinton. [114] The book is about citizen activism and the role of public charity and public service in the modern world. [115] The audiobook version was nominated for a 2008 Grammy Award in the category of Best Spoken Word Album. The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences The 50th Annual Grammy Awards took place at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, on February 10 2008 starting at 8PM EST.
William Clinton Foundation
The William J. Clinton Foundation promotes and provides for a number of humanitarian causes. Within the foundation, the Clinton Foundation HIV and AIDS Initiative (CHAI) strives to make treatment for HIV/AIDS more affordable and to implement large-scale integrated care, treatment, and prevention programs. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome While in Sydney to attend a Global Business Forum, Clinton signed a memorandum of understanding on behalf of his presidential foundation with the Australian government to promote HIV/AIDS programs in the Asia-Pacific region. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Asia-Pacific or APAC is the area generally regarded as encompassing Littoral East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australasia near the
The Clinton Global Initiative (CGI), funded by the Clinton Foundation, was inaugurated September 15-September 17, 2005 in New York City to coincide with the 2005 World Summit. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The 2005 World Summit, 14&ndash 16 September 2005, was a follow-up summit meeting to the United Nations ' 2000 Millennium Summit The focus areas of the initiative include attempts to address world problems such as global public health, poverty alleviation and religious and ethnic conflict. Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society organisations Poverty (also called penury) is deprivation of common necessities that determine the quality of life including food clothing shelter and safe Drinking water, and An ethnic conflict or ethnic war is a war between Ethnic groups often as a result of Ethnic nationalism. [116]
Clinton announced through the William J. Clinton Foundation an agreement by major soft drink manufacturers to stop selling sugared sodas and juice drinks in public primary and secondary schools on May 3, 2005. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [117]
Relations with George H. W. Bush
In the aftermath of the Asian tsunami and Hurricane Katrina, Clinton established, with fellow former-President George H. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea Earthquake that occurred at 005853 UTC on December 26 2004 with an Epicentre off the west coast of Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest in the history of the United States W. Bush, the Bush-Clinton Katrina Fund and Bush-Clinton Tsunami Fund, for which they were awarded the 2006 Philadelphia Liberty Medal on October 5, 2006. The Liberty Medal is an annual award administered by the National Constitution Center of the United States to recognize leadership in the pursuit of freedom Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [118] They spoke together at the funeral of Boris Yeltsin. Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin () (1 February 1931 23 April 2007 was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 [119]
President George W. Bush, to help the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, named Clinton and George H. W. Bush to lead a nationwide campaign on January 3, 2005. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea Earthquake that occurred at 005853 UTC on December 26 2004 with an Epicentre off the west coast of George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. U. N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan selected Clinton to head the United Nations earthquake and tsunami relief and reconstruction effort on February 1, 2005. Kofi Atta Annan, GCMG (born 8 April 1938 is a Ghanaian Diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was prompted by one of the worst Natural disasters of modern times Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [120]
Five days later, to raise money for relief through the USA Freedom Corps, Clinton and Bush appeared on the Fox Super Bowl XXXIX pre-game show. The USA Freedom Corps is a body within the Executive Office of the President of the United States, the President serving as its chair. Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played on February 6, 2005, at ALLTEL Stadium in Jacksonville Florida, to decide [121] Thirteen days later, to see the relief efforts, they traveled to the affected areas. [122]
Following the devastation of the Gulf Coast by Hurricane Katrina, Clinton worked with George H. The Gulf Coast region of the United States comprises the coasts of states which border the Gulf of Mexico. Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest in the history of the United States W. Bush to coordinate private relief donations on August 31, 2005, similar to their Indian Ocean tsunami campaign. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea Earthquake that occurred at 005853 UTC on December 26 2004 with an Epicentre off the west coast of [123]
Environment
To create the Clinton Foundation Climate Change Initiative (CCI), the William J. Clinton Foundation entered into a partnership with the Large Cities Climate Leadership Group on August 1, 2006, agreeing to provide resources to allow the participating cities to enter into an energy-saving product purchasing consortium and to provide technical and communications support. The Large Cities Climate Leadership Group, also known as the C40 Cities (and originally as the C20 Cities is a group of cities committed to the reduction of urban Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [124]
Clinton criticized the Bush administration for its handling of emissions control while speaking at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Montreal on December 9, 2005. Annex I and Annex II Countries and Developing Countries Signatories to the UNFCCC are split into three groups Annex I countries (industrialized countries Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. To promote initiatives concerning the environment, Clinton twice visited the University of California, Los Angeles in 2006. Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and Social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment. The University of California Los Angeles (generally known as UCLA) is a public research university located in Westwood Los Angeles, California, United First, to advertise the Large Cities Climate Leadership Group, he met with Tony Blair, Ken Livingstone, Antonio Villaraigosa, and Gavin Newsom on August 1, 2006. The Large Cities Climate Leadership Group, also known as the C40 Cities (and originally as the C20 Cities is a group of cities committed to the reduction of urban Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born 17 June 1945 is a British Socialist Politician. Antonio Ramon Villaraigosa (born Antonio Ramon Villar Jr on January 23 1953 or Tony Villar, is the mayor of Los Angeles California. Gavin Christopher Newsom (born October 10 1967 is the current mayor of San Francisco. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. On October 13, 2006, he spoke in favor of California Proposition 87 on alternative energy, which was voted down. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. California Proposition 87 was a proposition on the ballot for California Voters for the November 7, 2006 General election Energy development is the ongoing effort to provide sufficient Primary energy sources and secondary Energy forms to meet civilization's needs [125]
Personal health
Clinton had an episode of angina and was evaluated at Northern Westchester Hospital on September 2, 2004. Angina pectoris, commonly known as angina, is severe Chest pain due to Ischemia (a lack of blood and hence Oxygen supply of the heart Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " It was determined he did not suffer a coronary infarction, and he was sent home, returning the following day for angiography, which disclosed multiple vessel coronary artery disease. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply Angiography or arteriography is a Medical imaging technique in which an X-ray image is taken to visualize the inside or lumen, of blood vessels Coronary artery disease (CAD (or atherosclerotic Heart disease) is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls He was transferred to Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City, where he underwent a successful quadruple coronary artery bypass surgery on September 6, 2004. NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital is a prominent University hospital in New York City, composed of two medical centers Columbia University Medical Center Coronary artery bypass surgery, also coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and colloquially heart bypass or bypass surgery is a surgical procedure Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The medical team stated, had he not had surgery, he would have likely suffered a massive heart attack within a few months. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply [126] As a result of his open-heart surgery, he underwent a follow-up surgery to remove scar tissue and fluid from his left chest cavity on March 10, 2005. Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [127] He has since recovered.
2008 election involvement
In the course of the 2008 Democratic presidential primary campaign, Clinton vigorously advocated on behalf of his wife, Hillary Clinton, leading some observers and party members to question the appropriateness of his role in view of his status as a former president. PLEASE DO NOT MAKE STRUCTURAL CHANGES TO THIS PAGE WITHOUT FIRST DISCUSSING THEM ON THIS ARTICLE'S DISCUSSION PAGE Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26 1947 is the junior United States Senator from [128] Some felt that Clinton was overshadowing his wife in the campaign,[129][130][131] with her presidential rival Barack Obama complaining that he sometimes "did not know which Clinton he was running against. "[132]
Top Democratic Party officials, including Rep. Rahm Emmanuel, chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee and a declared Clinton supporter, asked Clinton to tone down his attacks on Obama following the bitterly contested Nevada caucus, suggesting that Clinton could be damaging his own political capital and global stature. Rahm Emanuel (born November 29 1959) is a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives since 2003 representing, which [133] Some commentators even accused the former president of "playing the race card" against Obama, who is half-black, by suggesting he would understand if South Carolina's African Americans naturally would vote for the black candidate, but rejected suggestions that America was not ready for a black President. [134][135][136] Many felt that by alienating black voters who had once overwhelmingly supported the Clintons, Clinton had tarnished his legacy as the so-called "first black president. "[137][138] In particular, Rep. James Clyburn (D-SC) suggested that Clinton's vocal attacks on Obama could damage the former President's legacy. James Enos "Jim" Clyburn (born July 21, 1940) is an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives [139] Following his wife's disappointing defeat in South Carolina, Clinton again made headlines when he appeared to undermine and racialize Obama's victory by comparing it to Jesse Jackson's failed 1984 bid for the Presidency. Jesse Louis Jackson Sr (born October 8 1941 is an American Civil rights activist and Baptist minister. [140] Some observers suggested that the controversial comments fueled Sen. Ted Kennedy's decision to endorse Sen. Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (born February 22 1932 is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts and a member of the Democratic Obama for the Presidency. [141] Clinton attracted further controversy with a series of attacks against Obama that many independents and former Clinton supporters felt to be unfair. [142][137][143][144] While some believed the attacks might eventually pay off,[145] others felt they would damage Hillary Clinton's presidential prospects and alienate Democratic voters in the general election. [142][143][146] Former President Bill Clinton defended his role in the Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2008 in South Carolina, disputing claims he made race a campaign issue. New York junior Senator and former First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton had expressed interest in the 2008 United States presidential South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets [147]
Honors and accolades
The President of the Czech Republic awarded Clinton the First Class with Collar Chain of the Order of the White Lion In 1998. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The Order of the White Lion is the highest order of the Czech Republic, which continues a Czechoslovak order of the same name created in 1922 as an [148]
From a poll conducted of the American people in December 1999, Clinton was among eighteen included in Gallup's List of Widely Admired People of the 20th century. Gallup's List of Widely Admired People, a poll of United States citizens to volunteer the names of the individuals whom they most admire is a list compiled annually by The Gallup
Clinton received the 2000 International Charlemagne Prize of the city of Aachen (a prestigious European prize),[149] 2004 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for narrating the Russian National Orchestra's album Wolf Tracks and Peter and the Wolf (along with Mikhail Gorbachev and Sophia Loren) and 2005 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for My Life, 2005 J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding,[150] and 2007 TED Prize (named for the confluence of technology, entertainment and design). The Karlspreis ( Charlemagne Prize; Prix Charlemagne; full name originally Internationaler Karlspreis der Stadt Aachen The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences The Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children has been awarded since 1994 The Russian National Orchestra has been in demand throughout the music world ever since its 1990 Moscow premiere Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician Sophia Loren (born September 20 1934 is an Academy Award winning Italian film actress born Sofia Villani Scicolone The Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album has been awarded since 1959. My Life is a 2004 Autobiography written by former President of the United States Bill Clinton, who left office on January 20 James William Fulbright ( April 9, 1905 &ndash February 9, 1995) was a United States Senator representing Arkansas from TED ( Technology Entertainment Design) is an annual conference that defines its mission as "ideas worth spreading" [151] On October 17, 2002, Clinton became the first white person to be inducted into the Arkansas Black Hall of Fame. Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. [152]
He received an honorary doctorate of laws from Tulane University in New Orleans (along with George H. An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa ( Latin: 'for the sake of the honour' is an Academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding Doctor of Laws ( Latin: Legum Doctor, LLD) is a Doctorate -level Academic degree in Law. Tulane University is a private, Nonsectarian, Coeducational Research university located in New Orleans, Louisiana. W. Bush),[153] and also from the University of Michigan. The University of Michigan Ann Arbor ( U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a top-ranked Coeducational public research [154] He is the recipient of an honorary doctorate of humane letters from Pace University's Lubin School of Business,[155] from Rochester Institute of Technology,[156] and from Knox College. The degree of Doctor of Humane Letters ( Latin: Litterarum humanarum doctor; D Pace University is a private, Co-educational, and comprehensive multi-campus University in the New York metropolitan area with campuses The Joseph I Lubin School of Business is the Business school of Pace University. Knox College is a four-year Coeducational private liberal arts college located in Galesburg Illinois. [157]
On November 22, 2004, New York Republican Governor George Pataki named Clinton and the other living former presidents (Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and George H. W. Bush) as honorary members of the board rebuilding the World Trade Center. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " George Elmer Pataki (born June 24, 1945) is an American politician who was the 53rd Governor of New York serving three consecutive Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 The World Trade Center in New York City, United States (sometimes informally the WTC or Twin Towers) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan In 2005, the University of Arkansas System opened the Clinton School of Public Service on the grounds of the Clinton Presidential Center. The University of Arkansas System comprises five main campuses within the state of Arkansas; a medical school two law schools a unique graduate school focused on public service The Clinton School of Public Service is a branch of the University of Arkansas System and is the newest of the presidential schools [158]
On December 3, 2006, Clinton was made an honorary chief and Grand Companion of the Order of Logohu by Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Michael Somare. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Papua New Guinea honours system is the main system of honouring citizens of Papua New Guinea for their services to that country The Papua New Guinea honours system is the main system of honouring citizens of Papua New Guinea for their services to that country The Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea is Papua New Guinea's Head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority Sir Michael Thomas Somare, GCL, GCMG, CH, CF (born 9 April 1936) has been Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Clinton was awarded the honor for his "outstanding leadership for the good of mankind during two terms as U. S. president" and his commitment to the global fight against HIV/AIDS and other health challenges in developing countries. [159]
On June 2, 2007, Clinton, along with former president George H. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Bush, received the International Freedom Conductor Award, for their help with the fund raising following the tsunami that devastated South Asia in 2004. [160] On June 13, 2007, Clinton was honored by the Global Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria alongside eight multinational-companies—HBO, Chevron Corporation, Standard Chartered plc, Eli Lilly & Company, Eskom Holdings Ltd, Marathon Oil Corporation, Coca-Cola, and Abbott—for his work to defeat HIV/AIDS. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Standard Chartered Bank (, is a British Bank headquartered in London with operations in more than seventy countries Eli Lilly and Company ( is a global Pharmaceutical company and one of the world's largest corporations Marathon Oil Corporation, based in Houston Texas, is a worldwide Oil and Natural gas exploration and production company Coca-Cola is a carbonated Soft drink sold in stores restaurants and Vending machines in more than 200 countries [161]
In Europe, Bill Clinton remains popular, especially in a large part of the Balkans and in Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world In Priština, Kosovo, a five-story picture of the former president was permanently engraved into the side of the tallest building in the province as a token of gratitude for Clinton's support during the crisis in Kosovo. [162] A statue of Clinton was also built and a road was named Clinton Boulevard. [163]
Electoral history
Gallery
 Clinton with Jacques Chirac outside Élysée Palace. Electoral history of Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States Congressional races Arkansas 3rd congressional district |
 Clinton meets Ryutaro Hashimoto at the Akasaka Palace. Ryutaro Hashimoto (橋本 龍太郎 Hashimoto Ryūtarō, July 29, 1937 - July 1, 2006) was a Japanese Politician Akasaka Palace is a former imperial residence that functions today as the. |
 Clinton and Jiang Zemin |
 Clinton (left) with Kim Dae-jung at APEC meeting in Auckland, New Zealand, on September 12, 1999 |
 Clinton speaking to California Democratic Convention Delegates at San Jose, California on March 31, 2008. Jiang Zemin ( born 17 August 1926 was the "core of the third generation " of Communist Party of China leaders serving as General Secretary of Kim Dae-jung (Born December 3, 1925, kim tɛdʑuŋ is a former South Korean president and the 2000 Nobel Peace Prize recipient The Auckland metropolitan area or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) |
 Clinton walking along the National Mall on his way to the dedication ceremonies for the National World War II Memorial, May 2004 |
References
- ^ a b c Biography of William J. Clinton, The White House
- ^ Marc Sandalow, Clinton Era Marked by Scandal, Prosperity: 1st Baby Boomer in White House Changed Notions of Presidency, San Francisco Chronicle; January 14, 2001
- ^ Joe Klein, 'The Natural': The Misunderstood Presidency of Bill Clinton, 2003, ISBN 0-7679-1412-0
- ^ William Safire, "Essay; Looking Beyond Peace," New York Times, December 6, 1993. The National Mall is an open-area National park in Downtown Washington D The US National World War II Memorial is a National Memorial dedicated to See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence
- ^ Michael Duffy, "Secrets Of," Time Magazine, Nov 29, 1993.
- ^ whitehouse.gov -- April 2, 1999: The Longest Peacetime Expansion in History
- ^ Library of Congress - House Report 105-648 - DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS BILL, 1999.
- ^ H-net Online Book Review: Benjamin Ginsberg and Alan Stone, eds. Do Elections Matter. Third Edition. Armonk, N. Y. (1997)
- ^ Clinton impeached December 19, 1998
- ^ Washingtonpost.com Clinton Accused - Special report.
- ^ Historical Presidential Approval Ratings - End Of Term Plus Current Ratings
- ^ About.com article
- ^ About.com article
- ^ a b c d e My Life, Bill Clinton, Random House, 2004, ISBN 0-375-41457-6
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p First In His Class : A Biography Of Bill Clinton, David Maraniss, Random House, 1996, ISBN 978-0684818900
- ^ President Bill Clinton's Hometown Homepage. Retrieved on 2007-02-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
- ^ Clinton, Bill (June 22, 2004). My Life. Knopf, 52.
- ^ It All Began in a Place Called Hope. Retrieved on 2007-01-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
- ^ Clinton, brother of Alpha Phi Omega.
- ^ Famous Non-Masons. Retrieved on 2006-12-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor.
- ^ a b c d e The Natural: The Misunderstood Presidency of Bill Clinton, Joe Klein, 2003, ISBN 0-7679-1412-0
- ^ The Clinton Wars, ISBN 0-374-12502-3, 2003, ISBN ISBN 0-374-12502-3
- ^ a b c d e f g h i The Survivor: Bill Clinton in the White House, John F. Joe Klein (born September 7, 1946) is a longtime Washington D Harris , 2005, ISBN 0-375-50847-3
- ^ Church, George J. . "Cover: Is Bill Clinton For Real?", Time, 1992-01-27. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.
- ^ a b c d Bob Woodward, The Choice: How Clinton Won (1996; ISBN 0-684-81308-4). Robert "Bob" Upshur Woodward (born March 26, 1943) is an assistant managing editor of The Washington Post.
- ^ WSJ.com
- ^ The choice: how Clinton won, Bob Woodward,1996, ISBN 0-684-81308-4
- ^ Le Beau, Bryan. Robert "Bob" Upshur Woodward (born March 26, 1943) is an assistant managing editor of The Washington Post. The Political Mobilization of the New Christian Right. Creighton University. Creighton University is a university located in Omaha Nebraska. Retrieved on 2006-12-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican
- ^ Walker, Martin, Tough love child of Kennedy, <http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1240962,00.html>. Retrieved on 12 October 2007
- ^ Clinton beats Bush to the White House, BBC News, 1992.
- ^ Ifill, Gwen. "Hillary Clinton Defends Her Condust in Law Firm", The New York Times, 1992-03-17. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.
- ^ MacGillis, Alec. "Hillary Clinton Embraces Her Husband's Legacy", The Washington Post, 2007-12-21, p. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian A1. Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.
- ^ Bill Clinton First Address, 1993.
- ^ Stranger Among Friends. - book reviews - John Cloud, Washington Monthly, November 1996
- ^ Washington Blade Editorial: Bush Has Mandate to Let Gays Serve - Kevin Naff, Center for the Study of Sexual Minorities in the Military, 2003-01-10
- ^ President seeks better implementation of 'do not ask, do not tell' - CNN, 1999-12-11
- ^ "Welcome to the White House". The Washington Monthly is a monthly Magazine of United States Politics and Government that is based in Washington D Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Retrieved on 2007-06-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ "The Clinton White House Web Site". Retrieved on 2007-06-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ "Welcome to the White House". Retrieved on 2007-06-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ "The Clinton White House Web Site: Part 2: Preserving the Clinton White House Web Site". Retrieved on 2007-06-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ Longley, Robert. The Clinton White House Web Site: Part 1: Perhaps the most important Web site in American history. About. com. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ Livingston, C. Don, Kenneth A. Wink; "The Passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement in the U. S. House of Representatives: Presidential Leadership or Presidential Luck?" Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 27, 1997
- ^ Presidential Press Conference - 08/03/1993.
- ^ 1994 State of the Union Address.
- ^ Howard Kurtz, The Washington Post, 1998-11-23
- ^ No substantial and credible evidence, CNN. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ William J Clinton Foundation Speech by President to the People of New Orleans, LA, 1996.
- ^ Applebome, Peter. "Arkansas Execution Raises Questions on Governor's Politics", The New York Times, 1992-01-25. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.
- ^ a b George Stephanopoulos, All Too Human: A Political Education, 1999
- ^ Death Penalty Information Center
- ^ Clemency
- ^ "Time Line", Washington Post Special Report: Clinton Accused, The Washington Post, September 13, 1998, p. George Robert Stephanopoulos (born February 10, 1961) is an American broadcaster Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) A32.
- ^ Case Closed, Washington Post.
- ^ "CNN-Clinton_aquiter"
- ^ "Clinton acquitted; president apologizes again", CNN, February 12, 1999. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on 2006-12-21. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian
- ^ Recording Industry Association of America (October 21, 1998). Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) "Senate Ratifies Historic Treaties Securing Copyright Online". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2007-02-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the
- ^ The Washington Post (January 27, 1998). Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) "Senate Ratifies Historic Treaties Securing Copyright Online". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
- ^ Iraq Liberation Act of 1998, H. R. 4655, One Hundred Fifth Congress of United States of America at Second Session; Library of Congress
- ^ The Iraq Liberation Act, Statement by the President, Office of the Press Secretary For Immediate Release, October 31, 1998
- ^ Cohen, William (April 7, 1999). Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) "Secretary Cohen's Press Conference at NATO Headquarters".
- ^ Clinton, Bill (June 25, 1999). Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) "Press Conference by the President".
- ^ Resolution 1244 adopted by the United Nations Security Council on June 10, 1999. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar)
- ^ The Impact of the Laws of War in Contemporary Conflicts (PDF) by Adam Roberts on April 10, 2003 at a seminar at Princeton University titled "The Emerging International System — Actors, Interactions, Perceptions, Security". Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved January 25, 2007. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Two die in Apache crash by BBC News on May 5, 1999. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved January 25, 2007. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Pilger, John (September 4, 2000). Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. "US and British officials told us that at least 100,000 were murdered in Kosovo. A year later, fewer than 3,000 bodies have been found". New Statesman.
- ^ Pearl, Daniel and Block, Robert (December 31, 1999). Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) "War in Kosovo Was Cruel, Bitter, Savage; Genocide It Wasn’t". The Wall Street Journal, p. A1.
- ^ "Kosovo assault 'was not genocide'". (September 7, 2001). Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. BBC.
- ^ Encylopaedia Britannica - Ethnic Cleansing.
- ^ "The charges against Milosevic. " (July 5, 2004). BBC.
- ^ Clinton's Vietnam Visit, BBC News 2000
- ^ Langer, Gary. "Historical Presidential Approval Ratings", abcnews. go. com, January 17, 2001. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-01-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome.
- ^ Historical Budget Data (PDF). Congressional Budget Office (January 26, 2006). Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-01-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome.
- ^ "Clinton to contest Supreme Court suspension", CNN, October 2, 2001. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-21. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian
- ^ "Bill Clinton Disbarment to End", AP/11alive. com, January 18, 2006. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-21. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian
- ^ "Clinton asks to quit Supreme Court Bar", CNN. com, November 9, 2001. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
- ^ "Clinton Pardon's List", Associated Press via The Washington Post, 2001-01-20
- ^ "Clinton pardons: Cast of characters", BBC, 22 February 2001. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-21. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian
- ^ Curl, Joseph, "Clintons hit over Libby criticism", Washington Post
- ^ Woodward, Bob and Duffy, Brian, Republic of China1.htm "Chinese Embassy Role In Contributions Probed", Washington Post, February 13, 1997
- ^ This law was declared to be unconstitutional in Clinton v. City of New York. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Clinton v City of New York,, is a Legal case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Line-item veto as granted in the
- ^ Appointment and swearing in of Justice Breyer, 1994.
- ^ Job Performance Ratings for President Clinton. Retrieved on 2006-02-25. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor
- ^ Bill Clinton: Job Ratings - PollingReport. com
- ^ Poll: Clinton's approval rating up in wake of impeachment - CNN, 1998-12-20
- ^ Poll: Majority of Americans glad Clinton is leaving office - Keating Holland, CNN, 2001-01-10
- ^ Presidents and History. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. pollingreport. com. Retrieved on 2007-06-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians
- ^ Poll: Clinton outperformed Bush - CNN. com
- ^ Poll: Clinton Legacy Mixed, ABCNews. com, January 17, 2001.
- ^ Martin Walker, Clinton: the President they deserve, Fourth Estate 1999
- ^ Bob Woodward, The choice: how Clinton won, Touchstone 1996, ISBN 0-684-81308-4
- ^ Bresler, Robert J. . "The Muddled Meaning of the 2000 Election", USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education), January 2001. Retrieved on 2007-01-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
- ^ Morrison, Toni (October 1998). Toni Morrison (born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18 1931 is a Nobel Prize -winning American author editor and professor Clinton as the first black president. The New Yorker. Retrieved on 2006-12-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican
- ^ Sachs, Andrea. "10 questions for Tony Morrison", Time, May 7, 2008. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Accessed May 8, 2008. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ A Conversation With President Bill Clinton on Race in America Today - interview with Clinton, Center for American Progress, July 16, 2004. The Center for American Progress is an American liberal political policy research and advocacy organization Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
- ^ Baker, Peter, Head and Shoulders Above the Rest, <http://blog.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2007/10/11/head_and_shoulders_above.html>. Retrieved on 12 October 2007
- ^ Carnahan, Ira, Presidential Timber Tends To Be Tall, <http://www.forbes.com/compensation/2004/05/19/cz_ic_0519beltway.html>. Retrieved on 12 October 2007
- ^ Clinton Accuser's Story Aired, Washington Post, 1999.
- ^ Press release: President Bill Clinton to be keynote speaker at World Congress on IT 2002, World Information Technology and Services Alliance, Adelaide, South Australia
- ^ Katherine Hamilton. "Bill Clinton to speak at Class Day", The Daily Princetonian, 2006-04-18
- ^ Clinton Is Welcome in Harlem. The Daily Princetonian is the daily independent Student newspaper of Princeton University. Congressman Charles Rangel, Washington D. Charles Bernard "Charlie" Rangel (born June 11, 1930) is an American Politician. C. Office (2001-02-14). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Retrieved on 2007-03-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
- ^ "Hillary Rodham Clinton scores historic win in New York", CNN, 2000-11-08. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Retrieved on 2006-08-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
- ^ Clinton Campaign Blitz, CNN, 2002.
- ^ Page, Susan. "Poll: No boost for Kerry after convention", USA TODAY, August 1, 2004. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2007-02-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
- ^ Josh Gerstein, Clinton Eligible, Once Again, To Practice Law, New York Sun, January 17, 2006, downloaded from N.Y. Sun article.
- ^ Bill Clinton Ponders a role as 'First Gentlemen', NY Times, 2007.
- ^ Forty Million Dollar Bill, Independent, 2007.
- ^ Bill Clinton's Strange U.N. Visit. NewsMax. com, April 13, 2007. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Ontario Economic Summit, CTV.
- ^ Clinton Library open for business, BBC News, 2004.
- ^ Opening of Clinton Library in Pictures, BBC News, 2004.
- ^ Clinton library got funds from abroad, Washington Post, 2007.
- ^ Alfred A. Knopft (2004) Bill Clinton's My Life sets one day, non-fiction sales record
- ^ Glaister, Dan. "Oprah Winfrey book deal tops Clinton's $12 m", The Guardian, 22 May 2006. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ New York Times Best Seller list for 9/23/07. New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated
- ^ Bill Clintons New Book. MSNBC. Retrieved on 2007-11-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ Clinton Global Initiative.
- ^ William J. Clinton Foundation announces agreement to reduce junk food in schools.
- ^ 2006 Philadelphia Liberty Medal Award.
- ^ Former Presidents Bush, Clinton Represent U.S. at Boris Yeltsin's Funeral, Fox News, 2007.
- ^ Clinton named head of U.N. tsunami rebuilding, CNN, 2005.
- ^ Senior Bush, Clinton to Appear at Super Bowl, Washington Post, 2005.
- ^ Bush, Clinton end tsunami visit, BBC News, 2005.
- ^ Former Presidents announce storm grants, NY Times, 2005.
- ^ Clinton Foundation and Climate Partnership, Press Release.
- ^ Indravudh, Peach. "Clinton backs Prop. 87", Daily Bruin, UCLA. The University of California Los Angeles (generally known as UCLA) is a public research university located in Westwood Los Angeles, California, United Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ Vedantam, Shankar. "Clinton's Heart Bypass Surgery Called a Success", The Washington Post, September 7, 2004, pp. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " A01. Retrieved on 2007-01-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
- ^ Clinton follow-up surgery, International Herald Tribune, 2005.
- ^ The Associated Press: Quotes on Bill Clinton's Campaign Role
- ^ For better or worse, Bill Clinton in race - chicagotribune.com
- ^ VF Daily: Bruce Feirstein: Bill Clinton, Nasty Man: On The Web: vanityfair.com
- ^ The Bubba Factor
- ^ A Clinton twofer's high price - Los Angeles Times
- ^ Leading Democrats To Bill Clinton: Pipe Down | Newsweek Periscope | Newsweek.com
- ^ Bloomberg.com: News
- ^ Obama beats... Jesse Jackson? - By Mickey Kaus - Slate Magazine
- ^ Politics | ON DEADLINE: Clinton Makes Race an Issue | Seattle Times Newspaper
- ^ a b Analysis: Bill Clinton's Lost Legacy, CBSNews.com's Vaughn Ververs: Inflammatory Remarks Tarnish Ex-President's Reputation - CBS News
- ^ Two Against One - New York Times
- ^ CNN.com - Transcripts
- ^ YouTube - Bill Clinton on Barack Obama
- ^ Sen. Kennedy Backs Obama for President - Politics on The Huffington Post
- ^ a b Comment is free: Winning ugly
- ^ a b Is the right right on the Clintons? - Los Angeles Times
- ^ RealClearPolitics - Articles - Clinton's Depressing Assault on Obama
- ^ RealClearPolitics - Articles - How Clinton Will Win the Nomination by Losing S.C
- ^ There You Go Again - washingtonpost.com
- ^ Bill Clinton: What happened in South Carolina a 'myth' - cnn.com
- ^ List of Individuals Awarded the Order of the White Lion
- ^ International Prize of the city of Aachen (German).
- ^ Fulbright prize to Clinton, 2006.
- ^ Acceptance speech.
- ^ Campaign Season; Another First for Clinton at New York Times.com
- ^ President Bill Clinton with an honorary doctorate of law.
- ^ Bill Clinton Speaks at U. of Michigan.
- ^ Clinton kicks off centennial anniversary of university, 2006.
- ^ Keynote speaker at RIT.
- ^ Bill Clinton - from The Wiki Fire
- ^ Clinton School of Public service.
- ^ Jones, Lloyd (2005-12-03). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French It's 'Chief Clinton' to you. news. com. au. Retrieved on 2006-12-03. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French
- ^ freedomcenter.org
- ^ GBC — News Articles
- ^ Clinton honoured in Kosovo, Reuters News.
- ^ Kosovo to honor Bill Clinton with statue | Reuters
Further reading
Primary sources
- Clinton, Bill. My Life. My Life is a 2004 Autobiography written by former President of the United States Bill Clinton, who left office on January 20 (2004). ISBN 0-375-41457-6.
- --- (with Al Gore). Albert Arnold Gore Jr (born March 31 1948 is an American environmental Activist, author Businessperson, former Politician, and former Science in the National Interest. Washington, DC: The White House, August 1994.
- --- (with Al Gore). Albert Arnold Gore Jr (born March 31 1948 is an American environmental Activist, author Businessperson, former Politician, and former The Climate Change Action Plan. Washington, DC: The White House, October, 1993.
- --- (with Al Gore). Technology for America’s economic growth, a new direction to build economic strength. Washington, DC: The White House, February 22, 1993.
- Sidney Blumenthal The Clinton Wars. Sidney Blumenthal (born November 6, 1948) is a former aide to President Bill Clinton and a widely published American journalist especially on American (2003). ISBN 0-374-12502-3
- Kenneth Starr The Starr Report: The Findings of Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Kenneth Winston Starr (born July 21, 1946) is an American Lawyer and former judge who was appointed to the Office of the Independent Counsel The Lewinsky scandal was a political Sex scandal emerging from a sexual relationship between United States President Bill Clinton and a then Starr on President Clinton and the Lewinsky Affair (1998) ISBN 1-891620-24-X
- George Stephanopoulos All Too Human: A Political Education (1998) ISBN 0-316-92919-0
- S. Daniel Abraham Peace is Possible, foreword by Bill Clinton
Popular books
- Peter Baker The Breach: Inside the Impeachment and Trial of William Jefferson Clinton (2000) ISBN 0-684-86813-X
- James Bovard Feeling Your Pain: The Explosion and Abuse of Government Power in the Clinton-Gore Years (2000) ISBN 0-312-23082-6
- Joe Conason and Gene Lyons The Hunting of the President: The Ten-Year Campaign to Destroy Bill and Hillary Clinton (2003) ISBN 0-312-27319-3
- Elizabeth Drew On the Edge: The Clinton Presidency (1994) ISBN 0-671-87147-1
- David Gergen Eyewitness to Power: The Essence of Leadership. George Robert Stephanopoulos (born February 10, 1961) is an American broadcaster S Daniel Abraham is an American businessman who was born and raised in Long Beach New York. Peace Is Possible Conversations with Arab and Israeli Leaders from 1988 to the Present is a book by S James Bovard is a bestselling libertarian author and lecturer whose political commentary targets examples of waste failures corruption Cronyism and abuses Joe Conason (born 1954 in New York City) is a journalist Author and political commentator Gene Lyons is a political columnist and co-author with Joe Conason of The Hunting of the President The 10 Year Campaign to Destroy Bill and Hillary Clinton Elizabeth Drew (born November 16, 1935, Cincinnati Ohio) is an American political Journalist and author David Richmond Gergen (born May 9, 1942) is best known as a political consultant and presidential advisor during the administrations of Nixon (2000) ISBN 0-684-82663-1
- Nigel Hamilton Bill Clinton: An American Journey (2003) ISBN 0-375-50610-1
- John F. Harris The Survivor: Bill Clinton in the White House (2005) ISBN 0-375-50847-3
- Christopher Hitchens No One Left to Lie to: The Triangulations of William Jefferson Clinton (1999) ISBN 1-85984-736-6
- Michael Isikoff Uncovering Clinton: A Reporter's Story (1999) ISBN 0-609-60393-0
- Mark Katz Clinton and Me: A Real-Life Political Comedy (2004) ISBN 978-0786869497
- Joe Klein The Natural: The Misunderstood Presidency of Bill Clinton (2003) ISBN 0-7679-1412-0
- David Maraniss First in His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton (1996) ISBN 0-684-81890-6
- David Maraniss The Clinton Enigma: A Four and a Half Minute Speech Reveals This President's Entire Life (1998) ISBN 0-684-86296-4
- Dick Morris with Eileen McGann Because He Could (2004) ISBN 0-06-078415-6
- Roger Morris (American writer) Partners in Power: The Clintons and Their America (1996) ISBN 0-89526-302-5
- Richard A. Posner An Affair of State: The Investigation, Impeachment, and Trial of President Clinton (1999) ISBN 0-674-00080-3
- Mark J. John F Harris is Editor in Chief for the The Politico, a Washington DC based newspaper about politics which launched on January 23 2007 Christopher Eric Hitchens (born April 13, 1949) is a British Author, Journalist, Literary critic and American Michael Isikoff (b Syosset New York, 1952 is an Investigative journalist for the United States -based magazine Newsweek. Mark Katz (born December 28, 1963) is an American humorist Speechwriter, Author, and humor consultant to politicians executives Joe Klein (born September 7, 1946) is a longtime Washington D David Maraniss (born 1949 is a Pulitzer Prize -winning journalist and author David Maraniss (born 1949 is a Pulitzer Prize -winning journalist and author Dick Morris is an American political Author and commentator who previously worked as a Pollster, political campaign consultant Roger Morris (American writer, born 1937 is an American Public servant, Historian, and political Writer. Richard Allen Posner (born January 11 1939 in New York City) is currently a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in Chicago Rozell The Clinton Scandal and the Future of American Government (2000) ISBN 0-87840-777-4
- Michael Waldman POTUS Speaks: Finding the Words That Defined the Clinton Presidency (2000) ISBN 0-7432-0020-9
- Ivory Tower Publishing Company Achievements of the Clinton Administration: the Complete Legislative and Executive (1995) ISBN 0-88032-748-0
Academic studies
- Cohen; Jeffrey E. Achievements of the Clinton Administration the Complete Legislative and Executive (ISBN 0-88032-748-0 is a paperback book published by Ivory Tower Publishing Company in "The Polls: Change and Stability in Public Assessments of Personal Traits, Bill Clinton, 1993-99" Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 31, 2001
- Cronin, Thomas E. and Michael A. Genovese; "President Clinton and Character Questions" Presidential Studies Quarterly Vol. 28, 1998
- Davis; John. "The Evolution of American Grand Strategy and the War on Terrorism: Clinton and Bush Perspectives" White House Studies, Vol. 3, 2003
- Edwards; George C. "Bill Clinton and His Crisis of Governance" Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 28, 1998
- Fisher; Patrick. "Clinton's Greatest Legislative Achievement? the Success of the 1993 Budget Reconciliation Bill" White House Studies, Vol. 1, 2001
- Glad; Betty. "Evaluating Presidential Character" Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 28, 1998
- Harris, John F. The Survivor: Bill Clinton in the White House. (2005) ISBN 0-375-50847-3, biography
- William G. Hyland. Clinton's World: Remaking American Foreign Policy (1999) ISBN 0-275-96396-9
- Jewett, Aubrey W. and Marc D. Turetzky; " Stability and Change in President Clinton's Foreign Policy Beliefs, 1993-96" Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 28, 1998
- Johnson, Fard. "Politics, Propaganda and Public Opinion: The Influence of Race and Class on the 1993 - 1994 Health Care Reform Debate. " (2004). ISBN 1-4116-6345-4
- Laham, Nicholas, A Lost Cause: Bill Clinton's Campaign for National Health Insurance (1996)
- Lanoue, David J. and Craig F. Emmert; "Voting in the Glare of the Spotlight: Representatives' Votes on the Impeachment of President Clinton" Polity, Vol. 32, 1999
- Livingston, C. Don, Kenneth A. Wink; "The Passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement in the U. S. House of Representatives: Presidential Leadership or Presidential Luck?" Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 27, 1997
- Maurer; Paul J. "Media Feeding Frenzies: Press Behavior during Two Clinton Scandals" Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 29, 1999
- Nie; Martin A. "'It's the Environment, Stupid!': Clinton and the Environment" Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 27, 1997
- O'Connor; Brendon. "Policies, Principles, and Polls: Bill Clinton's Third Way Welfare Politics 1992-1996" The Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol. 48, 2002
- Poveda; Tony G. "Clinton, Crime, and the Justice Department" Social Justice, Vol. 21, 1994
- Renshon; Stanley A. The Clinton Presidency: Campaigning, Governing, and the Psychology of Leadership Westview Press, 1995
- Renshon; Stanley A. "The Polls: The Public's Response to the Clinton Scandals, Part 1: Inconsistent Theories, Contradictory Evidence" Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 32, 2002
- Rushefsky, Mark E. and Kant Patel. Politics, Power & Policy Making: The Case of Health Care Reform in the 1990s (1998) ISBN 1-56324-956-1
- Schantz, Harvey L. Politics in an Era of Divided Government: Elections and Governance in the Second Clinton Administration (2001) ISBN 0-8153-3583-0
- Wattenberg; Martin P. "The Democrats' Decline in the House during the Clinton Presidency: An Analysis of Partisan Swings" Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 29, 1999
- Wattier; Mark J. "The Clinton Factor: The Effects of Clinton's Personal Image in 2000 Presidential Primaries and in the General Election" White House Studies, Vol. 4, 2004
- Smithers, Luken J. "The Miracle Whip"
External links
- Extensive essay on Bill Clinton and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the Miller Center of Public Affairs
- Full audio of a number of Clinton speeches via the Miller Center of Public Affairs (UVa)
- White House biography
- William J. Clinton Foundation official website
- Clinton Global Initiative official website
- Clinton Presidential Library official website
- Clinton Presidential Materials Project Archive of press releases and transcripts of speeches from the administration.
- Clinton School of Public Service
- Works by or about Bill Clinton in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Works by Bill Clinton at Project Gutenberg
- Bill Clinton at the Internet Movie Database
- The Wanderer- A profile of Clinton in The New Yorker, 18 September 2006. WorldCat is a Union catalog which itemizes the collections of more than 10000 libraries which participate in the OCLC global cooperative Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works The New Yorker is an American Magazine that publishes reportage commentary criticism essays fiction satire cartoons and poetry Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Clinton's most extensive interview in his post-presidency
- [1] - "Armigerous American Presidents Series" article from the American Heraldry Society.
- Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture entry: Bill Clinton
| Legal offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Jim Guy Tucker |
Attorney General of Arkansas 1977 – 1979 |
Succeeded by Steve Clark |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Joe Purcell (acting) |
Governor of Arkansas 1979 – 1981 |
Succeeded by Frank D. White |
| Preceded by Frank D. White |
Governor of Arkansas 1983 – 1992 |
Succeeded by Jim Guy Tucker |
| Preceded by Lamar Alexander Tennessee |
Chairman of the National Governor's Association 1986 – 1987 |
Succeeded by John H. Sununu New Hampshire |
| Preceded by George H. W. Bush |
President of the United States January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001 |
Succeeded by George W. Bush |
| Preceded by Jacques Chirac France |
Chair of the G8 1997 |
Succeeded by Tony Blair United Kingdom |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Sam Nunn |
Chairman of the Democratic Leadership Council 1990 – 1991 |
Succeeded by John Breaux |
| Preceded by Michael Dukakis |
Democratic Party presidential candidate 1992, 1996 |
Succeeded by Al Gore |
| Order of precedence in the United States of America | ||
| Preceded by George H. W. Bush |
United States order of precedence Former President of the United States |
Succeeded by U. James " Jim " Guy Tucker Jr (born June 13 1943) is a former governor, Lieutenant governor, Attorney The Arkansas Attorney General is an executive position and constitutional officer within the Arkansas Government. Steve Clark may refer to Steve Clark, late guitarist for Def Leppard Stevan Dion Clark, Former New England Patriots Defensive End in the Joe Edward Purcell ( July 29 1923 – March 1987 was the Democratic acting governor of the U The following is a list of the Governors of the State of Arkansas and Arkansas Territory. Frank Durward White ( June 4, 1933 &ndash May 21, 2003) was only the second Republican governor of the U Frank Durward White ( June 4, 1933 &ndash May 21, 2003) was only the second Republican governor of the U The Governor of the State of Arkansas is the chief executive of the state and Commander-in-chief of its military forces. James " Jim " Guy Tucker Jr (born June 13 1943) is a former governor, Lieutenant governor, Attorney Andrew Lamar Alexander (born July 3, 1940) is the senior United States Senator from Tennessee and a member of the Republican Party Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. The National Governors Association (NGA is a primarily taxpayer-funded lobbying Organization of the Governors of the fifty U John Henry Sununu (born July 2, 1939 in Havana Cuba is a former Governor of New Hampshire (1983–89 and former White House Chief New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Samuel Augustus Nunn Jr (born September 8, 1938) is an American Lawyer and Politician. John Berlinger Breaux (bɹo (born March 1, 1944) is a former United States senator from Louisiana who served from 1987 until 2005 Michael Stanley Dukakis (born November 3, 1933) is an American Democratic politician former Governor of Massachusetts, and was the Democratic This is a list of the candidates for the offices of President of the United States and Vice President of the United States of the modern Democratic Party of the United The United States presidential elections of 1992 featured a battle between incumbent President, Republican George H The United States presidential election of 1996 was a contest between the Democratic national ticket of President Bill Clinton of Arkansas and Vice Albert Arnold Gore Jr (born March 31 1948 is an American environmental Activist, author Businessperson, former Politician, and former The United States Order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the government of the United States. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 The United States Order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the government of the United States. S. ambassadors (while at their posts; otherwise Condoleezza Rice) |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Clinton, Bill |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Clinton, William Jefferson (full name) |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | 42nd President of the United States (1993–2001) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 19 August 1946 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Hope, Arkansas |
| DATE OF DEATH | |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
Condoleezza Rice (born November 14 1954 is the 66th United States The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hope is a small City in Hempstead County, Arkansas, United States. Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States.
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